电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定多种中药材中十六种稀土元素的研究

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定中药材中16种稀土元素的分析方法。采用微波消解对样品进行前处理,以115In作为内标消除基体干扰。16种稀土元素方法检出限为0.50~8.63μg/kg,在高、中、低3个添加水平下,平均回收率为70.5%~105.8%,相对标准偏差为0.6%~14.0%(n=8)。该方法可用于根茎类、叶类、花类、果实及种子类、全草类和皮类等多种中药材中16种稀土元素含量的测定。     

海南产与市售六种中药材中重金属含量的比较研究

用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定了海南产与市售六种中药材中 (益智、槟榔、胡椒、广藿香、丁香及肉豆蔻 )的铜、铅、镉含量 ,用氢化物原子荧光法测定了其中砷、汞含量。通过对海南与市售六种中药材中铜、铅、镉、砷及汞五种重金属元素含量的比较研究 ,说明海南生态环境优良 ,是实现中药材GAP种植 ,生产绿色中药材的最佳环境     

提取对中药材中金属元素含量的影响

中药材中常因含有一定量的重金属元素而使其质量受到影响。采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定几种常用中药材提取前后金属元素铜、铅、镉、锰、锌、铁的含量变化。结果表明,大部分中药材提取后金属元素含量均有不同程度的下降,这为去除中药材中的铅、铜等重金属提供了参考依据。     

植物类中药材及饮片中18种重金属及有害元素研究

建立植物类中药材及饮片中铅、镉、总砷、总汞、铜、锑、锡、铬、镍、钡、锰、铊、银、铍、镝、铝、硒、钼共18种重金属及有害元素含量的检测方法和限量。样品经微波消解处理后,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对100批植物类中药材中的重金属及有害元素进行测定和方法研究。各元素线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.999 5,方法检出限为0.000 22~0.023 0 mg/kg,回收率为90.2%~108.7%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~4.9%。该方法准确、简便、灵敏,可为植物类中药材中重金属及有害元素的检测与控制提供方法参考。     

微波消解-ICP-MS测定中药材中5种有害元素的研究

比较了密闭容器消解、微波消解两种消解方法的消解效果,并建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定中药材(CTM)中铜砷镉汞铅等5种有害元素含量的分析方法,对各元素的线性关系良好(r=0.9998~1.0000),检出限为0.005μg/g(Hg)~0.056μg/g(Cu),标准物测定回收率均在84.2%~101%,因其低检出限、高灵敏度,本方法能满足中药材样品质量控制中5种有害元素的测定要求。另外利用本方法对24种中药材中5种有害元素含量进行了测定,结果表明中药材中有害元素含量超标问题严重,必须在生产过程中予以重视。     

微波消解样品-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定双黄连口服液及其药材中重金属元素

双黄连口服液及其中药材金银花、连翘和黄芩苷样品用硝酸-过氧化氢(3+1)混合溶液浸泡过夜,微波消解。并用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)测定了铅、镉、铬、铜、铁和锌的含量。磷酸二氢铵、8-羟基喹啉和硒(Ⅱ)分别被用作测定铅,镉,铜和铁、铬以及锌的基体改进剂。在优化的试验条件下,方法的回收率在90.4%～106.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.8%～4.6%之间。试验结果表明,双黄连口服液及其中药材中铁、锌、铜的含量较为丰富,铅和镉含量低于"药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准"。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测大沂河水体的重金属含量

采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了山东省曲阜市大沂河水体的重金属铜、铅、镉、锌含量。结果表明,大沂河水体中铜、铅、镉、锌的最高含量分别为0.018,0.230,0.176,0.490mg/L,其中铅和镉的含量超过国家Ⅴ类水标准。     

通草类中药微量元素的主成分分析和聚类分析

探讨通草类中药材中微量元素含量与其功效间的相关性。以微量元素含量为指标,运用主成分分析和聚类分析对11种通草类中药的微量元素进行分析。主成分分析结果表明前3个主因子含有通草类中药材微量元素含量84.50%的信息。利用3个主因子模型和聚类分析谱图,解释了11种通草类中药中药的相似性与差异。利用主成分分析和聚类分析法初步得出11种通草类中药的微量元素与其功效存在相关性,为该类中草药的开发利用提供了科学依据和理论基础。     

