原子吸收光谱法测定清热解毒类中草药中的11种微量元素

采用灰化法处理样品,HNO₃溶解灰化残渣,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了射干、白头翁、山豆根、鱼腥草、连翘、大青叶、车前草、野菊花、金银花、莲子芯、蒲公英、板兰根等20种中草药中的Ca,Mg,Mn,Cu,Fe,Zn,Cd,Pb,Co,Ni和Cr共11种微量元素。结果表明：清热解毒中草药中含有丰富的Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn和Cu等对人体有益的微量元素;加标回收率90％～110％。     

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素

采用HNO3－HClO4(4:1)混酸消化用于治疗糖尿病的消渴丸、玉泉丸、渴乐宁、降糖舒、降糖Ⅰ-Ⅴ号9种中成药，用原子吸收光谱法对药物消化液中的Cu,Zn,Ni,Co,Mn,Cr,Mo,Fe,Ca,Mg,Cd,Pb12种微量元素进行了分析测定。该方法的加标回收率为97％－105％，相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5％，具有良好的准确度和精密度。结果表明：糖尿病类中成药中除Cd,Pb外，其余10种元素的含量均较为丰富，本测定结果为探讨上述糖尿病类中成药中微量元素的含量与药效的相关关系提供了有用的数据。     

ICP-MS测定章松八味沉香散中的微量元素

采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法（ICP-MS）分析藏药章松八味沉香散中铬、钴、铜、锰、锌、钼、铁、镍等8种微量元素的含量,其中铁、铜、镍、锰含量较高,其他元素含量较低,藏药章松八味沉香散中元素的分布特点与章松八味沉香散具有消心热、宁心安神、行气降压之功效有关,为现代用药提供了参考数据。     

Trace Elements in Lycium barbarum L. Leaves by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry after Microwave Assisted Digestion and Multivariate Analysis

The concentrations of 14 elements in Lycium barbarum L. leaves collected from the Qaidam basin (China) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave assisted digestion. This work presents two goals: (1) to determine 14 elements in L. barbarum leaves; (2) to examine the relationship between elements using correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. The accuracy and precision were verified against a GBW07605 Tea Leaves certified reference material. The results demonstrated that the method was reliable, reproducible, and suitable for determination of the concentrations of trace elements in L. barbarum leaves. Correlation analysis showed that aluminum–copper, arsenic–zinc, manganese–selenium, and chromium–iron have medium correlation coefficients. Principal component loading for L. barbarum leaves extracted seven components explained about 85% of the total variance. Cluster analysis depicts four clusters: (1) arsenic and titanium; (2) calcium, magnesium, manganese, selenium, and zinc; (3) cobalt, iron, and molybdenum; (4) aluminum, copper, and chromium.     

Rapid analysis on the heavy metal content of spent zinc–manganese batteries by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique was used to investigate the applicability for the rapid analysis on the heavy metals in spent Zn–Mn batteries. Besides the major elements carbon and zinc, a number of minor and trace elements, such as iron, manganese, vanadium, chromium, aluminum, silicon, calcium, copper, magnesium and lead were identified in the positive and negative electrode materials, and their concentrations were determined. It was found that the concentrations of heavy metals of vanadium, vanadium, manganese, zinc, iron and copper were high in the mixture of positive electrode material, while zinc and lead had high concentration in the negative electrode material. These heavy metals are of a great harm to the environment and human health.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铁树中微量元素

采用干式灰化法对铁树叶进行灰化处理,将其残渣溶于HNO3溶液中,用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了铁树中的Cd、Co、Mn、Zn、Mg、Ca、Fe、Pb、Cu、Ni等10种微量元素的含量.实验表明,铁树中Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn含量较丰富.     

原子吸收光谱法测定抗肿瘤中成药中微量元素

利用原子吸收光谱法测定了复方天仙胶囊、消癌平片、参灵蓝胶囊、至灵胶囊和参莲胶囊5种抗肿瘤中成药中的15种微量元素。详细讨论了消化液(混酸)种类、混酸比例、消化时间及消化液体积对测定结果的影响。结果表明：5种抗癌中成药中,Ca,Mg,K,Na,Fe,Zn,Mn,Co和Ni的含量较为丰富。     

抗缺氧藏药中微量及宏量元素的测定

用HNO₃-HClO₄(4∶1) 混酸作消化液对红景天胶囊、安神散、五味石榴散、章松八味沉香散、十六味杜鹃散、二十五味余甘子丸、二十五味竹黄胶囊、十五味龙胆丸、秘诀清凉散、七十味珍珠丸、八味沉香散、六味丁香散和七味葡萄散等13种抗缺氧藏成药进行消化,采用火焰原子吸收分光光法测定了其中银、铝、镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、汞、镁、锰、镍、铅、锡和锌等14种微量及宏量元素的含量。结果表明,抗缺氧藏成药中含有比较丰富的铁、镁、铜、铬、锌及锰等微量元素。为探讨微量、宏量元素与藏成药抗氧化作用之间的关系提供了有用的数据。     

