Study of dispersion and absorption of an ensemble of spherical particles inside an optical cavity and new possibilities of predicting the optical characteristics of biological media by intracavity laser spectroscopy

Optical characteristics, namely, dispersion and absorption spectra of an ensemble of spherical particles randomly oriented inside an optical cavity are investigated. The study is based on the self-consistent matching of new data from the inhomogeneous optical cavity with data from the scattering of an ensemble of spherical particles of different size, randomly oriented in free space. As a result, a new model, which self-consistently accounts for multiple scattering in the optical cavity, has been developed to predict absorption and dispersion of ensembles of spherical particles. This model is supposed to enhance potentiality of the intracavity method for plotting wavelength dependences of optical characteristics of media. A specific calculation of dispersion and absorption dependences on the wavelength shows that this method can be used for investigation of biological media consisting of spherical particles, in particular, erythrocyte suspension.     

梯度界面层对复合材料有效光学性质的影响

 研究了球形颗粒被无规地浸没在基质中,具有梯度分界面和光滑分界面的球形颗粒复合物界面层对介电响应和光学性质的影响;利用第一原理近似,计算了在稀释极限下具有梯度分布界面层复合物的有效介电常数,讨论了其实部和吸收光谱随外加场频率的变化关系。对结果进行比较,发现梯度分布的界面层使复合材料在等离子体共振频率处的有效介电常数的涨落明显减小,吸收谱线明显宽化并伴有“蓝移”现象,梯度界面层能很好地控制等离子体共振和减小有效介电响应的涨落。     

含颗粒涂层的等效光学常数

提出了一种计算含颗粒涂层的等效光学常数新方法.仔细地考虑了球状、柱状和片状颗粒对光的吸收和散射，得到了这种涂层的表观反射率，将这个反射率等效于一个均匀涂层的反射率，从而得到了含颗粒涂层的等效光学常数. 关键词：     

A study of multi-trapping of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers

We develop a pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers, and study its multi-trapping characteristic. The finite difference time domain method is employed to simulate the trapping force characteristic of this pair of single fiber optical tweezers, and the results show that the number of trapped particles depends on the refractive index and the size of the particles. The trapping force of this pair of tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers is calibrated by the experimental method, and the experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The multi-trapping capability realized by the tapered-tip single fiber optical tweezers will be practical and useful for applications in biomedical research fields.     

取向比对椭球气溶胶粒子散射特性的影响

利用T矩阵和离散坐标法研究了取向比对椭球粒子散射特性的影响, 计算了小尺度范围内椭球粒子的散射特征参量, 包括消光效率因子、不对称因子、单次散射反照率、散射相矩阵及双向反射函数(BRDF). 结果表明, 椭球粒子的散射特性与取向比密切相关, 粒子取向比会影响散射参量的振荡频率和振幅, 与球形粒子散射参量的相对差异也呈周期振荡趋势. 研究还发现, 某些特殊粒子尺寸的散射参量与粒子取向比基本无关. 在多次散射条件下, 分析不同取向比粒子群的BRDF随反射角和光学厚度的变化特性. 结果显示: 不同取向比粒子群的BRDF随反射角的变化趋势基本一致, 球形粒子群比非球形粒子群的BRDF曲线波动振幅更大; 球形-非球形粒子的BRDF相对差异随光学厚度和取向比的增大而减小, 随入射角的增大而增大.     

Absorption and scattering properties of arbitrarily shaped particles in the Rayleigh domain: A rapid computational method and a theoretical foundation for the statistical approach

We provide a theoretical foundation for the statistical approach for computing the absorption properties of particles in the Rayleigh domain. We present a general method based on the discrete dipole approximation to compute the absorption and scattering properties of particles in the Rayleigh domain. The method allows to separate the geometrical aspects of a particle from its material properties. Doing the computation of the optical properties of a particle once, provides them for any set of refractive indices, wavelengths and orientations. This allows for fast computations of e.g. absorption spectra of arbitrarily shaped particles. Other practical applications of the method are in the interpretation of atmospheric and radar measurements as well as computations of the scattering matrix of small particles as a function of the scattering angle. In the statistical approach, the optical properties of irregularly shaped particles are represented by the average properties of an ensemble of particles with simple shapes. We show that the absorption cross section of an ensemble of arbitrarily shaped particles with arbitrary orientations can always be uniquely represented by the average absorption cross section of an ensemble of spheroidal particles with the same composition and fixed orientation. This proves for the first time that the statistical approach is generally viable in the Rayleigh domain.     

