An antisymmetric problem of a penny-shaped crack in a piezoelectric medium

Summary  An exact, three-dimensional analysis is developed for a penny-shaped crack in an infinite transversely isotropic piezoelectric medium. The crack is assumed to be parallel to the plane of isotropy, with its faces subjected to a couple of concentrated normal forces and a couple of point electric charges that are antisymmetric with respect to the crack plane. The fundamental solution of a concentrated force and a point charge acting on the surface of a piezoelectric half-space is employed to derive the integral equations for the general boundary value problem. For the above antisymmetric crack problem, complete expressions for the elastoelectric field are obtained. A numerical calculation is finally performed to show the piezoelectric effect in piezoelectric materials. It is noted here that the present analysis is an extension of Fabrikant's theory for elasticity. Received 30 August 1999; accepted for publication 1 March 2000     

EXACT SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF A HALF-PLANE CRACK IN A TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC PIEZOELECTRIC BODY SUBJECTED TO ANTISYMMETRIC TANGENTIAL POINT FORCES

An exact and complete solution of the problem of a half-plane crack in an infinite transversely isotropic piezoelectric body is presented. The upper and lower crack faces are assumed to be loaded antisymmetrically by a couple of tangential point forces in opposite directions. The solution is derived through a limiting procedure from that of a penny-shaped crack. The expressions for the electroelastic field are given in terms of elementary functions. Finally, the numerical results of the second and third mode stress intensity factorsk ₂ andk ₃ of piezoelectric materials and elastic materials are compared in figures. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19872060 and 69982009) and the Postdoctoral Foundation of China.     

Circular crack in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric space under point forces and point charges

In this paper, two kinds of circular crack including external circular crack and penny-shaped crack in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric space are considered. Firstly, we obtain the solution to the problem of an external circular crack in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric space subjected to antisymmetric normal point forces and point charges. Based on this, the solution of one-sided loading of an external circular crack is constructed. Secondly, the real shape of an external circular crack and the opening displacement of a penny-shaped crack under an arbitrary point force and point charge are further obtained. At last, the results are presented in a graphical form. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19872060 and 69982009) and the Postdoctoral Foundation of China     

Curve cracks lying along a parabolic curve in anisotropic body

ＣＵＲＶＥＣＲＡＣＫＳＬＹＩＮＧＡＬＯＮＧＡＰＡＲＡＢＯＬＩＣＣＵＲＶＥＩＮＡＮＩＳＯＴＲＯＰＩＣＢＯＤＹＨｕＹｕａｎ－ｔａｉ（胡元太）ＺｈａｏＸｉｎｇ－ｈｕａ（赵兴华）（ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ;ＳｈａｎｇｈａｉＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡ...     

3D dynamic stress intensity factors at three rectangular cracks in an infinite elastic medium subjected to a time-harmonic stress wave

Summary Dynamic stresses around three coplanar cracks in an infinite elastic medium are determined in the paper. Two of the cracks are equal, rectangular and symmetrically situated on either side of the centrally located rectangular crack. Time-harmonic normal traction acts on each surface of the three cracks. To solve the problem, two kind of solutions are superposed: one is a solution for a rectangular crack in an infinite elastic medium, and the other one is that for two rectangular cracks in an infinite elastic medium. The unknown coefficients in the combined solution are determined by applying the boundary conditions at the surfaces of the cracks. Finally, stress intensity factors are calculated numerically for several crack configurations. Received 14 July 1998; accepted for publication 2 December 1998     

THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR UNDER MOVING LOADS ON THE CRACK FACES

The dynamic stress intensity factor history for a half plane crack in anotherwise unbounded elastic body,with the crack faces subjected to a tractiondistribution consisting of two pairs of combined mode point loads that move in adirection perpendicular to the crack edge is considered.The analytic expression for thecombined mode stress intensity factors as a function of time for any point along thecrack edge is obtained.The method of solution is based on the application of integraltransform together with the Wiener-Hopf technique and the Cagniard-de Hoop method.Some features of the solution are discussed and graphical results for various point loadspeeds are presented.     

Elastoplastic solution for an eccentric crack loaded by two pairs of point tensile forces

The strain energy density theory and the near crack line analysis method are applied to investigate an eccentric crack loaded by two pairs of tensile point forces in a finite plate. The minimum values of SED in the vicinity of the crack tip are determined, the initial growth orientation of crack are determined. Obtained is the elastic-plastic solution near the crack line of an eccentric crack loaded by two pairs of point tensile forces under large scale yielding condition. More specifically, the near field solution contains the unit normal vector of the elastic-plastic boundary and the elastic-plastic stress field. The length of the plastic zone along the crack line is found to vary with the external load and the bearing capacity of a finite plate with an eccentric crack loaded by two pairs of tensile point forces. Compared with small scale yielding condition, the normalized load obtained is higher than those under small scale yielding condition when the length of the plastic zone is the same.     

