成都市土壤-植物系统铅污染状况初步研究

为研究成都市土壤-植物系统铅污染状况，分析了成都市五种蔬菜及其根系土的铅含量。结果表明，土壤铅含量变化范围61．0～115．0mg/kg，均值为77．3mg/kg，所有样品含量均超过成都市土壤环境背景值，以城东和城南污染最为严重；蔬菜中铅含量以莴笋叶最高，萝卜最低，叶菜类高于瓜果类；蔬菜污染严重区与土壤污染区差别明显，说明土壤铅和植物铅污染源不同。     

土壤-植物系统的铜污染及其生态健康效应

土壤—植物系统的铜污染已十分严重。铜污染对土壤微生物数量与区系、土壤酶活性和植物生长等都有明显的抑制作用。土壤—植物系统中过量的铜进入人体主要有两条途径：一是由土壤—植物系统经过径流和淋失进入水体，再通过饮用水直接进入人体；二是通过食物链进入人体。人体暴露于过量的铜会引起一系列病变，如肾功能障碍、心血管疾病、高血压、肺气肿及癌症等。就农业土壤而言，减少含铜农药及含铜有机废弃物的使用对控制土壤—植物系统的铜污染最为重要。     

原子荧光光谱法同时测定农产品中砷和汞

研究了用AFS-920型双道原子荧光光度计同时测定食品中砷和汞的方法。方法快速、相对标准偏差小于10％，砷和汞的回收率分别为88．0-107．0％和89．8％-114．0％，符合国标对农产品安全质量检测的要求。     

利用植物生物技术和农艺措施控制镉在食物链中的迁移

由于人类的工农业活动，Cd成为了自然环境和农业环境中主要散布的重金屑。Cd对各种生物有机体具有潜在的毒性，能引起人类诸多的疾病。由于具有高的移动性和低的中毒浓度，Cd是环境中最危险的重金属之一。而土壤—作物系统是农业生态系统的核心，它是农用化学物质施用及污水灌溉等的主要场所，是Cd向人类食物链迁移积累、直接或间接地危害人体健康的关键环节。利用植物生物技术选育低积累镉的植物基因型、采取相应的农艺措施、控制Cd在食物链中的迁移是农产品安全生产的有效途径。     

微塑料介导重金属在陆生植物中迁移及生物效应的影响

随着地膜在现代化农业中的广泛应用,微塑料在土壤中的残留问题日益严重。环境中释放的微塑料可能会与先前存在的重金属相互作用,导致生物效应(生物积累/毒性),并对人类健康和农产品安全构成威胁。目前,大多数研究集中于单一影响因素在土壤系统中的暴露和转化分析,有关微塑料和共存金属对环境联合影响的相当有限。本文综述了微塑料与重金属来源、相互作用机理与影响因素的研究现状,阐述了陆生植物对二者联合污染的生理响应。此外,未来的研究还应重点探讨微塑料与重金属共同在植物上暴露的具体分子机制、通过食物链对人类健康的影响、与其他混合污染物联合作用及微塑料老化过程对重金属迁移动态变化过程的影响。     

发现汞矿区稻田甲基汞主要来源北大核心CSCD

中科院地化所冯新斌团队,以贵州省万山汞矿区不同污染类型（土法炼汞区和废弃汞矿区）的水稻田为研究对象,对汞矿区水稻田各介质中汞的分布特征、主要来源及污染状况进行了全面系统的研究。相关成果日前发表于《环境污染》、《生物地球科学》。稻田作为一种特殊的湿地生态系统,其间歇性的淹水环境有利于土壤中汞的甲基化作用。因此,     

益智及其种植区土壤中汞含量研究

采用氢化物原子荧光法测定了益智种植区土壤与益智各部位中的痕量汞,比较了HNO3＋HF＋H2O2、HNO3＋HF、HNO3＋HClO43种混酸消解体系的消解效果。结果表明,HNO3＋HF＋H2O2为最佳消解体系;样品加标回收率为93．70％～102．25％;土壤及益智果实、根、茎、叶中汞含量分别为0．3583、0．1632、0．0950、0．0700、0．0747mg·kg^-1,土壤中汞在益智果实、根、茎、叶间的迁移率分别为45．55％、26．51％、19．52％、20．83％,土壤及益智各部位的汞含量均在国家规定标准以内。说明海南益智种植区地理环境良好,未受到汞污染。     

