鱼子酱中的合成色素反相高效液相色谱法同时测定

建立了反相高效液相色谱法同时测定鱼子酱中的柠檬黄、日落黄、偶氮玉红、苋菜红、胭脂红、赤藓红、红色2G和诱惑红8种合成色素的方法.样品中的合成色素经甲醇-4 mol/L尿素溶液(体积比1 ∶ 1)提取,固相萃取聚酰胺柱净化后,采用XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm×5 μm),以甲醇-乙腈(体积比1 ∶ 1)和0.01 mol/L乙酸钠溶液为流动相,在最佳梯度洗脱条件下,8种合成色素在17 min内实现分离.各色素在0.05 ～50 mg/L质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系.将该法用于实际样品的检测,8种合成色素的加标回收率为89% ～110%,相对标准偏差为1.4% ～4.7%.方法简单、高效,可用于鱼子酱中合成色素的日常监督检测.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中合成色素

提出了液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中8种合成色素柠檬黄、苋菜红、胭脂红、日落黄、诱惑红、亮蓝、赤藓红和偶氮玉红的含量。固体(半固体)样品经乙醇-氨水-水(70+1+29)溶液溶解,所得滤液烘干后用水溶解,经Waters Atlantis dC18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm,5μm)分离,用甲醇和10 mmol.L-1乙酸铵溶液以不同体积比混合进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式串联质谱检测。8种合成色素的质量浓度均在50μg.L-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.003～0.020 mg.kg-1之间。方法应用于食品样品中8种合成色素的测定,回收率在83.0%～112.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定复杂食品基质中8种合成色素的含量北大核心CSCD

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定复杂食品基质中的柠檬黄、日落黄、苋菜红、胭脂红、诱惑红、酸性红、赤藓红、亮蓝等8种合成色素的含量。样品经乙醇-乙腈-甲醇-氨水(3+3+3+1)混合液超声提取3次后,提取液采用ProElut PWA-2固相萃取柱净化,净化液在Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱上分离,以乙腈-0.02mol·L^(-1)乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为254nm。8种合成色素的峰面积与其质量浓度在1.0~50.0mg·L^(-1)内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.25~0.80μg·kg^(-1)之间。加标回收率为84.6%~99.0%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~2.5%之间。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定复杂食品基质中8种合成色素的含量

采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定复杂食品基质中的柠檬黄、日落黄、苋菜红、胭脂红、诱惑红、酸性红、赤藓红、亮蓝等8种合成色素的含量。样品经乙醇-乙腈-甲醇-氨水(3+3+3+1)混合液超声提取3次后,提取液采用ProElut PWA-2固相萃取柱净化,净化液在Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱上分离,以乙腈-0.02mol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为254nm。8种合成色素的峰面积与其质量浓度在1.0~50.0mg·L~(-1)内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.25~0.80μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率为84.6%~99.0%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%~2.5%之间。     

蟹制品中合成色素的多组分同时测定方法研究

建立了高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器多组分同时测定蟹肉棒和蟹糊等蟹制品中柠檬黄、日落黄、苋菜红、赤藓红、偶氮玉红、胭脂红、诱惑红和红色2G等8种合成色素的方法。样品中的合成色素以甲醇-4 mol/L尿素(1+1,V/V)溶液作提取剂进行提取,提取液经聚酰胺柱净化后,在XDB-C18色谱柱上,由0.01 mol/L乙酸钠和甲醇-乙腈(1+1,V/V)组成流动相梯度洗脱下实现了8种合成色素的分离,并在各色素最大吸收波长下进行了定量检测和紫外光谱确证。应用于实际样品的检测,加标浓度分别为5 mg/kg和15 mg/kg时,回收率分别在82.5%~102.8%之间,相对标准偏差在1.0%~6.6%范围内,方法可用于蟹制品中合成色素的检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定粮食中矮壮素和缩节胺残留量

