Is the Luttinger Liquid a New State of Matter?

We are demonstrating that the Luttinger model with short range interaction can be treated as a type of Fermi liquid. In line with the main dogma of Landau’s theory one can define a fermion excitation renormalized by interaction and show that in terms of these fermions any excited state of the system is described by free particles. The fermions are a mixture of renormalized right and left electrons. The electric charge and chirality of the Landau quasi-particle is discussed.     

Metalloradical EPR Signals from the YZ·S-State Intermediates in Photosystem II

The redox-active tyrosine residue (Y_Z) plays a crucial role in the mechanism of the water oxidation. Metalloradical electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals reflecting the light-induced Y_Z· in magnetic interaction with the CaMn₄-cluster in the particular S-state, Y_Z·S_X intermediates, have been found in intact photosystem II. These so-called split EPR signals are induced by illumination at cryogenic temperatures and provide means to both study the otherwise transient Y_Z· and to probe the S-states with EPR spectroscopy. The illumination used for signal induction grouped the observed split EPR signals in two categories: (i) Y_Z in the lower S-states was oxidized by P680⁺ formed via charge separation, while (ii) Y_Z in the higher S-states was oxidized by an excited, highly oxidizing Mn species. Applied mechanistic studies of the Y_Z·S_X intermediates in the different S-states are reviewed and compared to investigations in photosystem II at physiological temperature. Addition of methanol induced S-state characteristic changes in the split signals’ formation which reflect changes in the magnetic coupling within the CaMn₄-cluster due to methanol binding. The pH titration of the split EPR signals, on the other hand, could probe the proton-coupled electron transfer properties of the Y_Z oxidation. The apparent pK _as found for decreased split signal induction were interpreted in the fate of the phenol proton.     

What Is the State of a Hydrogen Atom Leaving a Stern-Gerlach Interferometer?

We discuss experimental results on Stern-Gerlachinterferometry with atoms. After a theoretical approachsuited for fast atoms, we discuss elementary experimentson the preservation of atomic coherence. Then we examine the action of theinterferometer as producing atoms with new properties,beaded atoms, and their radiative properties.     

Is the Lorentz signature of the metric of spacetime electromagnetic in origin?

We formulate a premetric version of classical electrodynamics in terms of the excitation and the field strength F=(E,B). A local, linear, and symmetric spacetime relation between H and F is assumed. It yields, if electric/magnetic reciprocity is postulated, a Lorentzian metric of spacetime thereby excluding Euclidean signature (which is, nevertheless, discussed in some detail). Moreover, we determine the Dufay law (repulsion of like charges and attraction of opposite ones), the Lenz rule (the relative sign in Faraday’s law), and the sign of the electromagnetic energy. In this way, we get a systematic understanding of the sign rules and the sign conventions in electrodynamics. The question in the title of the paper is answered affirmatively.     

Antigravitational Instability of Cosmic Substrate in the Newtonian Cosmology

A new version of the forming Universe large-scale structures is proposed, based on the refuse of analyses of only the gravitational instability of the cosmological substrate, Vacuum, i.e. the dominant nonbaryonic matter in the Universe, creates the antigravitational instability of the baryonic cosmic substrate itself and causes the formation of galaxies.     

Is the Devil in h?

This note is a part of my effort to rid quantum mechanics (QM) nonlocality. Quantum nonlocality is a two faced Janus: one face is a genuine quantum mechanical nonlocality (defined by the Lüders’ projection postulate). Another face is the nonlocality of the hidden variables model that was invented by Bell. This paper is devoted the deconstruction of the latter. The main casualty of Bell’s model is that it straightforwardly contradicts Heisenberg’s uncertainty and Bohr’s complementarity principles generally. Thus, we do not criticize the derivation or interpretation of the Bell inequality (as was done by numerous authors). Our critique is directed against the model as such. The original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument assumed the Heisenberg’s principle without questioning its validity. Hence, the arguments of EPR and Bell differ crucially, and it is necessary to establish the physical ground of the aforementioned principles. This is the quantum postulate: the existence of an indivisible quantum of action given by the Planck constant. Bell’s approach with hidden variables implicitly implies rejection of the quantum postulate, since the latter is the basis of the reference principles.     

