Mesons, baryons and waves in the baby Skyrmion model

We study various classical solutions of the baby-Skyrmion model in (2+1) dimensions. We point out the existence of higher energy states, interpret them as resonances of Skyrmions and anti-Skyrmions and study their decays. Most of the discussion involves a highly exited Skyrmion-like state with winding number one which decays into an ordinary Skyrmion and a Skyrmion-anti-Skyrmion pair. We also study wave-like solutions of the model and show that some of such solutions can be constructed from the solutions of the sine-Gordon equation. We also show that the baby-Skyrmion model has non-topological stationary solutions. We study their interactions with Skyrmions.     

Measurement of the wrong-sign decays D0 --> K+ pi- pi0 and D0 --> K+ pi- pi+ pi-, and search for CP violation

Using 281 fb-1 of data from the Belle experiment recorded at or near the (4S) resonance, we have measured the rates of the "wrong-sign" decays D0 --> K+ pi- pi0 and D0 --> K+ pi- pi+ pi- relative to those of the Cabibbo-favored decays D0 --> K- pi+ pi0 and D0 --> K- pi+ pi+ pi-. These wrong-sign decays proceed via a doubly Cabibbo-suppressed amplitude or via D0-D0 mixing; the latter has not yet been observed. We obtain R(WS)(K pi pi0) = [0.229 +/- 0.015(stat)(+0.013)(-0.009)(syst)]% and R(WS)(K3pi) = [0.320 +/- 0.018(stat)(+0.018)(0.013)(syst)]%. The CP asymmetries are measured to be -0.006 +/- 0.053 and -0.018 +/- 0.044 for the K+ pi- pi0 and K+ pi- pi+ pi- final states, respectively.     

Rare radiative leptonic decays <Emphasis Type="Italic">B</Emphasis><Stack><Subscript>d,s</Subscript><Superscript>0</Superscript></Stack> → ℓ<Superscript>+</Superscript>ℓ<Superscript>−</Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">γ</Emphasis>

The rare radiative leptonic decays \(\bar B_{d,s}^0 \to \ell ^ + \ell ^ - \gamma \) are studied. The contributions to the respective amplitude from the emission of photons from the quark loop, bremsstrahlung from leptons, and weak-annihilation effects are taken into account in relevant calculations. Results are presented for the partial widths and distributions of leptons in the final state. It is shown that the previously disregarded contributions of vector resonances associated with virtual-photon emission from the light valence quark of the B meson have a significant effect on the mass spectra of dileptons.     

Molecular frame photoelectron emission in the presence of autoionizing resonances

We have measured the angular distribution of valence-shell photoelectrons excited by circularly polarized light from fixed-in-space N2O molecules, near to and on top of resonances due to Rydberg states embedded in the ionization continuum. The sign of the circular dichroism for ionization into the N2O+ (B2Pi, (1pi)-1) state is reversed on top of the lowest dominant resonances. Measured angular distributions are well predicted by state-of-the-art multichannel configuration interaction calculations. The change in sign of the circular dichroism at the peak of the resonance is the result of a rapid change in the phases of resonant dipole matrix elements by a factor of 2pi as the energy is scanned across the resonance.     

Final states in non-leptonic bottom meson decays

We use Isospin-Statistical Models to study many body final states in the non-leptonic decays of bottom mesons in the framework of the Kobayashi-Maskawa weak current. Estimates of charge multiplicities, branching ratios and inclusive hadron momentum distributions are presented.     

High-Order Resonances in the Water Molecule

The water-vapor spectra in the near-infrared and visible region were reanalyzed with the purpose of finding experimental evidences of unusual high-order resonance between "dark" high-bending and "bright" stretch vibration states. About 70 transitions to the (050), (060), (070), (080), (160), (061), (170), (071), and, even (0 10 0) bending states, and their resonating partners were assigned in the spectra that gives the experimental energy levels lying near or above the potential energy barrier to linearity. The assignments were confirmed by combination differences and simultaneous observation of both perturbed and perturbing levels. It was found that the high-order resonances with large changing of vibration quantum numbers are typical for the water molecule and they are caused by the strong centrifugal distortion near the linear configuration. These resonances destroy the usual polyad scheme originating from well-known Coriolis, Darling-Dennison, and Fermi resonances in H(2)O molecule. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.     

