BiScO3: centrosymmetric BiMnO3-type oxide

With neutron powder diffraction, electron diffraction, and second-harmonic generation, we have shown that BiScO3 has a structure closely related to that of multiferroic BiMnO3, but BiScO3 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group of C2/c. These results bring up a question about the origin of ferroelectricity in BiMnO3. BiScO3 may serve as a model system to understand the role of Mn3+ ions in the ferroelectricity of BiMnO3.     

Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over zeolite catalysts: A review

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x by NH₃ is one of the most mature technologies for NO_x treatment. Catalysts are the main factors affecting denitrification efficiency. Zeolites as low-temperature NH₃-SCR catalysts have been extensively studied in the past few years. In this work, the mechanism of zeolites for NH₃-SCR reaction was reviewed and the denitrification performances of zeolite catalysts prepared by different methods were compared. The effects of sulfur and water poisoning on zeolite catalysts in NH₃-SCR reaction were also analyzed. Several ways to address the problems in low-temperature NH₃-SCR reaction were discussed. Hopefully, this review could provide a fundamental understanding of SCR reaction on zeolite catalysts and pave the way toward similar studies to realize its commercial applications.     

Magnetic properties of BiMnO3 studied with Dc and Ac magnetization and specific heat

Magnetic and specific heat measurements were performed in a single-phased powder BiMnO3 sample prepared at 6 GPa and 1383 K. The imaginary part of the ac susceptibilities showed strong frequency dependence below the ferromagnetic Curie temperature of 98 K. The relaxation measurements revealed time-dependent magnetic properties below 98 K. These data indicate the appearance of a "spin-glass-like" state in BiMnO3. Specific heat measurements showed the existence of ferromagnetic spin waves. However, no simple term Cm [directly proportional] T3/2 was found indicating an unconventional behavior of the magnetic specific heat. The Debye temperature was estimated to be 410 K using isostructural compounds BiScO3 and BiCrO3.     

Origin of the monoclinic-to-monoclinic phase transition and evidence for the centrosymmetric crystal structure of BiMnO3

Structural properties of polycrystalline single-phased BiMnO3 samples prepared at 6 GPa and 1383 K have been studied by selected area electron diffraction (SAED), convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED), and the Rietveld method using neutron diffraction data measured at 300 and 550 K. The SAED and CBED data showed that BiMnO3 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group C2/c at 300 K. The crystallographic data are a = 9.5415(2) A, b = 5.61263(8) A, c = 9.8632(2) A, beta = 110.6584(12) degrees at 300 K and a = 9.5866(3) A, b = 5.59903(15) A, c = 9.7427(3) A, beta = 108.601(2) degrees at 550 K, Z = 8, space group C2/c. The analysis of Mn-O bond lengths suggested that the orbital order present in BiMnO3 at 300 K melts above TOO = 474 K. The phase transition at 474 K is of the first order and accompanied by a jump of magnetization and small changes of the effective magnetic moment and Weiss temperature, mueff = 4.69 microB and theta = 138.0 K at 300-450 K and mueff = 4.79 microB and theta = 132.6 K at 480-600 K.     

Low-temperature Growth of Single-crystal SrCO3 Nanoneedles

Owing to the important role of dimensionality in the properties of nanomaterials, various types of 1D nanostructured materials, including metals and alloys, inorganic oxides, inorganic salts and polymers have been synthesized and their novel properties were also extensively studied in the recent years1-5. Various preparation methods towards diverse 1D-nanomaterials, including templating methods, catalytic growth, electrochemistry, chemical vapor deposition, solution-based solvothermal treatmen…     

Low-temperature hydride reduction of (3<Emphasis Type=Italic>R</Emphasis>)-carvomentholactone

Low-temperature (–70°C) reduction of (3R)-carvomentholactone by diisobutylaluminum hydride in methylenechloride was studied.     

Kinetic study of carbothermal reduction of zirconia under vacuum condition

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - In this research, formation mechanism and kinetics of vacuum carbothermal synthesis of zirconium carbide using zirconium acetate and sucrose are...     

