电化学冷蒸气发生-原子荧光光谱法测定人发中的痕量汞

采用自制的电化学流通池作为汞蒸气发生器,以玻碳为阴极材料,结合原子荧光光谱法,在断续流动条件下,建立了电化学冷蒸气发生法-原子荧光光谱联用技术(ECVG-AFS)对汞的分析方法.在优化的实验条件下,汞在0～5.0μg/L范围内荧光强度与浓度呈良好的线性关系,汞的检出限为1.2 ng/L.对1μg/L Hg测定的相对标准偏差为1.8%(n=11).可用于人发标准样品中汞的测定.     

热解吸收-冷原子荧光光谱法测定水泥中痕量汞

将热解吸收技术应用于冷原子荧光光谱法测定水泥样品中痕量汞含量。采用自制的石英管加热550℃处理样品,用0.01mol·L-1高锰酸钾溶液作为吸收液吸收释放出的汞蒸气,用盐酸羟胺还原过量的高锰酸钾后直接进样测定。试验中优化了仪器的工作参数和试验条件。分析中采用载气及屏蔽气的流量依次为400mL.min-1及1 000mL.min-1。荧光强度与汞的质量浓度在2μg·L-1以内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3σ)为0.020μg·L-1。应用此法分析土壤标准样品(GBW 07405),测定值(0.30μg.g-1)与证书值(0.29±0.03μg.g-1)相符;方法用于测定水泥中汞含量,加标回收率在97.0%～107.0%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.7%～4.1%之间。     

氢化物发生-双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定茶叶和木耳中硒及汞量

经洗净烘干并磨碎的试样在硝酸中浸泡过夜后在硝酸-高氯酸中消解,蒸发至冒白烟并继续蒸至近干,加入一定量的盐酸微沸1～2min,使硒(Ⅵ)还原为硒(Ⅳ),溶液用盐酸(5+95)定容至50mL。此溶液由载流盐酸(5+95)溶液送入氢化物发生器,与还原剂10g.L-1 KBH4溶液混合并反应生成硒的氢化物,样品中汞则生成原子态汞蒸气。两者由载气引入原子化器,在选定的仪器工作条件下,测定硒及汞的荧光强度。在实际样品中,硒、汞共存的浓度比未超过10,在同时测定中两者之间互不干扰。按所提出的条件测定,硒、汞的质量浓度在1.0～5.0μg.L-1范围内与相应的荧光强度值之间呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)依次为0.077,0.009 8μg.L-1。对仪器测定精密度做了试验,测得其相对标准偏差(n=7)依次为1.98%,1.31%。     

微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定土壤及生物样品中铅和汞

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定了土壤及生物样品中铅和汞。样品用硝酸4mL及过氧化氢1mL按微波消解仪的工作参数进行消解,消解后溶液定容至25mL供测定。用30g·L-1柠檬酸溶液和硝酸(1+99)溶液的混合液作载流,根据铅(Ⅱ)离子的反应和试液对酸度的要求,选用含15g·L-1硼氢化钾,10g·L-1铁氰化钾和20g·L-1氢氧化钾的混合溶液作为还原剂。方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.512μg·L-1(铅)和0.067μg·L-1(汞)。应用此方法分析了3种实样并进行加标回收试验,测得回收率分别在91.0%~97.0%(铅)和88.0%~95.5%(汞)之间。     

微波消解样品-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定橡胶及其制品中微量汞

称取经冷冻粉碎的橡胶样品0.2g,用硝酸6mL和过氧化氢2mL在密闭的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)消解罐中进行微波消解,所得溶液定容至50mL。分取此溶液5.00mL,加盐酸(5+95)溶液至10mL,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定此溶液中的汞含量。经试验选定分析条件:1用0.5g·L-1硼氢化钾溶液(溶于2g·L-1氢氧化钠溶液中)作还原剂;2以盐酸(5+95)溶液作载流;3光电倍增管负高压为260V;4灯电流为15mA;5原子化器高度为10mm;6载气和屏蔽气流量依次为300,800mL·min-1。方法的检出限(3s/k)为3μg·L-1。用标准加入法做回收试验,测得平均回收率为95.7%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)为4.3%。选取含汞高及低量的样品各1个,分别由10家实验室对所提出的方法做验证,结果较好。     

