A Remark on З-Permutability of Finite Groups

Let З be a complete set of Sylow subgroups of a finite group G, that is, З contains exactly one and only one Sylow p-subgroup of G for each prime p. A subgroup of a finite group G is said to be З-permutable if it permutes with every member of З. Recently, using the Classification of Finite Simple Groups, Heliel, Li and Li proved tile following result： If the cyclic subgroups of prime order or order 4 iif p = 2） of every member of З are З-permutable subgroups in G, then G is supersolvable. In this paper, we give an elementary proof of this theorem and generalize it in terms of formation.     

On Two Theorems of Finite Solvable Groups

For a finite group G, let T（G） denote a set of primes such that a prime p belongs to T（G） if and only if p is a divisor of the index of some maximal subgroup of G. It is proved that if G satisfies any one of the following conditions： （1） G has a p-complement for each p∈T（G）; （2）│T（G）│= 2： （3） the normalizer of a Sylow p-subgroup of G has prime power index for each odd prime p∈T（G）; then G either is solvable or G/Sol（G）≌PSL（2, 7） where Sol（G） is the largest solvable normal subgroup of G.     

On maximal cyclic subgroups in finite p-groups

In this note we consider finite noncyclic p-groups G all of whose maximal cyclic subgroups X satisfy one of the following two properties. (a) If each subgroup H of G containing X properly is nonabelian, then p = 2 and G is generalized quaternion. (b) If X is contained in exactly one maximal subgroup of G, then G is metacyclic. This solves the problems Nr.1541 and Nr. 1594 from [1].     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-nilpotency and minimal subgroups of finite groups

We call a subgroup H of a finite group G c-supplemented in G if there exists a subgroup K of G such that G = HK and H ∩ K ⩽ core(H). In this paper it is proved that a finite group G is p-nilpotent if G is S ₄-free and every minimal subgroup of P ∩ G ^N is c-supplemented in N _G (P), and when p = 2 P is quaternion-free, where p is the smallest prime number dividing the order of G, P a Sylow p-subgroup of G. As some applications of this result, some known results are generalized.     

A Note on a Class of Factorized <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-Groups

In this note we study finite p-groups G = AB admitting a factorization by an Abelian subgroup A and a subgroup B. As a consequence of our results we prove that if B contains an Abelian subgroup of index p ⁿ⁻¹ then G has derived length at most 2n.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-groups having few almost-rational irreducible characters

We prove that a 2-group has exactly five rational irreducible characters if and only if it is dihedral, semidihedral or generalized quaternion. For an arbitrary prime p, we say that an irreducible character χ of a p-group G is “almost rational” if ℚ(χ) is contained in the cyclotomic field ℚ _p , and we write ar(G) to denote the number of almost-rational irreducible characters of G. For noncyclic p-groups, the two smallest possible values for ar(G) are p ² and p ² + p − 1, and we study p-groups G for which ar(G) is one of these two numbers. If ar(G) = p ² + p − 1, we say that G is “exceptional”. We show that for exceptional groups, |G: G′| = p ², and so the assertion about 2-groups with which we began follows from this. We show also that for each prime p, there are exceptional p-groups of arbitrarily large order, and for p ≥ 5, there is a pro-p-group with the property that all of its finite homomorphic images of order at least p ³ are exceptional.     

On permutable subgroups of finite groups

Let \frak Z \frak Z be a complete set of Sylow subgroups of a finite group G, that is, for each prime p dividing the order of G, \frak Z \frak Z contains exactly one and only one Sylow p-subgroup of G. A subgroup H of a finite group G is said to be \frak Z \frak Z -permutable if H permutes with every member of \frak Z \frak Z . The purpose here is to study the influence of \frak Z \frak Z -permutability of some subgroups on the structure of finite groups. Some recent results are generalized.     

A covering subgroup system for the class of <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-nilpotent groups

Let ℱ be a class of groups and let G be a finite group. We call a set Σ of subgroups of G a covering subgroup system of G for ℱ (or directly an ℱ-covering subgroup system of G) if G ∈ ℱ whenever every subgroup in Σ is in ℱ. We give some covering subgroup systems for the class of all p-nilpotent groups.     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>-normal maximal and minimal subgroups of Sylow <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-subgroups of finite groups

A subgroup H of a finite group G is called c-normal in G if there exists a normal subgroup N of G such that G = HN and $H \cap N \leq H_{G} = {\rm core}_{G}(H)$. In this paper, we investigate the class of groups of which every maximal subgroup of its Sylow p-subgroup is c-normal and the class of groups of which some minimal subgroups of its Sylow p-subgroup is c-normal for some prime number p. Some interesting results are obtained and consequently, many known results related to p-nilpotent groups and p-supersolvable groups are generalized.     

Unit Groups of Integral Finite Group Rings with No Noncyclic Abelian Finite p-Subgroups

It is shown that in the units of augmentation one of an integral group ring ? G of a finite group G, a noncyclic subgroup of order p ², for some odd prime p, exists only if such a subgroup exists in G. The corresponding statement for p = 2 holds by the Brauer–Suzuki theorem, as recently observed by Kimmerle.     