Low-temperature Ce3+ luminescence in CsCdBr3 crystals

Ce³⁺-doped CsCdBr₃ shows several Ce³⁺ emissions due to a diversity of luminescent centers. The nature of these centers is discussed.     

Study of nanocrystalline BiMnO3-PbTiO3: synthesis, structural elucidation, and magnetic characterization of the whole solid solution

In the last ten years, the study and the search for new multiferroic materials have been a major challenge due to their potential applications in electronic technology. In this way, bismuth-containing perovskites (BiMO(3)), and particularly those in which the metal?M position is occupied by a magnetically active cation, have been extensively investigated as possible multiferroic materials. From the point of view of synthesis, only a few of the possible bismuth-containing perovskites can be prepared by conventional methods but at high pressures. Herein, the preparation of one of these potential multiferroic systems, the solid solution xBiMnO(3)-(1-x)PbTiO(3) by mechanosynthesis is reported. Note that this synthetic method allows the oxides with high x values, and more particularly the BiMnO(3) phase, to be obtained as nanocrystalline phases, in a single step and at room temperature without the application of external pressure. These results confirm that, in the case of Bi perovskites, mechanosynthesis is a good alternative to high-pressure synthesis. These materials have been studied from the point of view of their structural characteristics by precession electron diffraction and magnetic property measurements.     

Low-temperature reduction of silver(I) oxide particles with long chain alcohol

The mechanism of reducing silver(I) oxide particles to silver metals was studied using myristyl alcohol as a reducing agent. The reduction temperature of silver oxide with myristyl alcohol decreased to 150 °C from the temperature of silver oxide in air, 400 °C. The reduction temperature was decreased by myristyl alcohol reacting with silver oxide, which was confirmed by our reaction equation model obtained by gas chromatography determination, pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and Karl Fischer titration. An endothermic of 153.7 kJ mol^?1 in the reduction of silver oxide with myristyl alcohol calculated from the reaction model using Hess’s law was coincident with that obtained experimentally by differential scanning calorimetry measurements.     

Low-temperature reduction of NO(2) on oxidized Mo(110)

The reactions of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) were investigated on oxidized Mo(110) containing both chemisorbed oxygen and a thin film oxide. NO(2) reacts on both oxidized Mo(110) surfaces via a combination of reversible adsorption and reduction to NO, N(2), and trace amounts of N(2)O below 200 K. On the surface containing chemisorbed O, there is some complete dissociation of NO(2) to yield N(a) and O(a). N(2) forms at high temperatures through atom combination. On both surfaces, NO is the predominant product of NO(2) reduction. However, the chemisorbed layer which has a low oxidation state, and hence a greater capacity to accept oxygen, more effectively reduces NO(2). The selectivity for N(2) formation over N(2)O is greater for NO(2) as compared with NO on both surfaces studied. The selectivity changes are largely attributed to an increase in the concentration of Mo=O species and a change in the distribution of oxygen on the surface. Notably, more oxygen, in particular Mo=O moieties, is deposited by NO(2) reaction than by O(2) reaction, indicating that NO(2) is a stronger oxidant. The fact that there are several N-containing species on the surface at low temperatures may also affect the product distribution. On both surfaces, N(2)O(4), NO(2), and NO are identified by infrared spectroscopy upon adsorption at 100 K. All N(2)O(4) desorbs by 200 K, leaving only NO(2) and NO on the surface. Infrared spectroscopy of NO(2) on (18)O-labeled surfaces provides evidence for oxygen transfer or exchange between different types of sites even at low temperatures.     

Low-temperature copper hydrosilicates: catalysts for reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with molecular hydrogen

Russian Chemical Bulletin - The catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrogen was carried out for the first time over low-temperature copper hydrosilicates synthesized at...     