Measurement of particle concentration in flow by statistical analyses of optical coherence tomography signals

We present a statistic method to measure the concentration of particles in flow by the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). This method is based on the fact that the fluctuating numbers of particles contained within a small OCT detection volume caused by Brownian motion are governed by Poissonian distribution. Particle concentration is evaluated from the statistical analyzes of the OCT intensity signals that are backscattered by the moving particles. The method is experimentally verified with flow phantoms of polymer microspheres. Experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical ones for low concentrations while relatively large discrepancies emerge for high concentrations.     

光学微操纵过程的轴平面显微成像技术

光学俘获技术利用光与物质相互作用产生的光势阱效应来实现对微粒的操控,已经成功应用于生物医学、材料科学等交叉领域.在对微粒进行三维俘获时,传统的宽场光学显微技术只能观测到某一平面内微粒的横向运动,对微粒沿轴向运动的观测受到很大限制.本文将轴平面显微成像技术引入光学微粒操控研究中,利用45?倾斜的反射镜把微粒的轴向运动信息转换到横向平面进行观测,与传统宽场显微成像技术相结合,实现了对二氧化硅小球俘获过程横向和轴向运动的同步观测.该成像方法无需扫描和数据重构,具有实时快速等优点,在新型光束光镊、厚样品三维观测和成像等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

获取大气颗粒物消光系数的差分吸收光谱法研究

针对雾霾天气日益增多,大气污染气体向颗粒物的转化在加快,研究了一种大范围对其监测的差分吸收光谱方法。差分吸收光谱法可以实时、在线、准确同时获取颗粒物光学特性和大气痕量气体浓度。论文首先分析了双光路差分吸收光学遥感系统获取颗粒物绝对光强的原理,然后研究了基于单光路测量大气吸收谱,在干净天气状况下测量参考光谱,利用能见度数据,在550 nm波段处实现系统校准,计算校准参数,从而获得大气绝对吸收光强,然后解析出大气总的消光系数。再从总的大气消光系数中,去除瑞利散射以及大气痕量气体吸收对消光系数影响后,精确解析出颗粒物消光系数。同时基于差分思想获取大气痕量气体的浓度。最后把该方法应用于外场实验,获取大气颗粒物在350～700 nm波段范围内消光系数和大气中NO₂的浓度。研究结果表明颗粒物消光系数的随着波长的增加而减少,符合Angstrom公式。该研究为分析大气气相/粒子非均相化学反应提供有力的技术支持。     

Analytical description of the electrodynamic properties of metallic photonic crystals

A method of approximate calculation of the interaction inverse matrix in the method of discrete dipoles is proposed. The knowledge of this matrix makes it possible to determine the optical response of a system to the action of an electromagnetic wave with an arbitrary shape, which can be represented as a combination of vector spherical wave functions. The number of calculation operations of the matrix in the proposed method is considerably smaller than in the case of its direct calculation. In the case of a change in the refractive index of scattering particles, two methods of approximate calculation of the interaction inverse matrix are also proposed. This makes it possible to calculate the optical response of systems with new characteristics without direct solving equations of a system with a large dimension. The accuracy of the methods is numerically determined for particles with spherical and cubic shapes. It is shown that the methods are computationally efficient and can be used to calculate the values of polarization vectors inside particles and extinction and absorption cross sections of systems.     

