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1.
Flavia Coelho de Souza Henrique Olival-Costa Leonardo da Silva Paulo A. Pontes Carmen Lúcia Penteado Lancellotti 《Journal of voice》2011,25(6):765-769
Hypothesis
The use of a material made of bacterial cellulose with the aim of obtaining vocal fold medialization has not hitherto been fully investigated. Although the material has been tested in other animal models, the evaluation did not include the larynx; hence, situations, such as tissue reaction, material absorption, and extrusion, need to be addressed to evaluate its usefulness as a material for laryngeal reconstruction.Objective
To evaluate the medialization, tissue response, and healing of rabbit vocal folds, after the implantation of a membrane of bacterial cellulose.Study Design
Experimental study.Methods
A total of 32 rabbits were used, two of which were used to check out the adequacy of the implant location. The animals were followed for 4 months and grouped according to follow-up times of 2, 4, and 16 weeks. All test animals received an implant of bacterial cellulose in one vocal fold and the injection of distilled water in the other, both performed by videoendoscopic cervicotomy. At the end of the follow-up, the presence of inflammatory and medial displacement was evaluated.Results
No statistically significant difference in the inflammatory parameters between the study and control vocal folds or among follow-up times was found. All animals receiving cellulose presented medial displacement of vocal folds, and all retained this material at the implant site up to study endpoint.Conclusion
Bacterial cellulose is a useful material for laryngeal medialization, showing no signs of rejection or absorption. 相似文献2.
Objective
A core component of vocal hygiene programs is the avoidance of agents that may dry the vocal folds. Clinicians commonly recommend that individuals reduce caffeine intake because of its presumed dehydrating effects on the voice. However, there is little evidence that ingestion of caffeine is detrimental to voice production. The first objective of this study was to evaluate whether caffeine adversely affects voice production. The second objective was to evaluate if caffeine exacerbates the adverse phonatory effects of vocal loading.Study Design
Prospective, double-blinded, sham-controlled study.Methods
Sixteen healthy adults participated in two sessions where they consumed caffeine (caffeine concentration = 480 mg) or sham (caffeine concentration = 24 mg) beverages. Voice measures (phonation threshold pressure and perceived phonatory effort) were collected. Subjects then completed a vocal loading challenge and voice measures were obtained again.Results
There were no significant differences in voice measures between the caffeine and sham conditions. Ingestion of caffeine did not adversely affect voice production (P > 0.05) or exacerbate the detrimental phonatory effects of vocal loading (P > 0.05).Conclusions
Our findings contribute to emerging knowledge on the effects of caffeine on voice production. Recommendations to completely eliminate caffeine from the diet, as a component of a vocal hygiene program, should be evaluated on an individual basis. 相似文献3.
Objective
Traditionally, glottic insufficiency because of scar, atrophy, and sulcus has been treated by injection or medialization laryngoplasty. These procedures do not reestablish the vertical height of the vocal fold margin. We propose soft tissue augmentation laryngoplasty with allograft (sheet Alloderm; LifeCell Corporation, Branchburg, NJ) or autograft (temporalis fascia) via a minithyrotomy or a transoral approach.Study Design
A retrospective case series analysis of 21 patients treated by sheet Alloderm or temporalis fascia for correction of glottic insufficiency.Methods
Twenty-one patients with glottic insufficiency secondary to scar, atrophy, or sulcus were treated. Ten failed prior techniques. Seventeen had minithyrotomy by a small fenestration in the thyroid cartilage. Exploration of scar or lamina propria through the fenestration allowed for the creation of a pocket for Alloderm implantation within the intermediate layer of the lamina propria. Four patients underwent a transoral approach by cordotomy with either Alloderm or temporalis fascia implantation, which also allowed for exploration of scar but required repair using sutures. These implantation approaches allowed for both restoration of the layered structure and augmentation of the middle third of the musculomembranous vocal fold. Preoperative and postoperative videostroboscopic examinations were reviewed with review of clinical outcome.Results
With a median follow-up time of 12 months, patients demonstrated excellent long-term vocal fold augmentation and minimal absorption of the implant in 19 out of 21 patients. There is improved pliability of the vocal fold with good oscillation in scar patients.Conclusion
Minithyrotomy with soft tissue augmentation is a novel approach for soft tissue augmentation of glottic insufficiency. It has the advantage of augmentation of the medial edge of the vocal fold with a soft tissue implant that has long-term viability. Its role should be explored further in patients with atrophy and scar. 相似文献4.
