Resolving Discrepancy between Theoretical and Experimental Optical Trapping Forces Using Effects of Beam Waist and Trapping Position Displacement due to Gravity

Optical trapping forces of polystyrene microspheres are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally, and comparisons are made between the two. Discrepancies are mainly caused by straight-ray approximation for axial trapping, and by trapping-position vertical displacement due to gravity for transverse trapping.     

Experimental Analysis of Optical Trapping System Using Tapered Hemispherically Lensed Optical Fiber

We describe the operation and performance of an optical fiber trap realized using a tapered hemispherically lensed optical fiber. Axial and transverse trapping forces exerted on a microsphere are experimentally analyzed to corroborate the optical trapping using an optical fiber. Experimental results are as follows. (i) Transverse force F_tr acting on a sphere is a restoring force that acts to pull the microsphere back to the center of trap. (ii) Axial force F_ax always acts to push a sphere in the direction of the beam away from the trapping fiber end. (iii) Vector sum of F_tr and F_ax acting on a sphere gives a restoring force directed back to the stable point. (iv) Transverse force F_tr plays a significant role in trapping a micro-sized object by means of an optical fiber.This paper was originally presented at the 5th International Conference on NEAR FIELD OPTICS and RELATED TECHNOLOGIES (NFO-5), which was held on December 6–10, 1998 at Coganoi Bay Hotel, Shirahama, Japan, in cooperation with the Japan Society of Applied Physics and Mombusho Grant-in Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas “Near-field Nano-optics” Project, sponsored by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.     

光镊力影响因素的计算分析

运用基于T矩阵算法的开源光镊计算工具包对可能影响光镊力的微粒尺寸、相对折射率以及光束模式进行了研究,计算结果表明,这三方面因素都会对光镊力产生显著影响,微粒直径与波长相等、相对折射率尽可能大时选择恰当的光束模式能够产生最佳的光镊捕获效果.     

时域有限差分法数值仿真单光镊中微球受到的光阱力

本文采用三维时域有限差分法(FDTD)和Maxwell应力张量法建立了单光镊在焦点附近俘获球形微粒的光阱力模型,采用基于球矢量波函数(VSWF)的五阶高斯光源作为仿真光源,得到了准确的光场传播.讨论了光源的波长、束腰、偏振态和微球的半径、折射率对光阱力的影响,分析了在单光镊俘获微球时,邻近微球对光阱力的影响.特别研究了光源的偏振态对微球所受光阱力的作用效果,仿真结果表明圆偏振光比线偏振光对微球的俘获力更大;被光镊稳定俘获的微球,会受到邻近微球干扰,失去平衡状态,改变光源的偏振态可以改变微球的受力状态.关键词：光镊光阱力介质微球时域有限差分法(FDTD)     

Rotation rate of a three-wing rotor illuminated by upward-directed focused beam in optical tweezers

The optical torque and the trapping position (focal point) in optical tweezers are analyzed for upward-directed focused laser illumination using a ray optics model, considering that laser light is incident at not only the lower surface but also the side surface of a 3-wing rotor. The viscous drag force due to the pressure and the shearing stress on all surfaces of the rotor is evaluated using computational fluid dynamics. The rotation rate is simulated in water by balancing the optical torque with the drag force, resulting in 500 rpm for an SU-8 rotor with 20 μm diameter at a laser power of 200 mW. The trapping position is estimated to be 7.6 μm in the rotor with an upward-directed laser at 200 mW via an objective lens having a numerical aperture of 1.4. Both the rotation rate and the trapping position agree well with the values obtained in the experiment.     

光的力学效应及光阱力的测量

介绍一个利用光镊技术直观地演示光的力学效应的实验。简要讨论了开设这一实验的背景和目的，给出了光镊原理、实验装置、光阱力的测量方法和实验安排。     

高度聚焦的余弦高斯光束对瑞利粒子的辐射力分析

通过数值计算,得出了聚焦后的余弦高斯光束在瑞利粒子上产生的辐射力在整个空间的分布情况.研究发现,利用余弦高斯光束操控粒子是可行的,且利用余弦高斯光束能同时对高折射率粒子和低折射率粒子进行俘获.关键词：余弦高斯光束光陷俘辐射力     