杂质颗粒对受激布里渊散射介质光学击穿阈值影响的研究

建立了受激布里渊散射介质中热作用破坏的物理模型, 数值模拟了杂质颗粒的温度随其半径的变化曲线.结果显示,杂质颗粒存在一个最大热作用半径, 介质所含颗粒的尺寸在此半径附近时,介质最容易发生光学击穿现象, 其光学击穿阈值最低.在Continuum Nd: YAG种子注入式激光系统中,选取FC-3283, GF-180和HFE-7100介质, 通过不同孔径的过滤膜进行过滤,并研究了过滤前后的光学击穿阈值和能量反射率. 结果表明,随着过滤孔径的变小,介质光学击穿阈值逐渐提高, 且过滤之后介质的能量反射率有了明显的提高.介绍了一种利用He-Ne激光透射光光斑变化来判断是否发生光学击穿现象的方法,该方法具有方便、 准确的特点,可有效地减小由于肉眼观测引起的误差.     

The Influence of Particles Interaction in Low-Temperature Plasma on its Composition and Optical Properties

A model theory of the influence of particles interaction in plasma on its composition and optical properties is developed. The interaction of charged particles in plasma reduces the ionization energy of atoms and ions. The action of internal microfields in plasma on atoms and ions reduces the statistical weight of electron levels which affects the populations of excited states. The latter effect leads to an effective cutoff of partition functions and determines the behaviour of optical properties of plasma (of absorption coefficient and emissivity) at increased number densities of charged particles. The formulas are obtained for calculation of the continuous and discrete spectrum in plasma taking into account the particles interaction. A non-monotonic dependence of optical plasma density upon number density of charged particles is quantitatively explained. A satisfactory agreement is obtained with a large number of experimental data some of which were considered to be contradictory. The method developed can be used for calculations in the field of atomic spectroscopy and low-temperature plasma physics including increased densities of charged particles. The use of the formulas obtained in plasma diagnostics will enable one to avoid considerable errors.     

微纳粒子光学散射分析

为实现利用光学方式对微纳尺度粒子性质的研究,探讨了亚微米线及亚微米球对光电磁波的散射效应.微纳米尺度粒子的光学散射,散射粒子尺寸与入射光波长尺寸可满足米氏(Mie)散射条件.利用Matlab数值模拟的方式,将分析结果以模拟图的形式清晰地展现出来.满足尺寸条件的层状粒子以及任意多个散射粒子存在时对电磁波的散射都可采用Mie散射分析方法,并且针对多粒子散射,分析了散射体位于不同位置时对散射造成的影响.通过分析光学散射光场相关的微分散射截面及近场散射电磁场分布,可得出散射光场随散射角度的变化趋势,以及散射光场受各类因素的影响,包括入射光偏振态、散射粒子尺寸、散射粒子结构及粒子构成层数、散射粒子数量等的影响,也包括一些隐含因素对散射光场的影响,如散射粒子与周围介质的相对折射率.本文的科学意义体现在:与入射光波长尺寸可比的亚微米尺度的粒子,可用作传感器,对于其位移的探测可通过光学方式来实现,而由于粒子本身特性对散射光的影响具有一定的参考价值,从而使通过光学方式对机械位移的读出具有更高准确度.研究结果对于光学方式探测亚微米线机械振动具有指导意义.     

Local field and radiative relaxation rate in a dielectric medium

The effect of macroscopic parameters of a substance on the optical characteristics of impurity particles is investigated. A generalized control equation is derived for two-level emitters forming an ensemble of optical centers in a transparent dielectric medium. In this equation, the effective values of the acting pump field and the radiative relaxation rate of an optical center are taken into account. The formalism developed here is a completely microscopic approach based on the chain of the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon equations for reduced density matrices and correlation operators for material particles and modes of a quantized radiation field. The method used here makes it possible to take into account the effects of individual and collective behavior of emitters, which are associated with the presence of an intermediate medium, consistently without using phenomenological procedures. It is shown that the resultant analytic expression for the effective lifetime of the excited state of an optical center conforms with experimental data.     

