二元自适应壁风洞实验技术研究

介绍了在柔壁自适应壁风洞中，进行大堵塞比翼型低、跨音速实验消除洞壁干扰的研究，叙述了西北工业大学低、跨音速柔壁自适应壁风洞实验的迭代方案和高亚音速一步调整方案，以及所进行的实验和计算验证。结果表明，本文提出的洞壁调整方案可以有效地消除二维柔壁自适应风洞中大堵塞比翼型实验的洞壁干扰。     

优化跨音速自适应壁试验段设计的试验研究

分析了在矩形截面试验段中三元模型试验时的洞壁干扰分布。讨论了为扩大二元柔壁自适应壁风洞中进行飞机模型试验时的无干扰区，较合适的试验段宽高比。用两个翼身组合体模型，在西北工业大学高速二元柔壁自适应风洞中作了变试验段宽高比为Ｂ／Ｈ＝１．０，１．２，１．４时的测压试验。两个模型都在德国宇航院ＨＫＧ高速风洞中作了对比试验，研究结果表明，Ｂ／Ｈ＝１．４的柔壁试验段截面较为合适。     

跨音速翼型上的激波／边界层干扰自适应控制计算

在激波区使用自适应壁对跨音速翼型的激波／边界层的相互作用（干扰）进行控制，可改变机翼的气动性能，这种被动控制可通过在翼型的激波区开一凹腔，其上覆盖一弹性橡胶膜柔壁来，本文给出用Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｒ方程数值模拟这一自适应控制翼型的跨音速粘性绕流，提出了一个适应于本特殊情况（物面边界局部地区在求解过程中有变化）的处理办法。并探讨了自适应柔壁对当代跨音速翼绕流的影响。     

超临界翼型风洞实验的侧壁干扰研究

本文对模型周围的侧壁附面层抽吸,研究跨音速二元风洞的侧壁干扰。模型的展长大于风洞的宽度,其中央剖面有测压孔,在风洞实验段中可沿展向滑移,使测压剖面相对于风洞的对称平面的展向位置取不同的值。实验表明:在超临界情况,当对模型周围侧壁附面层进行抽吸时,气动力的展向均匀性改善,翼型上的激波向后移。     

大型低速二元风洞侧壁边界层控制及对单段翼型实验结果的影响

本文简述了ＮＦ－３风洞二元实验段侧壁边界层吹除控制系统及具有吹气的模型实验方法，给出了不同吹气系数对风洞边界层的控制效果以及对相对厚度为７％的单段翼型实验结果的影响。初步实验研究结果表明，该控制系统能有效地改善风洞侧壁边界层的流动状态，减小侧壁干扰，改善翼型实验中的二元流动特性     

低湍流风洞

北京大学湍流研究室建成了一座精密的低湍流风洞,该风洞是一座能产生一股速度脉动和温度脉动都非常小的均匀气流的实验设备。技术关键是如何降低气流内的速度脉动值。由于风洞设计上采取了直流,闭口和吸入式的空气动力方案和其他正确技术措施,并精密加工,这样风洞就达到了气流均匀、平稳、湍流度低于0.08％的指标。风洞的实测值是0.05％左右。该风洞除可进行流动的稳定性,湍流发生的机理性基础实验外,还可进行一般的基础应用性实验,如减阻、风载、分离流动等实验研究。同时由于风洞很精密,也可以用作标定各类流速传感器的标准计量风洞。     

低湍流度风洞中湍流度对平板边界层转捩影响的试验研究

本文报告了在西北工业大学壁低流度风洞中进行了平板边界层转捩试验研究的简况及初步结果，试验湍流度为０．０２％、０．１％及０．３３％，用恒温热线风速仪测量时均速度型，求得边界层沿流向的位移厚度分布，并用示波器观察速度脉动脉形变化，从而确定起始转捩点和完全转捩点位置。结果表明，转捩的规律性和国外经典结果极为吻合。     

超临界翼型跨音速特性实验研究

针对新设计的超临界翼型,采用风洞实验方法验证和评估了其气动特性。在增压连续式跨音速风洞(NF-6风洞)开展了超临界翼型跨音速特性的实验研究,验证了该翼型设计的压力分布曲线特点。激波位置和波后压力平台区长度表明设计结果和实验结果基本一致,揭示了超临界翼型跨音速的气动特性;阻力发散马赫数达到期望的设计指标,探讨了雷诺数对该翼型气动特性的影响。最后采用升华法实现了翼型表面流动特性的显示。结果表明转捩点约在16%弦长位置。     

一种新型转捩技术在跨音速风洞中的应用

针对传统金刚砂粗糙带在跨音速增压风洞实验中易脱落、随机误差大等问题,设计一种新型斑点型粗糙带,解决了大动压条件下,在模型表面实现固定转捩的问题。应用萘升华流动显示技术,分析了固定转捩和自由转捩条件下边界层变化情况;由测力实验得到GBM-01(AGARD-B)标准模型不同Ma数下的气动特性, 并与国外大风洞实验数据进行了比较。实验结果表明：新型斑点型粗糙带能够将层流边界层转变为湍流边界层,可以获得具有高雷诺数特点的数据,且强度高,是一种具有广阔应用前景的新型转捩技术。     

