用于SAR估计的基于U-Net网络的快速膝关节模型重建

膝关节高场磁共振成像（MRI）时,射频功率沉积（SAR）是一个关键的安全指标.目前对于局部SAR的准确估计只能通过电磁仿真实现,这就要求得到每一个个体的膝关节模型.本文提出一种针对低场磁共振图像的基于卷积神经网络的分割方法,以实现膝关节磁共振图像的快速重建.数据集来自于矢位T₁加权自旋回波图像,将膝关节组织按照"肌肉-脂肪-骨骼"模型进行简化,除脂肪与骨骼之外的其他组织归类为肌肉.采用一种全卷积的神经网络,即U-Net进行逐层的图像分割,卷积层数为4,训练采用交叉熵函数.本文对图像的自动分割结果与手动标注结果进行了定量的比较.此外,采用3 T正交鸟笼线圈进行了SAR仿真,结果验证了组织简化对于SAR估计的可行性,并且所提方法构建的模型可以得到较为精准的局部SAR分布.     

Increase of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) by Magnetic Fractionation of Magnetic Fluids

Magnetic fractionation was applied to a common magnetic fluid based on superparamagnetic iron-oxide nano-particles with core radius of 5nm. The fractions collected were investigated with respect to particle-sizes and the influence of fractionation on the specific absorption rate, in order to optimize magnetic fluids for the application in hyperthermia.     

周期结构声散射系数的无网格数值计算方法

将无网格思想引入周期结构声散射系数的数值计算,提出两种无网格数值计算模型:边界无网格模型(Boundary Meshless Model,BMM)及无网格平面波分解模型(Meshless Plane Wave Decomposition Model,MPDM),两种模型均可对任意形状周期结构的声散射系数进行计算,其中BMM适用于尺寸有限大的周期结构,而MPDM适用于尺寸无限大的周期结构.详细介绍两种无网格数值计算模型的推导过程,利用两种模型对正弦型周期结构的散射系数进行计算,并与测量实验结果进行对比分析,结果显示两种模型都具有良好的准确性,但BMM相比于MPDM误差更小.最后对两种模型的特点和适用性进行分析.     

Influence of the Composition of Two-Isotope Elements on the Magnitude of the Absorption of Resonance Lines of Different Hyperfine Structure

A general method to calculate the dependence of absorption (A) of the resonance lines of two-isotope elements on the isotopic composition (b) of their atoms in an absorbing layer is considered. The contours of the components of the hyperfine structure (hfs) of the lines were assumed to be Doppler. The method is applied to investigate the relation A = f(b) for the resonance lines of Ga, Cu, In, and K.     

结合小波融合和深度学习的脑胶质瘤自动分割

针对水肿区域边界模糊和瘤内结构复杂多变导致的脑胶质瘤分割不精确问题,本文提出了一种基于小波融合和3D-UNet网络的脑胶质瘤磁共振图像自动分割算法.首先,对脑胶质瘤磁共振图像的T1、T1ce、T2、Flair四种模态进行小波融合以及偏置场校正;然后,提取待分类的图像块;再利用提取的图像块训练3D-UNet网络以对图像块中的像素进行分类;最后加载损失率较小的网络模型进行分割,并采用基于连通区域的轮廓提取方法,以降低假阳性率.对57组Brats2018（Brain Tumor Segmentation 2018）磁共振图像测试集进行分割的结果显示,肿瘤的整体、核心和水肿部分的平均分割准确率（DSC）分别达到90.64%、80.74%和86.37%,这表明该算法分割脑胶质瘤准确率较高,与金标准相近.相比多模态图像融合前,该算法在减少输入网络数据量和图像冗余信息的同时,还一定程度上解决了胶质瘤边界模糊、分割不精确的问题,提高了分割的准确度和鲁棒性.     

闪电成像仪虚警率和探测率模拟计算

在明确虚警率和探测率概念基础上,建立了虚警率和探测率与信噪比之间相互关系的定量模型,通过模拟计算给出信噪比对虚警率和探测率的影响.计算结果表明:要使虚警率控制在10%以内,信噪比应该达到5.0以上;要使探测率达到90%,信噪比应该达到5.2～5.7.     

Experimental Study of the Influence of Different Load Changes in Inlet Gas and Solvent Flow Rate on CO2 Absorption in a Sieve Tray Column

An experimental study was conducted in a sieve tray column. This study used a simulated flue gas consisting of 30% CO₂ and 70%. A 10% mass fraction of methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solution was used as a solvent. Three ramp-up tests were performed to investigate the effect of different load changes in inlet gas and solvent flow rate on CO₂ absorption. The rate of change in gas flow rate was 0.1 Nm³/h/s, and the rate of change in MDEA aqueous solution was about 0.7 NL/h/s. It was found that different load changes in inlet gas and solvent flow rate significantly affect the CO₂ volume fraction at the outlet during the transient state. The CO₂ volume fraction reaches a peak value during the transient state. The effect of different load changes in inlet gas and solvent flow rate on the hydrodynamic properties of the sieve tray were also investigated. The authors studied the correlation between the performance of the absorber column for CO₂ capture during the transient state and the hydrodynamic properties of the sieve tray. In addition, this paper presents an experimental investigation of the bubble-liquid interaction as a contributor to entropy generation on a sieve tray in the absorption column used for CO₂ absorption during the transient state of different load changes.     

Calculation of the Effect on the Reflection of the Plane Electromagnetic Wave for Non-Magnetized Plasma with Different Electron Density Distributions

In this paper, shift operator finite-difference time-domain (SO-FDTD) method is applied for the calculation of the dispersive medium. The high efficiency and accuracy of this method is verified by calculating the reflection of the plane electromagnetic wave impinging on a non-magnetized plasma slab with different electron density distributions. The results show that the average electron density only determines overall trends of the reflection, and different distributions affect the oscillating process of the reflection. If the average electron density maintains the same, the distribution of electron density with homogenous or inhomogeneous alternation will sharply take effects on the reflection. And magnitude of alternation of electron density affects the incident frequency directly when the reflection tends to uniform.