Is the number of light flavors in QCD great?

At a qualitative level, it is well known that QCD featuring a large number of quark flavors must differ drastically from actual QCD. However, it is possible to consider the large-N_f limit (where N_f is the number of light flavors in QCD) such that the basic dynamics of the system remains unchanged. This is the region of chiral perturbation theory, where the limit N_f → ∞ is simultaneously the limit of a large number of colors, N_c. Features are indicated that make it possible, in such a situation, to compare analytically the same quantity in a simplified model of actual QCD and in the large-N_f limit, and methods are proposed for calculating these features. Calculations in the limit N_f → ∞ are of no use in assessing quantities of the theory at small N f.     

Explicit Analysis of Creating Maximally Entangled State in the Mott Insulator State

We clarify the essence of the method proposed by You (Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 (2004) 030402) to create the maximally entangled atomic N-GHZ state in the Mott insulator state. Based on the time-independent perturbation theory,we find that the validity of the method can be summarized as that the Hamiltonian governing the evolution is approximately equivalent to the type αJx^2 bJx, which is the well known form used to create the maximally entangled state.     

Is the 7/2(1)- isomer state of 43S spherical?

We report on the spectroscopic quadrupole moment measurement of the 7/2(1)(-) isomeric state in (16)(43)S(27) [E*=320.5(5) keV, T(1/2)=415(3) ns], using the time dependent perturbed angular distribution technique at the RIKEN RIBF facility. Our value, |Q(s)|=23(3) efm(2), is larger than that expected for a single-particle state. Shell model calculations using the modern SDPF-U interaction for this mass region reproduce remarkably well the measured |Q(s)|, and show that non-negligible correlations drive the isomeric state away from a purely spherical shape.     

Transition probabilities in the C2 ∑+-X2 II system of CH

Relative Einstein emission coefficients are measured for several bands of the C²∑⁺-X² II system of the CH radical, using laser-induced fluorescence in an atmospheric pressure flame. The results are compared with theoretical calculations; a previously calculated ab initio electronic transition moment, together with Morse wave functions, forms an excellent representation of the experimental results.     

Is It Possible to Study the Wave Function of 2S Vector Mesons at HERA?

We present a short review of anomalous properties in diffractive photo- and electroproduction of radially excited V(2S) vector mesons. Using the color dipole generalized Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov phenomenology we analyze anomalous Q ² and energy dependence of the production cross section, V(2S)/V(1S) production ratio, the diffraction slope and anomalous t-behavior of the differential cross section d/dt. The origin of these anomalies is based on the interplay of the nodal structure of V(2S) radial wave function with the energy and dipole size dependence of the dipole cross section and the diffraction slope. We analyze how a different pattern of anomalous behavior of V(2S) production leads to a different position of the node in the wave function and discuss how that node position can be extracted from the data at HERA.     

Is the unitarity of the quark-mixing CKM matrix violated in neutron beta-decay?

We report on a new measurement of neutron beta-decay asymmetry. From the result A(0) = -0.1189(7), we derive the ratio of the axial vector to the vector coupling constant lambda = g(A)/g(V) = -1.2739(19). When included in the world average for the neutron lifetime tau = 885.7(7) s, this gives the first element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix V(ud). With this value and the Particle Data Group values for V(us) and V(ub), we find a deviation from the unitarity condition for the first row of the CKM matrix of Delta = 0.0083(28), which is 3.0 times the stated error.     

Is the nature of magnetic order in copper-oxides and in iron-pnictides different?