发现汞矿区稻田甲基汞主要来源

正中科院地化所冯新斌团队,以贵州省万山汞矿区不同污染类型(土法炼汞区和废弃汞矿区)的水稻田为研究对象,对汞矿区水稻田各介质中汞的分布特征、主要来源及污染状况进行了全面系统的研究。相关成果日前发表于《环境污染》、《生物地球科学》。稻田作为一种特殊的湿地生态系统,其间歇性的淹水环境有利于土壤中汞的甲基化作用。因此,     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定番茄不同部位中微量汞

在汞污染的土壤上种植不同品种番茄 ,采用微波溶样技术和原子荧光光谱法 ,测定番茄不同部位的汞含量 ,初步研究了汞在番茄植株各个部位的分布情况 ,同时确定了微波消解该类样品的最佳条件 ,优化了原子荧光光谱仪的工作参数。该方法具有快速、简便、准确等特点 ,汞含量在0.01～20μg/L范围内线性良好 ,相关系数r=0.9998。研究结果还表明 ,汞含量在番茄各部位中的分布规律是根 叶>茎 果实 ,只有1/10的供试番茄品种在汞胁迫下果实中汞含量超标 ,为评价番茄作为菜蔬食品在生产中受汞污染的风险以及发展新的重金属污染土壤的修复技术提供依据     

土壤中汞赋存形态及迁移转化规律研究进展

对汞污染的来源、危害、在土壤中的赋存形态、迁移转化规律及其影响因素进行了综述,在此基础上简要介绍了土壤汞污染的治理,提出了存在的问题和有待进一步研究的方向。     

土壤因子与农产品品质关系研究进展

文章分析了国内外关于土壤因子与农产品品质关系的研究现状,综述了土壤生物、物理、化学因子在农产品品质形成过程中发挥的重要作用,提出通过土壤管理来调控农产品品质面临的众多问题及未来研究重点,期望通过明析土壤因子与农产品品质的内在机理,指导土壤管理及标准化生产,为促进特色农产品持续发展和品质提升提供科学依据。     

山西省马铃薯主产区土壤重金属含量状况评价与膳食暴露评估

【目的】探明山西马铃薯种植区域土壤重金属污染状况,并对马铃薯进行重金属摄入健康风险评价。【方法】选取山西省境内马铃薯优势产业基地县(区)作为调查研究对象,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析了马铃薯产地土壤及产品中铅、镉、砷、铬、镍、铜、锌等七种重金属元素含量状况,并采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤中重金属进行生态风险评价,采用目标危险系数法对马铃薯进行重金属摄入健康风险评价。【结果】山西省马铃薯主产区土壤中7种重金属单项污染指数均小于1,综合污染指数小于0.5,潜在生态危害为轻微,土壤环境质量总体属于非污染水平,成人和儿童因食用马铃薯而摄入重金属的健康风险指数均小于1。【结论】山西省马铃薯主产区土壤中重金属污染程度较低,而马铃薯中重金属的残留对人体健康存在隐患,建议制定预防性手段,加强对马铃薯及其他蔬菜等土壤中重金属的跟踪与监测,确保农产品产地环境质量,从而确保农产品质量安全。     

A Novel Fluorescence Tool for Monitoring Agricultural Industry Chain Based on AIEgens

With the development of the global economy,the safety of agricultural production has attracted intense attention.To minimize the risk of harmful ingredients in the whole industry chain,it is very necessary to cover the entire process of safety inspections from planting to production to environmental management.Fluorescence sensing as a promising and powerful screening tool is widely used for the detection of ions,toxic gases,biological molecules and so on.However,traditional fluorescent probes often suffer from aggregation-induced quenching(ACQ)effects,which limits their practical applications.In this regard,aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)can perfectly address this notorious issue and have shown great potential in agricultural safety analysis.In this review,we briefly summarize their applications in agricultural safety monitoring,including the fabrication of agricultural film,agricultural sewage treatment and selective detection of harmful residues in agricultural products.The challenge and future development of AIEgens in this field are also discussed and highlighted.Hopefully,this review can inspire more researchers to participate in this fascinating area.     