粮食样品用甲醇-水(1+1)溶液超声提取,所得提取液通过Strata-X-C固相萃取小柱净化,用甲醇-0.2mol.L-1乙酸铵溶液(1+1)的混合液洗脱,将洗脱液旋转蒸发至近干,用乙腈-水(2+3)溶液溶解并定容至1 mL供测定。采用Aglient ZORBAX RX-SIL色谱柱(3.0 mm×100mm,1.8μm)分离,以乙腈和0.01mol.L-1乙酸铵溶液(含0.1%甲酸)按体积比20比80混合作为流动相,在0.3mL.min-1流量条件下进行洗脱。质谱测定中采用正离子电离方式,多反应监测扫描模式。矮壮素和缩节胺的质量浓度在0.2～10μg.L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.02,0.05μg.kg-1。用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在80.1%～104.7%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)为2.5%～9.3%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡饲料中硝基咪唑类药物

提出了鸡饲料中5种硝基咪唑类药物(甲硝唑、洛硝哒唑、二甲硝唑、替硝唑和奥硝唑)的液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。鸡饲料样品经乙酸乙酯-5g.L-1碳酸钠混合溶液提取后,取有机相蒸发至干。用0.1mol·L-1磷酸溶液溶解残余物,HLB柱固相萃取净化,所得的乙腈洗脱液经C8色谱柱为分离柱,甲醇和水混合溶液为流动相作梯度淋洗,采用正离子模式多反应监测。5种硝基咪唑类药物的线性范围均为10～500μg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)均为10μg.kg-1。加标回收率为79.4%～91.3%,批内相对标准偏差(n=6)为5.5%～13.9%,批间相对标准偏差(n=6)为6.7%～18.2%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定乳制品中7种防腐剂

采用高效液相色谱法同时测定乳制品中7种防腐剂富马酸二甲酯、纳他霉素、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯异丁酯的含量。样品用甲醇提取,以Symmetry C18色谱柱(4.6mm×25mm,5μm)为固定相,甲醇-0.02mol.L-1乙酸铵(60+40)混合溶液为流动相,用二极管矩阵检测器测定。7种防腐剂在20min内可达到基线分离。7种防腐剂的质量浓度均在1.0～40.0mg.L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.2～0.5mg.kg-1之间。方法用于乳制品分析,加标回收率在87.5%～104%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.5%～8.8%之间。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定中药和保健食品中13种禁用壮阳类药物含量

固样(2.000 0g)加水10.0mL使其超声分散(液样取2.00mL,加水8.0mL),加甲醇稀释至50.0mL。取上清液2.00mL,用0.1 mol·L-1盐酸溶液稀释至10.0 mL。所得溶液经Cleanert PCX混合型阳离子固相萃取柱净化、氨水-甲醇(5+95)混合液洗脱。洗出液进行色谱分离,用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱作固定相,并以不同体积比的乙腈和0.01 mol·L-1乙酸铵溶液(pH 3.5)的混合液为流动相进行梯度淋洗。质谱分析中,采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式检测。13种壮阳类化合物的质量浓度在1.0~1 000μg·L-1范围内呈线性,方法的检出限(3S/N)在3.0~40μg·kg-1之间。加标回收率为80.1%~111%,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于8%。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定高能发射药中5种组分

提出了反相高效液相色谱法测定高能发射药中5种组分硝化甘油(NG)、黑索今(RDX)、硝基胍(NQ)、Ⅱ号中定剂(C2)和邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯(DOP)的含量。试样溶解后进行色谱分离,采用Agilent色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(60+40)混合溶液(用于分离NG、RDX、NQ和C2)和甲醇-水(95+5)混合溶液(用于分离DOP),在波长220nm处进行测定。NG的质量浓度在0.42～4.08g.L-1,RDX在1.41～5.04g.L-1,NQ在1.11～3.74g.L-1,C2在0.07～0.90g.L-1,DOP在0.08～0.37g.L-1时分别与其峰面积呈线性关系。5种化合物的加标回收率在99.3%～101.9%之间;相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.19%～3.1%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.