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素

用ＨＮＯ３－ＨＣｌＯ４（４：１）混酸作消化液对（维Ｃ）强力银翘片、黄连上清片、三黄片、感冒清、穿心莲、鼻炎康、板蓝根冲剂、牛黄解毒片、重感片、双黄连口服液及９清热解毒口服液进行消化,用原子吸收光谱法对药物消化后溶液中的Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ十种元素进行了分析测定。实验表明,清热解毒类药物中Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｍｎ含量较为丰富。     

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素

利用原子吸收光谱法测定了老年咳喘片、复方半夏片、胃痛宁片、拳参片、参芪降糖胶囊、夏桑菊颗粒和美国洋参含片7种中成药中Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,K,Na,Mn,Cu,Cr,Co,Sr,Ni,Cd和Pb元素的含量。详细研究了消化液(混酸)种类、混酸中HNO₃和HClO₄比例、消化液体积及消化时间对测定结果的影响。结果表明：所选7种药物中Ca,Mg,Fe,K和Na的含量普遍比较丰富;治疗糖尿病的药物参芪降糖胶囊中Mn的含量较为丰富,而胃痛宁片中有较丰富的Sr,Mn和Cu元素。     

ICP-AES测定向日葵花盘中13种金属元素

向日葵花盘经湿法消解,采用ICP-AES对其中钾、钙、钠、钡、铝、铬、铜、镁、铁、锰、镍、锶、锌13种元素进行测定.对光谱仪的工作条件及分析谱线等测定条件进行了选择,并进行了方法的回收率及精密度试验,其回收率在95％-122％之间.     

Revisiting the sodium and calcium matrix effects in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Excitation mechanisms by inelastic collisions

Abstract

The dependence of calcium and sodium matrix effects on the total excitation energy of analyte emission signals was used as a tool for the study of excitation mechanisms in radial view mode inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. A total of 95 atomic and 66 ionic emission signals of aluminum, cobalt, chromium, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, and silicon in the 3.0–17.59?eV energy range were measured at the non-robust plasma operating conditions to facilitate the matrix effect study. Different matrix effects versus total excitation energy relationships were observed regarding the energy interval. The change of sign from negative to positive of the both matrix effect versus total excitation energy relationship observed around 14?eV, in the 12.06–17.59?eV energy range, is interpreted as experimental evidence of the action of two non-thermic excitation mechanisms: Penning ionization from approximately 12 to 14?eV and charge transfer from 14 to 17?eV. Based on the energy resonance principle and total spin conservation Wigner’s Theorem, possible reactions between excited ionic argon and ground state analyte ions were proposed.     

Double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for trace element analysis in sintered iron oxide ceramics

Double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging technique for accurate compositional analysis of many different materials. We present a systematic study of collinear double-pulse LIBS for analysis of the trace and side elements boron, manganese, copper, aluminum, titanium, silicon, chromium, nickel, potassium, and calcium in sintered iron oxide targets. The samples were ablated in air by single-pulse and double-pulse Nd:YAG laser radiation (6 ns pulse duration, laser wavelength of 532 nm) and spectra were recorded with an Echelle spectrometer equipped with an ICCD camera. We investigated the evolution of atomic and ionic line emission intensities for different interpulse delay times between the laser pulses (from 100 ns to 50 μs) and gate delays after the second laser pulse. We also varied the energy partition between the first and second laser pulse and the size of the irradiated spot at the sample surface. For the trace and side elements, we observed double-pulse LIBS signals that were enhanced as compared to single-pulse measurements depending on the interpulse delay time, the energy partition between the pulses, and the spot size. For the elements boron, copper, aluminum, titanium, chromium, potassium, and calcium limits of detection below 10 ppm were achieved.     

微波消解ICP-AES法检测动物毛被中微量元素的方法研究

针对动物毛被样品的复杂基质,对样品的预处理方法进行了专门研究,利用民用微波炉代替专业微波反应器,采用微波加热技术,利用试剂的不同特点,分别对试剂硝酸、过氧化氢、盐酸和水的配比及试液体积进行试验,对不同的反应功率和反应进行所需的时间都进行了条件试验的研究,优化实验条件,确定选择HNO₃-H₂O₂-HCl-H₂O酸溶体系,四种试剂配比为8∶1∶1∶5,输出功率360 W条件下加热5 min,进行试样密闭消解处理动物毛被样品,采用标准溶液基体匹配法消除动物毛被样品复杂的基体干扰,利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析技术,同时检测１８个动物毛被样品的常量和微量元素。该方法经国家人发标准物质GBW07601验证,测得方法相对误差在0.83%～9.59%之间,相对标准偏差在0.81%～5.20%之间,该方法的检出限、精密度和准确度各项检测指标在动物毛被实际样品分析中得到验证,均能满足生物样品检测要求。     