Excited levels and isobaric analogue states in55Co investigated with the54Fe(p, γ)55Co reaction

The yield curve for the⁵⁴Fe(p, γ)⁵⁵Co reaction in the energy regionE _p=1.5–2.9 MeV has been recorded and the decay of ten resonances has been investigated. For six of the resonances the strengths have been determined. The angular distributions of the gamma rays have been recorded for four resonances to obtain spins or spin limitations for excited levels. In addition the lifetimes of 10 bound levels were determined with the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method. The isobaric analogues of the ground state and five excited states in⁵⁵Fe are discussed.     

Study of charm production in Z decays

The production rates of , , , , , and in decays are measured using the LEP I data sample recorded by the ALEPH detector. The fractional energy spectrum of the is well described as the sum of three contributions: charm hadronisation, b hadron decays and gluon splitting into a pair of heavy quarks. The probability for a c quark to hadronise into a is found to be . The average fraction of the beam energy carried by mesons in events is measured to be The energy and the hemisphere mass imbalance distributions are simultaneously used to measure the fraction of hadronic Z decays in which a gluon splits to a pair: The ratio of the Vector/(Vector+Pseudoscalar) production rates in charmed mesons is found to be . The fractional decay width of the Z into pairs is determined from the sum of the production rates for various weakly decaying charmed states to be Received: 21 September 1999 / Published online: 8 June 2000     

Rare decay modes of fission fragments

The experimental data on rare modes of radioactive decay of fission fragments is reviewed. These decay modes are due to a large excess of neutrons and a high energy of β decay fragments. They appear in delayed emission of various particles after the β decay (several neutrons, α particles, or heavy clusters) and excitation of unusual states (giant multipole resonances and shape isomers). The β decay and internal conversion of γ radiation into bound states of the atomic electron shell and their influence on the probability of secondary particle emission are considered. The possibility is discussed of observing decays that have not yet been experimentally detected, but theoretically predicted, as well as information on the nuclear structure obtained by studying such decay modes.     

Multichannel calculation of D*s vector states and the D+sJ(2632) resonance

We study bound states below threshold and resonances above threshold in the D0K+ and D(+)(s)eta systems, using a many-coupled-channel model for nonexotic meson-meson scattering applied to states with the quantum numbers of cs quark-antiquark vector mesons. We fit the ground state at 2.112 GeV, whence the lowest resonances in D0K+ come out at 2.61, 2.72, 3.03, and 3.08 GeV. The resonance at 2.61 GeV acquires a width of about 8 MeV, while its partial P wave cross section is up to 6 times larger in D(s)eta than in D0K+, provided a mechanism accounting for Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka-forbidden decays is included. The latter finding is in agreement with the observations of the SELEX Collaboration with respect to the recently reported D(+)(sJ)(2632) resonance. Therefore, we conclude that the D(+)(sJ)(2632) is probably the first recurrence of the D(*)(s)(2112) meson.     

Semileptonic decays of heavy quarks in quantum chromodynamics

We investigate the semileptonic decays of heavy quarks in the leading non-trivial order in quantum chromodynamics. Effects of gluon corrections and the initial quark Fermi motion on the semileptonic rates and decay distributions are calculated. The resulting lepton energy spectrum for the charm semileptonic decay is compared with data to extract the mass of the charm quark. This is combined with the semileptonic branching ratio to predict the charm-quark lifetime. We find the lepton energy spectrum very stable with respect to gluon corrections. Expected spectra from the semileptonic decays of bottom and top quarks are presented. We also study the semileptonic decay process Q → q?v_? + G, involving the emission of a single hard non-collinear gluon. This process should be observable with a branching ratio of a few percent in the decays of top (and heavier) quarks.     

Transverse momentum distributions of neutral pions from nuclear collisions at 200 AGeV

New results on transverse mass spectra of neutral pions measured at central rapidity are presented for impact parameter selected 200 GeV S + S and S + Au collisions. The distributions cover more than 8 orders of magnitude in cross section over the range . Detailed comparisons to results from pp collisions are made. The spectra from all systems show a clear power-law like shape with similar curvature. Collisions of S + Au exhibit a larger mean transverse momentum than pp increasing with centrality. Predictions of string models and by hydrodynamic approaches including collective expansion and decays of short lived resonances are compared to the data and the implications are discussed. Received: 10 March 1998 / Revised version: 22 May 1998 / Published online: 12 August 1998     

Physics program of open charm and heavy c(c-) states at the BES-Ⅲ experiment

We present the physics program of the open charm and heavy c(c-)states above the D(D-)production energy threshold,which will be studied with the BES-Ⅲ detector at the BEPC-Ⅱ collider in the coming years.Based on some full Monte Carlo simulations with the BES-Ⅲ detector,we predict the accuracy levels on measuring some physical quantities related to D0,D+and D+s decays as well as some non-charmed decays of the heavy c(c-)states.     