Anisotropic local-field effects of nanoparticles in plasmonic optics and magneto-optics

A theory of anisotropic optical local-field effects caused by resonantly polarizable small particles in multilayer polarizable media is developed. Considered is the model of a rectangular lattice of ellipsoidal nanoparticles with taking account of “image forces” at an interface in a layered medium. The lattice sums for anisotropic dipolar interactions are found using the Green’s function method in the quasi-point dipole approximation, and the effective polarizabilities of particles in a layer located near an interface are calculated self-consistently. The manifestation of an anisotropic local field of nanoparticles in optical radiation and propagation of evanescent waves responsible for optical near-field effects is investigated. Applications of the obtained results in the polar magneto-optical Kerr effect and reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy in propagating the polarized light along the normal to layers are considered. The resonant features in the spectra due to enhancement of the optical effects under excitation of surface (local) plasmons in nanoparticles of a noble metal are studied.     

CdS半导体超微粒子的光学性质

本文研究了水溶胶中的CdS半导体超微粒子和有机溶胶中的粒子表面被有机分子化学修饰的CdS超微粒子的光学性质.我们观察到,当粒子尺寸小于5nm时,CdS超微粒子表现出明显的尺寸量子化效应,并指出CdS超微粒子的表面修饰,增强了它们的发光强度,显著地影响了它们的光学性质。     

同材质颗粒不同填充密度的随机介质中光场的空间分布

用时域有限差分法研究了同一材质的颗粒在不同填充密度下的随机介质中光局域化问题. 依据随机介质激光的实验参数,模拟了颗粒填充密度不同的随机介质中光场的空间分布. 结果表明：当散射颗粒的散射平均自由程与波长相当时,随机介质中的光场分布呈现局域化的特征,而且随着颗粒填充密度增大,光场的局域化程度增强. 因此,在同样的抽运激励下,颗粒填充密度越大的随机增益介质越容易产生激光辐射. 数值模拟结果与实验定性符合. 关键词： 随机激光 时域有限差分法 颗粒填充密度 局域化     

表面划痕中残余抛光颗粒对材料热损伤特性的影响

建立了高功率激光辐照下光学表面存在划痕且残存抛光颗粒时的热损伤分析模型,对这种复杂缺陷条件下的光学材料热损伤性能进行了研究。利用有限差分法计算了不同尺度抛光颗粒处于划痕中不同位置时光学材料表面的光场调制和温度场的分布。根据表面温度分布,得到了对应条件下光学材料的热损伤阈值变化规律。结果表明:除了抛光颗粒半径对材料损伤阈值存在影响外,当抛光颗粒位于划痕宽度方向不同位置时,材料的热损伤阈值也会有比较明显的变化;当位于划痕中心时,抛光颗粒对材料光场调制最强,更容易造成材料的熔化损伤。     

椭圆截面非球形颗粒群的多重光散射

尽管非球形下一些特殊形状颗粒的单散射已被得到,球形多颗粒系（颗粒群）的多重散射也被研究,但至今仍未得到非球形颗粒群的多重散射.文中建立了一类椭圆截面非球形颗粒模型,求得其散射相位函数,借助于辐射传播方程,考虑形状及大小分布,得到了该类颗粒群的多重光散射.在两种特例情况下的结果能与已有的结果符合较好,说明了方法的可靠性.计算分析表明：非球形颗粒群的多重散射光强角分布要比球形颗粒平坦.椭圆截面颗粒的粒度或形状参数越大,多重散射光越集中于小的散射角;粒度分布或形状分布越宽,多重散射光强的角分布越平坦.随着光学厚 关键词： 多重光散射 颗粒 非球形 椭圆截面     

Optical formation and manipulation of particle and cell patterns using a tapered optical fiber

A method for optical formation and controllable manipulation of particle and cell patterns using a tapered optical fiber is demonstrated. With a laser beam at 980‐nm wavelength launched into the fiber, different sized silica particles were formed into particle patterns (both one‐dimensional chains and two‐dimensional arrays) with different particle numbers by optical binding. The formed particle patterns can be controllably manipulated in three dimensions. Using yeast cells as an example, it was demonstrated that the method is applicable for the formation of biological cell patterns, without damage to the yeast cell viability. This method provides a new facile way for biophotonic and biological researches with particles and cells in a highly organized manner.