光纤玻璃中痕量钒的催化极谱测定

本文研究SiO_2-Tl_2O-PbO-Na_2O光纤玻璃中痕量钒的催化极谱测定。样品溶于HF-H_2SO_4中,铅以PbSO_4沉淀分离之后,在0.5—1M H_2SO_4介质中用氯仿萃取钒的铜铁试剂螯合物,最后在0.1M KH_2PO_4—0.04M H_2O_2 (pH4.8)支持电解质中进行钒的催化极谱测定。灵敏度为0.0004μg/ml。测定了光纤玻璃中3×10~(-6)～1×10~(-5)％w/w的钒。     

极谱法测定锡锭中痕量镉

研究了单扫描示波极谱法直接测定锡锭中痕量镉的条件,在KI-OP底液介质中,于峰电位一0.70V(νS. SCE)处产生一镉灵敏吸附疲,Cd(Ⅱ)含量在0．1～μg/25ml范围内呈线性。测定含镉o．097μg·g-1的样品,相对标准偏差为11％,测出下限为0．05μg·g-1。加标回收平为95%～103％。所拟方法具有较好的选择性,且简便、快速、准确。     

动力极谱法测定海水中痕量锰

本文研究了孔雀绿极谐波性能,确定在醋酸-醋酸钠(pH=4.2)介质中,在示波极谱仪上可得到良好的极谱波。峰电位为-0.67伏(S.C.E)。用极谱法研究锰催化高碘酸钾氧化孔雀绿反应的机理。介绍了不需分离而直接测定海水中痕量锰的方法。其灵敏度可达0.2μg/l,对含10.1/μg锰的海水样进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为4.1%。本法亦适合自来水、河水中锰的分析。     

铋膜电极溶出伏安法测定食品中痕量重金属

以铋膜电极为工作电极,采用微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法直接测定食品样品中痕量铅、镉和锌。在富集电位-1.4V,富集时间180s,铋膜质量浓度150μg·L-1的条件下,铋膜电极对铅、镉和锌的氧化溶出具有良好的电化学响应。铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在5.0~40μg·L-1的范围内与其阳极溶出峰电流呈线性关系,铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.80,0.65,0.58μg·L-1。对25μg·L-1铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)溶液用铋膜电极连续测定15次,相对标准偏差分别为6.2%,5.1%,7.1%。方法应用于食品中痕量重金属的测定,测定结果与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的测定值相符。     

浊点萃取-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中痕量铅的方法。以双硫腙为络合剂,在pH 8.0的硼砂溶液中,用非离子表面活性剂Triton X-114浊点萃取样品溶液中痕量铅。选用15.0 g·L~(-1)硼氢化钾溶液作为产生氢化铅的还原剂,氢化物发生反应在盐酸(1+99)介质中进行,铅的质量浓度在0.05～3.2μg·L~(-1)范围内与其相应的荧光强度呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.016μg·L~(-1)。应用此方法测定了水中铅的含量,测得回收率在96.5%～104.6%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)均小于5%。     

2-(β-甲氧基乙基)吡啶的极谱分析

交流电示波极谱法与普通极谱法都可用以测定2-(β-甲氧基乙基)吡啶.用交流电示波极谱法与0.1M氢氧化钠底液时,2-(β-甲氧基乙基)吡啶的(dV/dt)-V曲线上,在阴极支与阳极支各有一切口.浓度为10m M,温度在25℃时,阴极支与阳极支的切口电位,分别为-1.33和-1.28伏(对S.C.E.).浓度在2—40mM范围内,可根据阴极支的切口高度测定此种化合物.以下三种现象足以证明2-(β-甲氧基乙基)吡啶在滴汞电极上形成吸附膜并使双电层的电容迅速改变而产生切口:(1)此化合物能使二价铅离子在阴极支上的切口消失.(2)其dV/dt(即曲线的高度)约为0.1M氢氧化钠底液的二倍.(3)升高电解波的温度,则切口缩短.就这些现象说,2-(β-甲氧基乙基)吡啶与吡啶极相似,但可根据切口电位区分.用普通极谱法与0.1M氢氧化钠底液时,2-(β-甲氧基乙基)吡啶产生良好的极谱波.浓度在6—51mM范围内,波高与浓度成线性关系.浓度为1.0×10^-2M,温度在25℃,校正的半波电位为1.23伏(对S.C.E.).改变汞柱高度时,i_d/h^1/2值极近常数.提高电解液的温度,极谱电流略为升高.后两种试验都证明普通极谱法的电极过程是扩散控制的.吡啶在相同条件下不产生极谱波.     

共振散射光谱法测定环境水样中痕量锡（Ⅱ）

在pH 4.3的缓冲介质中,痕量锡(Ⅱ)对氯酚红-人血白蛋白-十二烷基硫酸钠体系的共振散射光谱有明显的减弱作用,共振散射强度的减弱程度(△I)与锡(Ⅱ)的质量浓度之间在0.2～4.0μg·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.12μg·L-1,用于3件环境水样中痕量锡(Ⅱ)的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3.5 %,加标回收率为95.5%～100.6%.     

痕量碲的示波极谱测定

极谱法测定碲已有不少报道,但在草酸一次甲基蓝介质中,示波极谱法测定痕量碲未见资料介绍。我们发现,在草酸-次甲基蓝溶液中,在电位-0.75V(vs·SCE)处,有一清晰的导数极谱波。TeO_2的浓度在2.0×10~(-7)-1.2×10~(-5)mg/ml之间与波高成线性关系。检测下限达5×10~(-8)mg/ml,该法用于小麦面粉和纯铋中痕量啼的测定。结果表明,该法具有灵敏、快速、准确之特点。仪器和试剂 JP-1A型示波极谱仪(成都仪器厂),使用三电极体系。工作电极-滴汞电极;对电极-     

催化动力学极谱法测定痕量钒

在硫酸介质中,以酒石酸为活化剂,痕量钒对溴酸钾氧化甲基橙的反应有极强的催化作用,以极谱法监测催化反应过程中甲基橙及其氧化产物浓度的变化,建立了双峰指示催化动力学极谱法制定痕量钒的新方法,方法的线性范围为0.23-3.70μg/L,检出限为0.17μg/L。方法已用于食品及水样中痕量钒的测定。     

示波极谱法同时测定尿中铅和镉

研究示波极谱法同时测定尿中铅和镉的方法.运用正交试验选择底液的组成为碘化钾-抗坏血酸-浓盐酸-磷酸.用硝酸、高氯酸、盐酸混合酸消化尿样,消化液在酸性介质中,置极谱仪的三电极系统,样品溶液在滴汞电极上产生还原电流,分别于-480 mV和-620 mV处测量铅和镉的峰电流,对尿样中铅和镉进行测定,铅、镉的质量浓度在100 μg·L-1以内与峰电流呈线性关系.铅、镉的相对标准偏差分别为6.91%,6.45%,检出限(3S/N)分别为2.0,1.0 μg·L-1,回收率分别为88.4%～101.4%,83.1%～103.5%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.