Enhanced material classification using turbulence-degraded polarimetric imagery

An enhanced material-classification algorithm using turbulence-degraded polarimetric imagery is presented. The proposed technique improves upon an existing dielectric/metal material-classification algorithm by providing a more detailed object classification. This is accomplished by redesigning the degree-of-linear-polarization priors in the blind-deconvolution algorithm to include two subclasses of metals--an aluminum group classification (includes aluminum, copper, gold, and silver) and an iron group classification (includes iron, titanium, nickel, and chromium). This new classification provides functional information about the object that is not provided by existing dielectric/metal material classifiers. A discussion of the design of these new degree-of-linear-polarization priors is provided. Experimental results of two painted metal samples are also provided to verify the algorithm's accuracy.     

用原子吸收法测定大气颗粒物中的金属元素 --用CA-CN型微孔滤膜采样

本文用０．２２μｍ孔径的微孔滤膜采集大气颗粒物中的铜,铅,锌,镉,锰,铁,镍,铬,并用原子吸收分光光度计测定。     

中药红花总黄酮及微量元素含量的分析研究

采用紫外分光光度法测定了新疆地产中药红花中总黄酮的含量,在200～400 nm波长范围内扫描,最大吸收波长为λ=267.00 nm。原子吸收分光光度法测定了K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu和Zn十种微量、常量元素的含量。结果显示红花中含有丰富的微量元素和较高的总黄酮,微量元素含量较高的是Ca, Mg, Cr, Cu和Zn元素。实验结果为探讨中药红花中总黄酮含量与微量元素的关系及研究红花中微量元素与治疗心脑血管疾病的关系提供了有用的数据。     

中药丹参及其近缘种中微量元素的主成分和聚类分析

采用原子吸收光谱法测定了不同产地的中药丹参及其近缘种植物白花丹参、雪山鼠尾草、云南鼠尾草、甘西鼠尾草、贵州鼠尾草、血盆草、粘毛鼠尾草、峨眉鼠尾草、黄鼠狼花、短唇鼠尾草和犬形鼠尾草中的Cu,Zn,Fe,Mg,Ca,Cr,Pb,Mo,Mn和Cd共10种微量元素的含量,应用主成分和聚类分析法对测定结果进行了研究。经过主成分分析得出3个主因子,其累计方差贡献率达79.3%。第一主因子的方差贡献率为49.6%,故所对应的Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cd和Pb是丹参及其近缘种的特征元素。聚类分析将21个样品聚成2组,除浙江栽培丹参和白花丹参外,来自不同产地的9个丹参样品聚为一组;除贵州鼠尾草外,其他鼠尾草样品聚在一起,故此法可以将丹参和鼠尾草属其他植物区分开,总符合率达90%。因此利用原子吸收光谱法测定丹参及其近缘种中微量元素含量并对测定结果进行聚类分析是鉴别正品丹参的一种快速、准确的方法。     

Determination of Macro- and Microelements in Cow,Goat, and Human Milk Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

The contents of macro- and microelements in cow, goat, and human milk from Croatia were measured and compared for the first time. The highest concentrations of element were measured in milk cow: calcium 1.4 g/kg, sodium 0.6 g/kg, zinc 4.0 mg/kg, strontium 0.4 mg/kg; goat: magnesium 0.2 g/kg, potassium 2.2 g/kg, iron 0.8 mg/kg, manganese 71 µg/kg, selenium 35 µg/kg, molybdenum 20 µg/kg, chromium 72 µg/kg, lithium 14 µg/kg; and human: copper 193 µg/kg. Equal content of molybdenum (20 µg/kg) was determined in cow and goat milk. Significant differences in element levels between the three species were determined. Concentrations of magnesium, manganese, selenium, chromium, and lithium in goat milk were significantly higher than in cow milk. Significantly lower levels of calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, and strontium were determined in human milk than in cow and goat milk. Chromium content was significantly higher in goat than in human milk. Copper content in human milk was significantly higher than in cow milk. Correlations, mostly moderate and positive, were found between elements in cow and goat milk.     

Self-organization processes in the cellular structure formation of Ni-W alloys

The self-organization processes, the growth steadiness, and the stability of the cellular structure morphology of Ni-W alloy single crystals with a tungsten concentration of 25–40% have been investigated. The temperature gradient in the crystallization front, the oriented crystallization rate, doping with aluminum, titanium, chromium, and molybdenum, and the tungsten concentration have been considered as nonequilibrium factors. The nonlinear dependence of the structure characteristics on the growth parameters, including the temperature gradient, the oriented crystallization rate, and the tungsten concentration, has been determined. Dendrite features of the cellular morphology of the crystallization front are the result of the self-organization processes and promote the steady growth of single crystals with a high degree of structural perfection. A mechanism of the morphological transition from hexagonal to square cells has been proposed.