测定有害元素铅在药品检验中的意义

近年来铅污染的危害，已起人们的广泛关注和重视。药品中铅的有效控制尤为重要，本文探讨了中国药典中铅的限量检测方法以及测定西药和中药材中铅的意义。     

微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收法测定药食两用中药材中的铅

建立测定药食两用中药材中铅含量的微波消解–石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析方法。样品经微波消解后,以2%磷酸二氢铵为基体改进剂,用石墨炉原子吸收法测定药食两用中药材中的铅含量。在2~40μg/L范围内,铅的质量浓度与吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r大于0.999,检出限为5μg/kg。加标回收率为94.0%~105.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于5.0%(n=6)。该方法操作简便快速,准确度较高,基体干扰小,适合药食两用中药材中铅的检测。     

Analysis of menthol in three traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and their compound formulation by GC-MS

A GC-MS method was developed for identification and determination of menthol in three traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and their compound formulation, a granule for treating colds. Volatile oil was simultaneously distilled and extracted into ethyl ether in a unique glass extractor. The separation was performed on an HP-5 MS column. The standard addition method was used for quantitative determination of menthol content in herbal materials and in the granule. A component in the samples was chosen as the internal standard. The contents were calculated with the ratio of peak area percentage. Menthol was identified as the main component in Mentha haplocalyx Briq., and also existed in spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., Folium perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. and granules. The quantitative calibration range was 0.21-10.5 mg/mL. Good precision was demonstrated by an RSD < 4.0%. The mean content of menthol in Mentha haplocalyx Briq., spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., Folium perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. and granules was 121, 0.234, 1.03 and 1.84 mg/kg respectively.     

原子吸收光谱法测定大承气颗粒剂中砷铅镉铬汞的含量

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了大承气颗粒剂及其原料药材中砷、铅、镉、铬和汞的含量，并参照食品中重金属的限量规定进行了比较。结果表明，大承气颗粒剂及其原料药材中的砷、铅、镉、铬和汞均低于限量标准，成品中重金属的含量均低于原料药材中的平均含量，这为大承气颗粒剂生产中的质量控制提供了依据。     

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Artemisiae Argyi Folium (Aiye in Chinese) has been widely used since ancient times. In the Lingnan region (Southern China), the leaf of Artemisia verlotorum Lamotte, which is named Hongjiaoai (HJA) because the roots are red (Hongjiao means red foot in Chinese), has been used as a local substitute for Artemisiae Argyi Folium. The plant has a long medicinal and edible history that can be traced to the Jin Dynasty. However, there is no systematic and reliable method to control the quality of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium. In this study, a comprehensive method involving high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole-time-of-flight high-definition mass spectrometry was established to identify and quantify eight constituents (including organic acids and flavonoids) in Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium as well as high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints of the two varieties. Moreover, dissimilarities of chemical compositions among the two varieties were further investigated by orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis and cluster analysis. This research not only explored the similarities and differences between Artemisiae Verlotori Folium and Artemisiae Argyi Folium in eight components but also provided a qualitative and quantitative analytical method that quickly, accurately, and comprehensively assesses the quality of Artemisiae Verlotori Folium.     

傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法无损鉴别植物生药材

首次利用傅里叶变换拉曼光谱法（ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ）直接测定了２３种常用植物生药材。各种药材因所含化学成分的不同而反映出拉曼谱振动峰的差异,并遵循一定的变化规律。该方法快速,准确,不破坏样品。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定汉中石韦中微量元素含量

应用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了汉中石韦中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn共4种微量元素的含量。结果表明,汉中石韦中含有丰富的Fe（12．91μg／g）、Cu（32．12μg／g）、Nn（22．45μg／g）、Zn（72．84μg／g）等人体必需的微量元素,精密度不大于3．24％,回收率在93．5～106．2％之间。方法可靠,准确。     