On interface crack models with contact zones situated in an anisotropic bimaterial

Summary A boundary value problem for two semi-infinite anisotropic spaces with mixed boundary conditions at the interface is considered. Assuming that the displacements are independent of the coordinate x ₃, stresses and derivatives of displacement jumps are expressed via a sectionally holomorphic vector function. By means of these relations the problem for an interface crack with an artificial contact zone in an orthotropic bimaterial is reduced to a combined Dirichlet-Riemann problem which is solved analytically. As a particular case of this solution, the contact zone model (in Comninou's sense) is derived. A simple transcendental equation and an asymptotic formula for the determination of the real contact zone length are obtained. The classical interface crack model with oscillating singularities at the crack tips is derived from the obtained solution as well. Analytical relations between fracture mechanical parameters of different models are found, and recommendations concerning their implementation are given. The dependencies of the contact zone lengths on material properties and external load coefficients are illustrated in graphical form. The practical applicability of the obtained results is demonstrated by means of a FEM analysis of a finite-sized orthotropic bimaterial with an interface crack. Received 19 October 1998; accepted for publication 13 November 1998     

基于等效弹簧模型的裂纹Euler-Bernoulli梁弯曲变形分析

考虑裂纹的缝隙效应,研究了开闭裂纹Euler-Bernoulli梁的弯曲变形．首先,将裂纹等效为内部旋转弹簧,利用广义函数,给出了考虑裂纹缝隙影响的Euler-Bernoulli梁的等效抗弯刚度,推导了具有任意数目开闭裂纹梁弯曲变形的显式通解．在此基础上,研究了均布载荷作用下上侧单裂纹简支梁以及裂纹处承受集中力和集中力偶共同作用的固支梁的弯曲变形,分析了梁长细比、裂纹深度和位置以及载荷等对裂纹开闭状态和梁弯曲变形的影响。结果表明：梁挠度分布在裂纹处存在尖点,而转角分布存在跳跃;梁挠度与载荷的响应关系一般为双折线形式,分别对应于裂纹的张开和闭合状态;且裂纹张开时,裂纹梁的柔度随着梁长细比的增加和裂纹深度的减小而减小。这些结果对梁裂纹无损检测具有指导意义．     

偏心裂纹板在裂纹面受一对集中拉应力作用时弹塑性解析解

利用裂纹线场方法对理想弹塑性材料偏心裂纹板在裂纹面受一对集中拉力问题进行了弹塑性分析,并且获得了理论解.这个解包括:裂纹线附近弹塑性边界上的单位法向矢量,裂纹线附近的弹塑性解析解、最大塑性区长度、裂纹线上的塑性区长度随荷载的变化规律及其承载力.该分析不受小范围屈服假设的限制,并且不附加假使条件.结果在裂纹线附近足够精确.     

Thermoelectroelastic Green's function and its application for bimaterial of piezoelectric materials

Summary For a two-dimensional piezoelectric plate, the thermoelectroelastic Green's functions for bimaterials subjected to a temperature discontinuity are presented by way of Stroh formalism. The study shows that the thermoelectroelastic Green's functions for bimaterials are composed of a particular solution and a corrective solution. All the solutions have their singularities, located at the point applied by the dislocation, as well as some image singularities, located at both the lower and the upper half-plane. Using the proposed thermoelectroelastic Green's functions, the problem of a crack of arbitrary orientation near a bimaterial interface between dissimilar thermopiezoelectric material is analysed, and a system of singular integral equations for the unknown temperature discontinuity, defined on the crack faces, is obtained. The stress and electric displacement (SED) intensity factors and strain energy density factor can be, then, evaluated by a numerical solution at the singular integral equations. As a consequence, the direction of crack growth can be estimated by way of strain energy density theory. Numerical results for the fracture angle are obtained to illustrate the application of the proposed formulation. Received 10 November 1997; accepted for publication 3 February 1998     

十次对称二维准晶中的热应力分析

推导了当考虑热效应时十次对称二维准晶体平面应变问题的通解表示．作为应用，采用所获得的通解首先得到了十次对称二维准晶体中的一个点热源所引起的声子场和相位子场，给出了点热源所引起的声子场和相位子场应力分量的解析表达式；接着获得了在均匀热流作用下十次对称二维准晶体中-绝缘椭圆孔洞所引起的热应力问题的弹性解答，给出了沿椭圆边界环向应力分布的解析表达式；当椭圆的短轴趋于零时，则获得了裂纹问题的解答，给出了应力强度因子、裂纹表面张开位移及能量释放率的解析表达式；推导了在任意热载荷作用下裂尖附近的渐近场．     

Axisymmetric displacement boundary value problem for a penny-shaped crack

Summary A solution is derived from equations of equilibrium in an infinite isotropic elastic solid containing a penny-shaped crack where displacements are given. Abel transforms of the second kind stress and displacement components at an arbitrary point of the solid are known in the literature in terms of jumps of stress and displacement components at a crack plane. Limiting values of these expressions at the crack plane together with the boundary conditions lead to Abel-type integral equations, which admit a closed form solution. Explicit expressions for stress and displacement components on the crack plane are obtained in terms of prescribed face displacements of crack surfaces. Some special cases of the crack surface shape functions have been given in the paper.     