We use the results of first-principles electronic structure calculations and a strong coupling perturbation approach, together with general theoretical arguments, to illustrate the differences in super-exchange interactions between the copper-oxides and iron-pnictides. We provide a possible explanation for the two magnetic ground states within the same theoretical foundation. Contrary to the emerging view that magnetic order in the iron-pnictides is of itinerant nature, we argue that the observed magnetic moment is small because of frustration introduced by the electrons of the Fe orbitals as they compete to impose their preferred magnetic ordering.     

Is there a spatial correlation in the distribution of adsorbed atoms in the cages of a zeolite?

Monte Carlo simulations of the cage-to-cage jumps of Xe atoms in a crystalline zeolite using the experimentally observed molecular rate constants for cage-to-cage jumps were carried out to determine if there is a systematic spatial correlation of the distributions of Xe atoms among the cages at equilibrium. The neighbours of cages having an Xe occupancy that is less than the average occupancy are found to have distributions that are skewed toward higher occupancy compared with the overall distribution. On the other hand, the neighbours of cages having an Xe occupancy that is greater than the average occupancy are found to have distributions that are skewed toward lower occupancy than the overall distribution.     

Phase Transition in Ag2S and the Relative Position of Atomic Planes of the α-Ag2S and β-Ag2S Phases

JETP Letters - The relative position of atomic planes of low-temperature monoclinic acanthite α-Ag2S and high-temperature bcc argentite β-Ag2S has been determined from X-ray and electron...     

Active Control of Cellular Orientation through In-Situ Stress in the Substrate

We investigate the orientation of cells on substrates to find possible methods for controlling the cellular orientation. The force dipole model is employed in our modelling and simulation. The elastic interaction between cells as well as the elastic interaction between the cell and in-situ stress field in the substrate are found to be the two main physical mechanisms to control the cellular orientation. The former interaction dominates the cellular orientation when the in-situ stress is small, while the later dominates when the in-situ stress is large enough. Two cells tend to align perpendicularly on a free substrate, but the cellular orientation varies with the increasing in-situ stress. Two cells tendto align in parallel when the normal stress is large enough. Their direction is perpendicular to the extension stress direction or parallel to the compression stress direction. When the positive in-situ shear stress is large enough, the two cells tend to align at -45°. Based on this theoretical simulation, it is believed that the cellular orientation on substrates can be controlled by thein-situ stresses.     

Is there a Di-Ω State?

Resonating-group method has been applied to calculate the ΩΩ (SIJ = -6,0,0) dibaryon state in theframework of the extended quark-delocalization color-screening model. The mass of the di-Ω is predicted to be about45 MeV lower than the Ω-Ω threshold. The effect of channel coupling due to the tensor force and sensitivity to mesonexchange short-range cutoff radius, ro have also been studied.     

Is there a Di-Ω State?

Resonating-group method has been applied to calculate the ΩΩ (SIJ=-6,0,0) dibaryon state in the framework of the extended quark-delocalization color-screening model. The mass of the di-Ω is predicted to be about 45 MeV lower than the Ω-Ω threshold. The effect of channel coupling due to the tensor force and sensitivity to meson exchange short-range cutoff radius, r₀ have also been studied.     

Radiation-stimulated changes in the transmission of chalcogenide glasses of As2S3−Ge2S3

The radiative-optical properties of chalcogenide glass-like semiconductors of the As₂S₂−Ge₂S₃ system in the region of a topological 2D-3D-phase transition are investigated. It is shown that γ-irradiation of samples by an absorbed dose of 4.4 · 10⁶ Gy leads to a longwave shift of their optical-transmission edge in the spectrum. The effect observed depends on the structural type of the glasses investigated and changes considerably near the 2D-3D-phase transition. Two components of the transmission-edge shift are detected: a static component, which remains unchanged for a long time after irradiation of the samples, and a dynamic one, which gradually fades in 2–3 months. It is suggested that the microstructural mechanism of these changes is attributable to processes of coordination defect formation in the structural skeleton of the samples. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, pp. 657–660, September–October, 1999.