沥青基球状活性炭担载尿素用于NO2的低温选择性催化还原行为研究

将作为还原剂的尿素担载于沥青基球状活性炭(PSAC)上研究了NO₂的低温选择性催化还原(SCR)反应。结果表明,PSAC上尿素担载量的提高可以增大NO₂与尿素的反应几率;当尿素担载量由8%提高到30%时,SCR反应脱硝活性显著提高,脱硝时间相应延长。在30~90℃,升高反应温度会减小NO₂在PSAC表面的吸附量,从而导致NO_x的脱除量减小。增加反应气氛中NO₂和O₂的浓度均有利于脱硝活性的提高,但当O₂进料浓度大于9%时,继续增加O₂进料浓度对脱硝活性的改善作用变得微弱。降低空速有利于提高脱硝活性和延长脱硝时间。当反应温度为30℃、空速为2000h^-1、NO₂和O₂的进料浓度分别为0.05%和21%时,尿素担载量为8%的PSAC可在49h内实现85%以上的NO_x转化率。     

Study of Nanocrystalline BiMnO3‐‐PbTiO3: Synthesis,Structural Elucidation,and Magnetic Characterization of the Whole Solid Solution

In the last ten years, the study and the search for new multiferroic materials have been a major challenge due to their potential applications in electronic technology. In this way, bismuth‐containing perovskites (BiMO₃), and particularly those in which the metal M position is occupied by a magnetically active cation, have been extensively investigated as possible multiferroic materials. From the point of view of synthesis, only a few of the possible bismuth‐containing perovskites can be prepared by conventional methods but at high pressures. Herein, the preparation of one of these potential multiferroic systems, the solid solution xBiMnO₃‐(1?x)PbTiO₃ by mechanosynthesis is reported. Note that this synthetic method allows the oxides with high x values, and more particularly the BiMnO₃ phase, to be obtained as nanocrystalline phases, in a single step and at room temperature without the application of external pressure. These results confirm that, in the case of Bi perovskites, mechanosynthesis is a good alternative to high‐pressure synthesis. These materials have been studied from the point of view of their structural characteristics by precession electron diffraction and magnetic property measurements.     

Electrolytic reduction of 3-carbethoxyquinoline

Two well-defined one-electron waves are observed on the polarograms for the reduction of 3-carbethoxyquinoline in 95% aqueous ethanol containing 1 M ammonium acetate. During macroscate electrolysis at a potential on the plateau of either wave, the ratio of the heights of the waves remains equal to one. Polarographic and voltammetric evidence is presented that the first wave represents a reversible one-electron reduction to a radical which rapidly dimerizes; and the second wave represents an irreversible one-electron reduction of the initially formed radical. The reduction mechanism suggested by the electrochemical evidence is verified by the isolation of dimeric products from controlled-potential electrolysis at the top of the first wave and the isolation of 1,4-dihydro-3-carbethoxyquinoline at the top of the second wave. The chemical characteristics of the dimeric products are discussed.     

低温合成四方相BaTiO3及其压电催化性能

基于淀粉糊化机制低温合成了四方相BaTiO₃粉体。采用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱对合成粉体的形貌、物相进行表征;在超声条件下,以系列典型染料为降解对象测试BaTiO₃压电催化性能。结果显示,煅烧温度为600℃时即可获得四方相BaTiO₃粉体,且随着温度的提升,结晶度逐渐增加;当煅烧温度为700℃时,合成的BaTiO₃粉体尺寸分布均匀,分散度良好,呈现类立方体状;在超声驱动下,BaTiO₃降解罗丹明B、刚果红、甲基橙染料时均展现出良好的效果,反应速率常数分别为1.090×10^-2、1.113×10^-2、1.084×10^-2 min^-1,并以降解刚果红为对象揭示其压电催化的机理,即空穴和超氧自由基是降解过程中的主要反应物质。     

2-碘-3-硝基甲苯的低温热容和热力学性质

通过精密自动绝热热量计测定了2-碘-3-硝基甲苯(C~7H~6INO~2)在79～373K温区的摩尔热容。实验结果表明,这个化合物在331～340K温度区间有一个固-液熔化相变,其熔化温度、摩尔熔化焓、摩尔熔化熵以及该样品的化学纯度分别为：(339.311±0.13)J·mol^-^1·K^-^1和99.73%。用热容多项式议程进行数值积分获得了该物质在298.15～370K温区每隔5K的热力学函数值。用DSC分析对它的固-液相变过程作了进一步的研究。