高斯波束对双层粒子的辐射俘获力

从广义米理论出发,将入射高斯波束用矢量球谐函数展开.根据对电磁场动量的讨论,得出了高斯波束对多层球形粒子的辐射俘获力的表示式,并就单高斯波束对在轴双层有吸收粒子受到的辐射俘获力进行了数值模拟,讨论了束腰半径、吸收系数、内外层相对厚度对俘获情况的影响.关键词：辐射俘获力多层球形粒子光镊高斯波束     

激光对含偏心核球形粒子的辐射俘获力

利用偏心球形粒子对任意角度入射有形波束散射的理论,从广义米理论出发,根据电磁场的动量守恒及麦克斯韦张量,推导了任意入射波束对偏心球形粒子辐射俘获力的级数表达式,并以高斯波束为例,就离轴入射有吸收偏心球形粒子时的辐射俘获力进行了数值模拟,讨论了束腰半径、吸收系数、内核的相对大小及位置对俘获情况的影响.关键词：广义米理论偏心球辐射俘获力光镊     

激光捕获技术及其发展

激光捕获技术是利用光辐射力来捕捉、移动和操纵微粒的先进技术。光镊即单光束梯度力光阱是通过在高度会聚的激光束束腰附近所产生的极高的场强梯度来形成皮牛顿量级的力,可以三维地捕获和操纵微小粒子。阐述了激光捕获技术的模型和原理以及系统的基本结构;追踪了激光捕获技术的最新研究进展;介绍了非高斯型光阱、光纤光阱和全息光镊等几种特殊形式,并分析了每种形式的特点。展望了激光捕获技术的发展前景。     

红外显微观测被俘获吸光性颗粒

光镊技术被广泛应用在俘获和操纵微纳米尺寸颗粒, 目前被研究学者普遍接受的俘获吸光性颗粒的机理为光泳力. 本文实现了对空气中被俘获的吸光性颗粒的红外显微观测. 当激光器功率为1.0 W时, 成功观测到被俘获墨粉颗粒(直径约7 μm)和甲苯胺蓝颗粒(直径约为1–20 μm)的温升约为14 K, 为光泳力理论提供了强有力的证据. 另外, 首次用可见光显微镜和红外显微镜同时观测到被俘获颗粒的周期振荡现象, 并分析了振荡现象的产生机理.关键词：光镊光俘获红外显微     

Micro-Rotation by Flow-Induced Torque in an Optical Trap

We report a new, simplified mechanism for performing micro-rotation. A sample chamber filled with aqueous solution and mounted on a piezoelectric transducer (PZT)-driven stage was used to produce flow-induced torque for rotating micro-objects. We demonstrated the scheme by rotating ellipsoidal yeast particles and a two-sphere system with 20 mW of laser power. Clockwise or counterclockwise rotation could be controlled by changing the initial angular position of the object trapped and by reversing the direction of the PZT-driven stage. This mechanism has potential applications in microfabrication, biotechnology and fluidic technology.     

瑞利粒子在贝塞尔光束中的横向受力

为寻找捕获瑞利粒子的最佳光场,利用电磁模型推导了贝塞尔光束捕获粒子的最小半径的表达式,并数值计算了瑞利粒子在贝塞尔光束和高斯光束中所受的横向力和势阱的深度。结果表明:当激光功率为4 W时,贝塞尔光束仅能在光轴处稳定地捕获瑞利粒子;当激光功率达到6 W时,贝塞尔光束能够在光轴和次极大位置捕获瑞利粒子。在相同的激光参数条件下,高斯光束无法克服布朗运动的影响稳定地捕获瑞利粒子,贝塞尔光束更有利于捕获瑞利粒子。     

Calculation of acoustical radiation force on microsphere by spherically-focused source

Based on the ray acoustics approach, the trapping effects on a microsphere by an ideally spherically-focused ultrasound are discussed. The acoustical radiation force from a focused ultrasound beam on a spherical particle in a three-dimensional sound field is calculated considering the effect of the attenuation of the ultrasound beam both inside the particle and in the surrounding medium. The results show that as long as the particle is in the range of the ultrasound beam and as long as the appropriate parameters of the transducer are selected, the particle will be captured in the vicinity of the focus of the ultrasound beam. Also, the particle radius and different parameters of the transducer are analyzed for their affect on the radiation force.