Nele Baudonck Evelien D'haeseleer Ingeborg Dhooge Kristiane Van Lierde 《Journal of voice》2011,25(6):683-691
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the objective vocal quality in 36 prelingually deaf children using cochlear implant (CI) with a mean age of 9 years. An additional purpose was to compare the objective vocal quality of these 36 CI users with 25 age-matched children with prelingual severe hearing loss using conventional hearing aids (HAs) and 25 normal hearing (NH) children.Study Design
The design for this cross-sectional study was a multigroup posttest-only design.Methods
The objective vocal quality was measured by means of the dysphonia severity index (DSI). Moreover, perceptual voice assessment using the GRBASI scale was performed.Results
CI children have a vocal quality by means of the DSI of +1.8, corresponding with a DSI% of 68%, indicating a borderline vocal quality situated 2% above the limit of normality. The voice was perceptually characterized by the presence of a very slight grade of hoarseness, roughness, strained phonation, and higher pitch and intensity levels. No significant objective vocal quality differences were measured between the voices of the CI children, HA users, and NH children.Conclusions
According to the results, one aspect of the vocal approach in children with CI and using HAs must be focused on the improvement of the strained vocal characteristic and the use of a lower pitch and intensity level. 相似文献5.
Elisabeth C. Inwald Michael Döllinger Maria Schuster Ulrich Eysholdt Christopher Bohr 《Journal of voice》2011,25(5):576-590
Objectives
The aim of this study was to look for visual subjective and objective parameters of vocal fold dynamics being capable of differentiating healthy from pathologic voices in daily clinical practice applying endoscopic high-speed digital imaging (HSI).Study Design and Methods
Four hundred ninety-six datasets containing 80 healthy and 416 pathologic subjects (232 functional dysphonia (FD), 13 bilateral, and 171 unilateral vocal fold nerve paralysis) were analyzed retrospectively. Videos at 4000 Hz (256 × 256 pixel) were recorded during sustained phonation. Subjective parameters were visually evaluated and complemented by an analysis of objective parameters. Visual subjective parameters were mucosal wave, glottal closure type, glottal closure insufficiency (GI), asymmetries of the vocal folds, and phonovibrogram (PVG) symmetry. After image segmentation, objective parameters were computed: closed quotient, perturbation measures (PMs) of glottal area, and left-right asymmetry values.Results
HSI evaluation enabled to distinguish healthy from pathologic voices. For visual subjective parameters, GI, symmetrical behavior, and PVG symmetry exhibited statistical significant differences. For 95% of the data, objective parameters could be computed. Among objective parameters, closed quotient, jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio, and signal-to-noise ratio for the glottal area function differentiated statistically significant normal from pathologic voices. Applying linear discriminant analysis by combining visual subjective and objective parameters, accurate classifications were made for 63.2% of the female and 87.5% of the male group for the three-class problem (healthy, FD, and unilateral vocal fold nerve paralysis).Conclusion
Actual acoustically applied PMs can be transferred to clinical beneficial HSI analysis. Combining visual subjective and objective basic parameters succeeds in differentiating pathologic from healthy voices. The presented evaluation can easily be included into everyday clinical practice. However, further research is needed to broaden our understanding of the variability within and across healthy and pathologic vocal fold vibrations for diagnosing voice disorders and therapy control. 相似文献6.
Voice is produced by vibrations of vocal folds that consist of multiple layers. The portion of the vocal fold tissue that vibrates varies depending primarily on laryngeal muscle activity. The effective depth of tissue vibration should significantly influence the vibrational behavior of the tissue and resulting voice quality. However, thus far, the effect of the activation of individual muscles on the effective depth is not well understood. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element analysis is performed to investigate the effect of the activation of two major laryngeal muscles, the cricothyroid (CT) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles, on vocal fold morphology and stress distribution in the tissue. Because structures that bear less stress can easily be deformed and involved in vibration, information on the morphology and stress distribution may provide a useful estimate of the effective depth. The results of the analyses indicate that the two muscles perform distinct roles, which allow cooperative control of the morphology and stress. When the CT muscle is activated, the tip region of the vocal folds becomes thinner and curves upward, resulting in the elevation of the stress magnitude all over the tissue to a certain degree that depends on the stiffness of each layer. On the other hand, the TA muscle acts to suppress the morphological change and controls the stress magnitude in a position-dependent manner. Thus, the present analyses demonstrate quantitative relationships between the two muscles in their cooperative regulation of vocal fold morphology and stress. 相似文献
7.