《力学学报》1993年分类目录

流体力振动翼型和襟翼的绕流特性研究…李锋超薄膜磁头滑块气动力特性............……饱和非饱和土壤中溶质运移的数值模拟……半浮区液桥热毛细对流速度场特征.....……浮体直棱角附近流场的奇异性.........……后向台阶湍流拟序结构的实验研究.....……Y型柱体绕流特性及风荷载.........……,…崔尔杰征宁孙秦学王保育汪翼云.....……傅仙罗邱克俭戚隆溪解京昌唐泽眉....……朱林生胡文瑞戴遗山连淇祥顾志福低超声速圆球绕流后体流场的数值模拟……昊应湘扰动本构方程及粘弹流体拉伸流动不稳定性...……高速二元柔壁自适应风洞消除三元…     

Two-dimensional wall adaption in the transonic windtunnel of the AIA

To demonstrate the flow quality of the AIA transonic windtunnel, the flow around a supercritical airfoil is investigated in the adaptive wall test section. The mechanism of the wall adaption is described. The convergence of one adaption cycle is shown by means of the wall contours as well as the wing surface pressures. The shape and pressure distribution of the adapted wall is compared with results obtained in the ONERA T2 windtunnel in Toulouse. That tunnel is equipped with an adaptive wall test section of nearly the same geometry.     

An experimental investigation of the static pressure fluctuation mechanism for porous transonic wind tunnel wall configurations

An experimental investigation of the static pressure fluctuation generation mechanism was performed for different transonic wind tunnel test section perforated wall configurations. Different hole diameters and geometrical configurations were investigated. Most tests were carried out with isolated perforations, while some were done with a three hole, 16° perforation pattern. To suppress the oscillation amplitudes generated by perforations, splitter-plates as flow conditioning devices along the perforations were implemented on a large number of perforated transonic test section wall samples. It was found that all the hole configurations tested, regardless of diameter or shape, resonate at discrete frequencies which order themselves along several modes.     

2-D/3-D finite-element solution of the steady Euler equations for transonic lifting flow by stream vector correction

In this paper we study the validation of the new formulation (potential-stream vector) of the steady Euler equations in 2-D/3-D transonic lifting regime flow. This approach, which is based on the Helmholtz decomposition of a velocity vector field, is designed to extend the potential approximation of Euler equations for severe situations such as high transonic or rotational subsonic flows. Different results computed by a fixed point algorithm on the stream vector correction are shown and discussed by comparing them with those obtained by the full potential approach.     

Experiments on transonic limit-cycle-flutter of a flexible swept wing

The aeroelastic behavior of wing models is nonlinear particularly in the transonic speed range. The interaction between aerodynamic and structural forces can lead to the occurrence of Limit-Cycle Oscillations (LCOs). If in addition the wing model is flexible and backward swept, the kinematic coupling between bending and torsion makes the situation even more complex.In the research project “Aerostabil” such a wing was investigated, which was equipped with pressure transducers in three sections and accelerometers. The experiments were performed in the adaptive test section of the transonic wind tunnel TWG in Göttingen. Already Dietz et al. (2003) have reported about experimental details and preliminary results. Based on these data Bendiksen (2008) studied numerically LCO-flutter behavior using a very similar, theoretical model (G-wing) and Stickan et al. (2014) used the original data as a LCO flutter test case. The influence of flexibility on the steady aerodynamics of the wing was described in Schewe & Mai (2018). In this paper now the flutter experiments with the same flexible model were analyzed systematically in the transonic range 0.84 <Ma <0.89 and for six angles of attack from 1.46°to 2.7°. Maps of stability, LCO amplitudes and instantaneous pressure distributions are presented. It was found that unstable regions are islands, whose extent depends on the angle of attack. A LCO test case, already treated in the literature is examined in more detail. The analysis of the time functions showed that during LCO-flutter the motion induced aerodynamic sectional lift forces particularly in the outer wing are asymmetric and thus acting as amplitude limiter. The reason for the asymmetry lies in the shock/boundary layer interaction. The test case, containing the stages of built-up and the transition to the limit cycle provides an excellent opportunity for improving our knowledge about LCOs and for code validation purposes.     

On Methods of Experimental Investigation of the Laminar-Turbulent Transition at Transonic Velocities

The results of an experimental investigation of the laminar-turbulent transition on a flat plate at transonic velocities, performed in a transonic wind tunnel, are presented. A comparative analysis of the transition data obtained by various methods is given.     

Further tests validating the adaptation process of the adaptive walls wind tunnel in Naples

The present work reports some experimental results from the adaptive walls wind tunnel in Naples and must be considered a logical step forward in validating the wall adaptation process of this tunnel. Two sets of new tests were made for evaluating the effects of wall adaptation: one on the location of laminar–turbulent transition and turbulent separation points, the other one on the measurement of aerodynamic forces and moments, taken by a strain gage balance. Up to now, aerodynamic forces and moments were evaluated by the integration of pressure distributions on the model surface. All results agree with the theory, and measurement of aerodynamic forces has also been partially validated. Using a balance proved to be a technical shortcoming in the testing device. Received: 5 September 2000/Accepted: 25 January 2001     

跨超声速风洞扩散段流动分离控制设计参数研究

为抑制跨超声速风洞扩散段的分离,提出了一种较为完备的设计方法。由于影响扩散段性能的参数较多,完全通过试验方法进行设计的成本过高,该方法通过数值模拟,结合适当的边界条件,详细描述了扩散段角度、分流锥角度与长度、孔板开孔率对扩散段性能的影响;从数值模拟的结果可以看出,孔板开孔率和扩开角对扩散段性能有显著影响,通过比较得出较为合理的参数匹配,提高了扩散段的防分离性能,并改善了出口气流质量。数值结果与试验结果结论一致,表明本文所用的方法用于扩散段气动设计是可行的,为数值模拟方法应用于风洞部段气动设计创造了一定的条件。