以培养卓越化学教师为目标的职前教师教育课程设置研究

以"卓越教师培养计划"的实施为背景,从顺应科学教育范式转变和促进化学教师专业发展2方面分析了化学教师教育的现状,提出了以培养"卓越化学教师"为目标的职前教师教育课程设置问题。着重论述了化学教师的化学科学素养、化学教育实践能力的培养。指出要从关注条块分割的知识体系培养转变为关注教育者的全面发展培养,并从化学学科知识体系、科学与技术哲学、化学教师教育实践等方面进行课程优化,促进职前卓越化学教师既懂化学科学,又懂化学教育,还懂化学教育研究。     

面向澳门职前教师的化学教育:设计和实施

科学教育是教育的一个重要组成部分,而化学是科学教育的中心学科.开设职前教师化学教育的目的是为了提升职前教师的化学素养和解决问题能力,为澳门中学科学教育储备师资人才.本文以职前教师化学教育为主题,探讨课程设计如何能配合澳门职前教师的成长,让课程理念和课程实施携手并进.     

国家教师资格考试制度下化学教师教育课程优化探讨

以国家教师资格考试大纲和《教师教育课程标准》为本,针对参加化学教师资格考试人群提出备考建议。以样本院校化学专业职前教师培养方案为基础,提出该学科调整课程结构,调整学科教育类课程比例,调整课程开设时间,突出理论与实践相结合;通过开设不同层次、不同内容和形式的学科教育课程,促进化学专业职前教师教育课程能与“国考”有效对接,以适应制度创新带来的新变化,提高化学教师培养的适应性和针对性。     

论化学职前教师教学设计能力培养策略

高等师范院校承担着职前教师的教育教学能力的培养,其中教学设计能力是一项非常重要的指标。针对目前化学职前教师在进行教学设计时存在的困惑,提出了培养化学职前教师教学设计能力的策略:通过概念图制作,完善化学学科知识结构;通过专题训练,积累理论性知识;通过教学设计训练,使理论性知识有效转化为实践性知识;通过优秀教学设计案例,进一步积累实践性知识;通过网络资源,积累教学设计经验;通过档案袋评价,激励教育教学能力进步。     

职前化学教师教学反思能力及影响因素研究

以已学习教师教育类系列课程的化学教育专业大三师范生为研究对象,分析其教学反思视频与教学反思日志,研究职前化学教师教学反思能力的广度和深度,并结合访谈探讨影响职前化学教师教学反思能力的主要因素。研究发现,职前化学教师的教学反思能力广度在2～8之间,其中反思到4个维度的最多,总体呈正偏态分布,69.1%的职前化学教师的反思不超过4个维度。职前化学教师的教学反思能力水平较低,47.1%处于技术合理性水平,仅8.7%处于批判反思水平。职前化学教师教学反思能力受到其自身教学反思知识、教师指导、反思环境等多重因素的影响。依据以上研究结果,对职前教师、教师教育机构提出了建议。     

职前化学教师“科学探究教学”PCK调查研究*

基于PCK的视角,采用问卷法调查30名职前化学教师对科学探究教学所持的认识,通过质性编码分析其认识组分,并利用量规评价组分的整合水平,结果表明其组分及整合为中低水平,即认识水平较低。据此对我国职前化学教师培养及教师教育研究提出建议。     

职前化学教师化学建模能力测评研究*

化学教师化学建模能力水平的高低直接影响着所培养学生建模能力的强弱。基于Rasch模型从模型表征能力、模型建构能力、模型应用能力3个维度开发四水平测查的《职前化学教师化学建模能力问卷调查》,对83名职前化学教师的化学建模能力进行测评,研究发现:被调查的职前化学教师化学建模能力总体较差,参照《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》对化学建模能力的具体要求,分别仅有88%、42%、54%的职前化学教师的模型表征能力、模型建构能力、模型应用能力达标。因此,建议高等师范院校加强对职前化学教师化学建模能力的培养。     

化学教育专业本科生信息素养现状调查与培养探索——新世纪教师教育专业发展与课程改革的研究

新世纪的基础教育中,教师信息素养水平的高低直接影响着教育教学改革的发展.选择了高师化学教育专业本科生信息素养培养为研究课题,进行了职前教师信息素养构成、信息素养现状调查、培养课程设置的研究,并进行了教学实践,寻求培养具有较高信息素养和专业特色的化学教师教育途径和模式.     

职前化学教师教育研究的内容分析*——基于SSCI期刊《化学教育研究与实践》的文献

国际职前化学教师教育研究的热点对我国职前化学教师教育发展具有借鉴意义。以47篇《化学教育研究与实践》上职前化学教师教育研究的论文作为研究对象,通过内容分析法和文献计量法分析,并与国内的研究现状进行对比,发现在发文量上,本领域文献产量都不高,国外相关研究成果也是近5年来才开始蓬勃,但在作者分布、研究主题、研究范式上存在较大差距。具体表现:国外学者注重跨专业、跨校、跨国合作研究职前化学教师教育;国外学者倾向于从学生的视角展开调查或测试,基于证据为学生的学习乃至教师教学改革提供策略;国外学者擅长实证研究,和国内经验总结的研究范式差别很大。     

职前化学教师TPACK的现状与发展研究

采用自编的职前化学教师TPACK问卷,以902名职前化学教师为调查对象,研究了他们TPACK的发展。结果表明:(1)职前化学教师TPACK存在显著的性别差异,男生的TK、PCK、TPK、TCK、TPCK均值较女生高,而女生的CK、PK均值较高;(2)生源地为城镇的职前化学教师与生源地为农村的职前化学教师在TK、CK 2个维度上存在显著性差异,且农村职前化学教师在CK、PK、PCK、TCK、TPK、TPCK 6个维度的得分均高于城镇职前化学教师;(3)职前化学教师TPACK存在显著的年级差异,随着年级的升高,职前化学教师TPACK呈波浪式持续发展的趋势。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.