On <Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis>-semipermutable subgroups of finite groups and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-nilpotency

A subgroup H of a group is said to be s-semipermutable in G if it is permutable with every Sylow p-subgroup of G with (p, |H|) = 1. Using the concept of s-semipermutable subgroups, some new characterizations of p-nilpotent groups are obtained and several results are generalized.     

Connected components of the category of elementary abelian p-subgroups

We determine the maximal number of conjugacy classes of maximal elementary abelian subgroups of rank 2 in a finite p-group G, for an odd prime p. Namely, it is p if G has rank at least 3 and it is p+1 if G has rank 2. More precisely, if G has rank 2, there are exactly 1,2,p+1, or possibly 3 classes for some 3-groups of maximal nilpotency class.     

Permutability of minimal subgroups and<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-nilpotency of finite groups

In this paper it is proved that ifp is a prime dividing the order of a groupG with (|G|,p − 1) = 1 andP a Sylowp-subgroup ofG, thenG isp-nilpotent if every subgroup ofP ∩G ^N of orderp is permutable inN _G (P) and whenp = 2 either every cyclic subgroup ofP ∩G ^N of order 4 is permutable inN _G (P) orP is quaternion-free. Some applications of this result are given. The research of the first author is supported by a grant of Shanxi University and a research grant of Shanxi Province, PR China. The research of the second author is partially supported by a UGC(HK) grant #2160126 (1999/2000).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">c</Emphasis>*-Supplemented subgroups and <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-nilpotency of finite groups

A subgroup H of a finite group G is said to be c*-supplemented in G if there exists a subgroup K such that G = HK and H ⋂ K is permutable in G. It is proved that a finite group G that is S ₄-free is p-nilpotent if N _G (P) is p-nilpotent and, for all x ∈ G\N _G (P), every minimal subgroup of is c*-supplemented in P and (if p = 2) one of the following conditions is satisfied: (a) every cyclic subgroup of of order 4 is c*-supplemented in P, (b) , (c) P is quaternion-free, where P a Sylow p-subgroup of G and is the p-nilpotent residual of G. This extends and improves some known results. Published in Ukrains’kyi Matematychnyi Zhurnal, Vol. 59, No. 8, pp. 1011–1019, August, 2007.     

On subgroups of finite <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-groups

In §2, we prove that if a 2-group G and all its nonabelian maximal sub-groups are two-generator, then G is either metacyclic or minimal non-abelian. In §3, we consider a similar question for p > 2. In §4 the 2-groups all of whose minimal nonabelian subgroups have order 16 and a cyclic subgroup of index 2, are classified. It is proved, in §5, that if G is a nonmetacyclic two-generator 2-group and A, B, C are all its maximal subgroups with d(A) ≤ d(B) ≤ d(C), then d(C) = 3 and either d(A) = d(B) = 3 (this occurs if and only if G/G′ has no cyclic subgroup of index 2) or else d(A) = d(B) = 2. Some information on the last case is obtained in Theorem 5.3.     

The influence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">X</Emphasis>-semipermutability of subgroups on the structure of finite groups

Let A be a subgroup of a group G and X be a nonempty subset of G. A is said to be X-semipermutable in G if A has a supplement T in G such that A is X-permutable with every subgroup of T. In this paper, we investigate further the influence of X-semipermutability of some subgroups on the structure of finite groups. Some new criteria for a group G to be supersoluble or p-nilpotent are obtained. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10771172, 10771180)     

On group stable commutative separable semisimple subalgebras

In a G-algebra A of a p-group G over a perfect ground field there is a commutative separable semisimple G-subalgebra such that any traces on relative projectivity in A can be controlled in the subalgebra; and in a residually central sense, the maximal such subalgebras form exactly one -conjugacy class. Applying to modules, the induced module of an indecomposable module of a subnormal subgroup of p- primary index is characterized. Received: 13 April 2002 / Published online: 2 December 2002     

Finite groups with some primary subgroups <Emphasis Type="Italic">SS</Emphasis>-quasinormally embedded

A subgroup of H of a group G is called ss-quasinormally embedded in G if there exists a subgroup T of G such that G = HT and H ∩ T is squasinormally embedded in G. In this paper, we shall obtain some characterizations about p-nilpotency of G by assuming that some subgroups of prime power order of G are ss-quasinormally embedded in G.     

On the n-minimal subgroups

Let G be a finite group and n be a positive integer. An n-minimal subgroup H of G is called to be exactly n-minimal if no proper subgroup of H is n-minimal. In this paper, we study the solvability of G under the assumption that all exactly n-minimal subgroups of G are S-permutable.     

On purifiable subgroups in arbitrary abelian groups

We determine the structure of a p-pure[pure] hull of a p-purifiable [purifiable] subgroup of an arbitrary abelian group. Moreover, we prove that a subgroup A of an abelian group G is purifiable in G if and only if A is p-purifiable in G for every prime p. Using these results, we characterize the groups G for which all subgroups are purifiable in G. Furthermore, we establish several properties of purifiable subgroups.