Measurement of polarization and triple-product correlations in B-->phiK* decays

We present measurements of decay amplitudes and triple-product correlations in B-->phiK* decays based on 253 fb(-1) of data recorded at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB e(+)e(-) storage ring. The decay amplitudes for the three different helicity states are determined from the angular distributions of final-state particles. The longitudinal polarization amplitudes are found to be 0.45 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.02 for B0-->phiK(*0) and 0.52 +/- 0.08 +/- 0.03 for B+ -->phiK(*+) decays. CP- and T-odd CP-violating triple-product asymmetries are measured to be consistent with zero.     

Floating and sinking: the imprint of massive scalars around rotating black holes

We study the coupling of massive scalar fields to matter in orbit around rotating black holes. It is generally expected that orbiting bodies will lose energy in gravitational waves, slowly inspiraling into the black hole. Instead, we show that the coupling of the field to matter leads to a surprising effect: because of superradiance, matter can hover into "floating orbits" for which the net gravitational energy loss at infinity is entirely provided by the black hole's rotational energy. Orbiting bodies remain floating until they extract sufficient angular momentum from the black hole, or until perturbations or nonlinear effects disrupt the orbit. For slowly rotating and nonrotating black holes floating orbits are unlikely to exist, but resonances at orbital frequencies corresponding to quasibound states of the scalar field can speed up the inspiral, so that the orbiting body sinks. These effects could be a smoking gun of deviations from general relativity.     

Production of orbitally excited charm mesons in semileptonic B decays

A sample of 3.6 million hadronic Z decays recorded between 1991 and 1995 with the ALEPH detector at LEP is used to investigate semileptonic decays of B mesons into final states involving orbitally excited charm mesons. Topological vertex criteria are used to search for decays involving narrow D** states as well as wide D** resonances and non-resonant D(*)π final states. The sum of the branching ratios for these processes is measured to be ${? Br}({?erline {? B}}?ghtarrow {? D}? ?l^{-}{?erline v}) + {? Br}({?erline {? B}}?ghtarrow {? D}^{?t}? ?l^{-}{?erline v})?op =(2.26 pm 0.29({? stat}) pm 0.33({? syst}))%,$which accounts for a significant fraction of the deficit between inclusive measurements and the sum of exclusive semileptonic B decay modes.     

The structure of 32S I. Spectroscopy of highly-excited states

Assignments of I, π, T are made to 30 levels in ³²S between 7.35 and 11.76 MeV excitation energy, making the spectroscopy of the T= 0 states rather complete up to 10 MeV and that of the T = 1 states up to 12 MeV. A reassessment of existing data in the light of the new results clarifies the spectrum of I ^π = 1⁺, T = 1 states up to 15 MeV excitation energy. High-spin states (I = 52 - 7) below 10 MeV excitation energy have been investigated by n t γ angular-correlation measurements with the ²⁹Si(α, nγ) reaction at E _α 14.4 MeV. Five g-wave resonances of the ³¹P(p, γ) reaction, leading to the formation of I _π + 4⁺, 5⁺ states in ³²S, have been identified between 10 and 12 MeV excitation energy. The spectrum of T = 1 states between 10.7 and 12 MeV, has been investigated by measurements of γ-ray angular distributions on resonances of the ³¹P(p, γ) reaction and by measurements of resonance strengths. Several ³²S levels between 7.35 and 8.75 MeV excitation energy were studied as final states in resonance decays. Finally a search was performed for I ^π = 0⁺ resonances of the ²⁸Si(α, γ) reaction.     

Particle decay of resonant state generated by direct reaction

A framework is presented for studying two step reactions illustrated byA+a→B ^*+b, B^*→C+c. In the first step, a direct reaction excites a resonant state (e.g., giant resonances or isobaric analog resonances), which decays by a particle emission in the second step. Feshbach's projection operator method is used to obtain a reaction amplitude, which consists of a compound part and a direct part. The latter corresponds to a knock-out process when the direct reaction is inelastic scattering. A compound part includes contributions from the direct decay of doorway states as well as the multistep decay. The statistical theory of precompound reactions is applied to this multistep decay and an explicit expression is given for the cross section.