几种药渣中铁、锌等元素含量的测定及再利用讨论

用原子吸收分光光度法测定几种药渣中铁、锌、铜、锰元素含量,为药渣再利用提供依据。实验表明,不同药渣中铁、锌、铜、锰元素含量不同,同一药渣中各元素含量也不同,且药渣中铁元素含量均高于其它几种元素;实验所测的药渣中平均含铁318.3mg/kg,锌、锰平均含量为34.31和39.13mg/kg。药渣中含有较为丰富的Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn元素,具有再利用价值。     

The recognition of similarities in trace elements content in medicinal plants using MLP and RBF neural networks

The objective of the paper was to verify if the content of some elements provides enough information for proper classification of the medicinal plant raw materials. Such information could be helpful in standardization process of herbal products. Four elements—zinc, copper, lead and cadmium were determined using inverse voltammetry in commercially available medicinal herbal raw materials. Initially, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to investigate the relationships among the analyzed trace elements. In the next stage of the study, two different types of feed-forward artificial neural networks (FANNs)—multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) were applied. The concentrations of the elements were used as input variables to neural networks models, which were to recognize the taxonomy of the plant and the anatomical part it originated from. Although full recognition of the samples with use of FANNs on the basis of some trace elements content was not achieved, it was possible to identify two elements—cadmium and lead as the most important in the classification analysis of medicinal plants.     

Comparison of Multiple Bioactive Constituents in the Corolla and Other Parts of Abelmoschus manihot

Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic (AM), called Huangshukui in Chinese, is a widely used medicinal plant. Each part of AM has medicinal value, including Abelmoschi Radix (AR), Abelmoschi Herba (AH), Abelmoschi Folium (AF), Abelmoschi Corolla (AC), and Abelmoschi Semen (AS). However, only AC is documented in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In order to investigate whether there is any difference between AC and the other parts of AM, an analytical method based on ultra-fast performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous determination of 35 constituents in different parts of AM. Moreover, principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied to classify and evaluate the different parts of AM based on the content of the 35 constituents. The total contents of the 35 constituents in AC were significantly higher than in the other parts of AM and the results revealed significant differences between AC and the other parts of AM. Eight constituents were remarkably related to the sample classifications. This research does not just provide the basic information for revealing the distribution patterns in different parts of AM from the same origin, but also complements some of the scientific data for the comprehensive quality evaluation of AC.     

洛阳牡丹花中营养元素和有害元素含量分析

为了提供洛阳牡丹花能否作为蔬菜食用的科学依据,采用原子吸收法测定了洛阳红、胡红、凤丹3个品种的牡丹花中钙、铁、锰、锌、铜、铅、镉元素含量。结果表明,洛阳红、胡红、凤丹花中含有丰富的营养元素钙、锰、铁;金属元素铜、锌含量在国家食品卫生限量标准内,有害元素铅、镉含量超出了国家限量标准。从微量元素含量的角度来评价,食用洛阳红、胡红、凤丹牡丹花,存在对人体健康产生危害的风险。测定结果的RSD为0.07%～16.1%,精密度高,可靠。     

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)法微损快速检测党参中Pb

中药材重金属元素快速检测对污染监控及人们健康具有重要意义。激光诱导击穿光谱技术(Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS)属于一种快速检测方法,研磨压片等预处理方法相对样品消解已有所简化,但破坏了样品的物理性质,且不能满足中药材大宗品种、大批量检测需求。若进一步简化样品预处理,将更加凸显LIBS快速检测的优势。本文建立了激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)快速微损检测中药材样品重金属元素定标方法。线性相关系数R2为0.7764,建立的微损定标曲线线性可用于切片党参LIBS快速检测,对待测党参切片样品检测平均相对误差为3.74%,与电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对比,相关系数R2为0.7957,验证了LIBS技术微损检测的可行性。制备的党参参考定标样品可多次重复用于待测样定标和仪器标定等。实验对待测党参样品仅进行切片处理,避免了研磨、压片等预处理,更加充分地体现LIBS快速检测的优势,为LIBS技术应用于中药材重金属元素快检等领域提供了一种新方法。