Application of Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis in Environmental Forensic and Strategic Management Avenue for Pesticide Residues

Unintended pesticide pollution in soil, crops, and adjacent environments has caused several issues for both pesticide users and consumers. For users, pesticides utilized should provide higher yield and lower persistence while considering both the environment and agricultural products. Most people are concerned that agricultural products expose humans to pesticides accumulating in vegetation. Thus, many countries have guidelines for assessing and managing pesticide pollution, for farming in diverse environments, as all life forms in soil are untargeted to these pesticides. The stable isotope approach has been a useful technique to find the source of organic matter in studies relating to aquatic ecology and environmental sciences since the 1980s. In this study, we discuss commonly used analytical methods using liquid and gas chromatography coupled with isotopic ratio mass spectrometry, as well as the advanced compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). CSIA applications are discussed for tracing organic pollutants and understanding chemical reactions (mechanisms) in natural environments. It shows great applicability for the issues on unintended pesticide pollution in several environments with the progress history of isotope application in agricultural and environmental studies. We also suggest future study directions based on the forensic applications of stable isotope analysis to trace pesticides in the environment and crops.     

Mercury and cadmium concentrations in milk in Puerto Rico

Milk was collected over a four-month period from three representative sectors of Puerto Rico. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) performed on the samples showed that the mercury concentration was slightly higher than the safe upper limit set by the World Health Organisation on food products. INAA for cadmium yielded high values when compared with atomic absorption.     

湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中汞含量

建立了湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱仪测定农产品中汞含量的方法。选取大米和芹菜作为实验样品,对消解酸体系(硝酸、硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-高氯酸)、消解温度(100、110、120、130、140℃)和消解时间(30、45、60、90 min)等条件进行探讨,确定最佳实验条件,并与常规微波消解效果进行对比。结果表明,优化后的硝酸-高氯酸体系条件下120℃消解30 min,方法在0~2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度为2.4%~3.9%。两种消解方法对于大米和芹菜质控样的测定值基本一致,均在质控样范围。相较于常规微波前处理方法,简化了样品前处理流程,提高了工作效率,可为农产品汞含量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

Monitoring and abatement of environmental mercury pollution using human hair as absorbant

Mercury pollution in the industrial environment of Chile has been studied using hair as a monitor. Data from samples representing people living in the non-polluted and also from the polluted areas show that, hair is an effective and convenient indicator of environmental mercury pollution in Chile. A major source of mercury pollution and its transport is contaminated water. Hair is found to concentrate mercury from water to an extent of 80 to 500 fold increase in hair concentration. This absorption occurs in a contact time of 24 h and thus provides a means of treating mercury containing water to reduce the mercury to acceptable levels. The capacity of hair for this purpose is about 0.2% which means that, with a kilogram of hair /valued at less than 25 cents/ nearly 20.000 litres of contaminated water /at 0.1 ppm mercury/ can be treated. This is an inexpensive and convenient alternative to conventional ion-exchange processes which are generally very expensive, particularly for developing countries.     

Ensuring of environmental safety in the reclamation of anthropogenic placer gold deposits in the North of Khabarovsk Krai

The results of studying mercury pollution of ecosystem in the zone affected by anthropogenic placer gold deposits are given. A major hazard to the environment and human health results from minerals processing wastes polluted with mercury and dumped in the placer gold-concentrating sites (PGCS) near mining villages, which have transformed into unequipped authorized landfills. The recent tendency to their reclamation should favor extensive mercury pollution. Actions have been proposed to ensure environmental safety of mineral processing wastes and reclamation of anthropogenic placer gold deposits.     

Oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury under ultralow voltage in a foam titanium diffusion electrochemical reactor

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Flue gas from coal-fired power stations is an important source of mercury pollution. A diffusion electrochemical reactor is proposed to remove elemental mercury...