弹性功能梯度材料板条中周期裂纹的反平面问题

讨论了弹性功能梯度材料板条中裂纹的反平面问题. 用Fourier 变换方法得到了一个基本解. 这个基本解表示了实轴上一点作用有点位错时引起的影响. 利 用此基本解可得单裂纹和周期裂纹问题的奇异积分方程. 在周期裂纹求解时, 远处裂纹对于中央裂纹的影响作了有效的近似处理. 最后, 给出了数值结果, 它表示了材料性质对于裂纹端应力强度因子的影响.     

A theoretical analysis on stochastic behaviour of short cracks and fatigue damage of metals

In this paper, the closed form of solution to the stochastic differential equation for a fatigue crack evolution system is derived, and the relationship between metal fatigue damage and crack stochastic behaviour is investigated. It is found that the damage extent of metals is independent of crack stochastic behaviour if the stochastic deviation of the crack growth rate is directly proportional to its mean value. The evolution of stochastic deviation of metal fatigue damage in the stage close to the transition point between short and long crack regimes is also discussed.     

A Zener-Stroh crack interacting with an edge dislocation

A Zener-Stroh crack interacting with an edge dislocation is studied. The crack faces are assumed to be traction free. The applied ‘generalized loading’ for crack is the initial displacement jump and the intervention of the edge dislocation. Through decomposing the problem into two sub-simple problems, using the superposition principle, its solution is obtained. To demonstrate both the validity of the solution and its potential application, two simple examples related to the crack stress intensity factors are presented on the basis of the solution. The application of the solution to model crack initiations arising from dislocation-pileup is discussed.     

Mode I and mode II crack tip asymptotic fields with strain gradient effects

The strain gradient effect becomes significant when the size of fracture process zone around a crack tip is comparable to the intrinsic material lengthl, typically of the order of microns. Using the new strain gradient deformation theory given by Chen and Wang, the asymptotic fields near a crack tip in an elastic-plastic material with strain gradient effects are investigated. It is established that the dominant strain field is irrotational. For mode I plane stress crack tip asymptotic field, the stress asymptotic field and the couple stress asymptotic field can not exist simultaneously. In the stress dominated asymptotic field, the angular distributions of stresses are consistent with the classical plane stress HRR field; In the couple stress dominated asymptotic field, the angular distributions of couple stresses are consistent with that obtained by Huang et al. For mode II plane stress and plane strain crack tip asymptotic fields, only the stress-dominated asymptotic fields exist. The couple stress asymptotic field is less singular than the stress asymptotic fields. The stress asymptotic fields are the same as mode II plane stress and plane strain HRR fields, respectively. The increase in stresses is not observed in strain gradient plasticity for mode I and mode II, because the present theory is based only on the rotational gradient of deformation and the crack tip asymptotic fields are irrotational and dominated by the stretching gradient. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19704100), National Natural Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJ951-1-20), CAS K.C. Wong Post-doctoral Research Award Fund and Post-doctoral Science Fund of China     

含币形裂纹的压电体在点力和点电荷作用下的裂纹张开位移

本文利用Chen和Shioya给出的在横观各向同性压电无限体内币形裂纹上下表面作用对称法向点力和点电荷情形下的解,结合压电材料之功的互等定,用初等函数的形式给出了在压电无限体中任意一点作用任意点力和点电荷情形下币形裂纹的张开位移,并对PZT－4压电陶瓷和非压电材料作了计算分析。     

The effect of couple stresses on the tip of a crack

The effect of couple stresses at a crack tip is investigated by considering two particular problems. A formally exact solution is obtained (for couple-stress and micropolar elasticity) for the case of a semi-infinite crack with a prescribed internal stress. Secondly, the problem of a finite crack in an infinite medium (with couple stresses) under uniform tension at infinity, is solved by matched expansions when the couple stress parameter is small compared with the crack length. In each case it is shown that the energy release rate from a crack tip tends to the classical elastic value as the couple stress (or micropolar) parameter tends to zero.     

移动接触下求解二维闭合裂纹的双重迭代边界元法

使用子域边界元法对受移动接触弹性体作用下的二维闭合裂纹问题进行了数值计算。由于两弹性体的接触界面和裂纹表面的接触范围的大小和接触状态事先是未知的 ,对此 ,在两个接触表面同时采用迭代的方法进行了求解。在裂纹的每个裂尖上都采用了四分之一的奇异单元以保证裂尖位移场和应力场奇异性的满足。用我们编制的二维裂纹问题程序对一些中心裂纹问题进行了计算 ,计算结果与经典断裂力学的理论值比较吻合。在无摩擦的条件下 ,对一些具有不同角度且受移动接触弹性体作用下的闭合裂纹问题进行了数值计算 ,得到了一些耦合作用下的应力强度因子的计算结果