化学蒸气发生-多通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定化探样品中的砷、锑、铋、汞

采用氢化物发生-四通道原子荧光光谱仪同时测定化探样品中砷、锑、铋和汞的含量。试样溶于盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)的混合酸中,分取适量试液在盐酸(1+4)溶液和含硫脲10g·L-1的介质中预还原30min。用纯氩气作载气和屏蔽气,流量依次为300,900mL·min-1。仪器采用间歇流动进样方式,硼氢化钾溶液的质量浓度为15g·L-1。上述4种元素的质量浓度在一定范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)为0.031μg·L-1(砷)、0.028μg·L-1(锑)、0.024μg·L-1(铋)和0.004 8μg·L-1(汞)。应用此方法分析了化探样品,并用标准加入法对上述4种元素进行回收试验,测得回收率在95.4%~101%之间。     

流动注射冷原子发生-原子荧光光谱法测定中药材中汞

提出了中药材中微量汞的冷原子发生-原子荧光光谱测定方法.采用微波技术用HNO3 H2O2消解样品,分取1.0 mL试样溶液用断续流动方式进样.荧光强度与汞的质量浓度在25 μg·L-1以内呈线性关系,检出限(3S)为0.02μg·L-1.按此方法分析了10种药材,汞测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于5%,加标回收率在97.2%～102.7%之间.     

加速溶剂提取-液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定对虾饲料中5种形态的汞北大核心CSCD

称取经粉碎的样品1.000 0g,置于加速溶剂提取池中,加入10mL的5mol·L-1盐酸溶液、1mL的5mol·L-1氯化钾溶液和2mL的10mol·L-1半胱氨酸溶液;在8.0MPa和70℃下,预加热2min,加热5 min,静态提取5min,分离,重复上述提取过程2次,合并提取液;加入0.2mL的0.5mol·L-1半胱氨酸溶液、1.5mL的6mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液,以10 000r·min-1离心5min,将上清液氮吹浓缩并用硝酸(5+95)溶液定容至1mL,过0.45μm尼龙滤膜后,采用Eclipse XDB-C18反相色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5.0μm)分离溶液中的甲基汞、乙基汞、无机汞、硫柳汞和苯基汞,流动相为50g·L-1乙腈溶液+5g·L-1乙酸铵溶液+1g·L-1半胱氨酸溶液(体积比为1∶1∶1),用原子荧光光谱仪进行测定。5种形态的汞的质量浓度在一定范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在1.0~2.5μg·kg-1之间。加标回收率在91.0%~98.3%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.94%~2.7%之间。     

冷原子荧光光谱法测定饮用水中痕量汞

针对测定痕量汞的目标,对AFS-930原子荧光光度计的操作条件作了优化试验;特别在PMT的负高压及原子化温均选用了有利于痕量测定的低值,即依次为270 V及200℃。此外,试样测试溶液的硝酸酸度也用了低值即0.16~0.48 mol.L-1硝酸,试验证明在此酸度条件下,可使测定有良好稳定性和精密度。在最佳工作条件下,汞浓度在0~1.0μg.L-1范围内保持线性关系,相关系数达0.999 9。对三种浓度水平的汞进行精密度试验,测定值的RSD均小于2.14%。此方法的检出限为0.002 0μg.L-1,回收率试验的结果在95.8%至104.4%之间。     

流动注射-氢化物发生-电热原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量汞

在酸性溶液中,水样中多种状态存在的汞用高锰酸钾或溴酸钾氧化为二价汞离子,应用流动注射技术和氢化物发生法与电热原子吸收光谱法相结合,在253.7 nm波长下测定了汞含量。方法的线性范围为0.2~15μg.L-1(r=0.999 9)。测得方法的检出限(3σ)为0.094μg.L-1。在水样中加入不同量的汞标准溶液作回收试验,测得回收率在95.7%~104.6%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.