Background
Spectrum is a fast Fourier transform-generated power spectrum extracted from the speech sample. It is reported to provide a quantitative acoustic index of the degree of glottal abduction and adduction in voices perceived to be breathy or pressed. In the present study, it was hypothesized that there would be abnormal reduction of higher harmonic amplitudes relative to the amplitude of the first harmonics in the subjects with vocal nodules and hence the present study was carried out.Method
One hundred twenty participants were divided into clinical group and control group. They were instructed to phonate /a/ at their most comfortable pitch and loudness. Fourier transformation of the recorded acoustic signal was first performed to create a spectrum. Amplitudes were measured for the first and second harmonics (H1 and H2) as well as the harmonics at the first, second, and third formants (A1, A2, and A3) using the Computerized Speech Science Lab (Kay Pentax, Lincoln, NJ).Results
There was a significant difference between the means of two groups for all the parameters, such as H1-H2, H1-A1, H1-A2, and H1-A3 at P < 0.05. The obtained results are discussed with respect to the underlying pathophysiology.Conclusions
The present study investigated the vowel harmonic amplitude differences in persons with vocal nodules. The results revealed a significant difference between the two groups for the vowel harmonic amplitude differences. This particular measure could be used to track the changes following the vocal treatment. 相似文献8.
Karine Schwarz Carla Aparecida Cielo Nédio Steffen Jéfferson Becker Geraldo Pereira Jotz 《Journal of voice》2011,25(5):611-618
Aim
To describe the laryngeal configuration and the voice of male patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) before and after medialization.Methods
A retrospective study involving the collection of data from medical records of 142 patients diagnosed with UVFP from January 2003 to April 2009, submitted to auditory-perceptual assessment of voices and visual perception of laryngeal images before and after medialization.Results
The study included data from 24 male patients, with an average of 60.7 years, who underwent three surgical medialization techniques (injection of hyaluronic acid, type I thyroplasty, and injection of Teflon). Before treatment, the position of the paralyzed vocal fold was seen to have a significant influence to the passing of the healthy vocal fold beyond the midline and on the overall degree of dysphonia. After treatment, the complete glottic closure; the free margin of the linear vocal fold; paralyzed vocal fold in the median position, reduction of hoarseness, roughness and breathiness (more frequently mild), and asthenia (more frequently normal and mild); tension and instability (more frequency normal); and a decrease in the overall degree of dysphonia were found to be significant.Conclusion
The position of the paralyzed vocal fold influences the position of the healthy vocal fold in relation to the midline and the overall degree of dysphonia. All three treatments improved the glottic configuration and the voice of patients with UVFP. 相似文献9.
Rosiane Yamasaki Mara Behlau Osíris de Oliveira Camponês do Brasil Hélio Yamashita 《Journal of voice》2011,25(6):743-750
Objective
To analyze the vocal tract morphometry of women with vocal nodules (VN) compared with normal subjects by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at rest position.Study Design
Prospective study.Methods
The present research included 20 young adult women, aged 18–40 years: 10 dysphonic patients with VN and 10 normal subjects. All participants were tested using MRI; 12 measurements of the vocal tract were performed: nine in median sagittal section and three in axial section.Results
The 12 measurements were smaller in the dysphonic group; statistical significance was obtained for three parameters: in the sagittal plane, the laryngeal vestibule area was significantly smaller in the dysphonic group, with P = 0.012∗ (∗ = statistical significance); in the axial section, the distance between the right and left vocal processes of the arytenoids’ cartilages and the distance between the anterior commissure of the glottis and the laryngeal posterior wall were also significantly lower in the dysphonic group, with P = 0.036∗ and 0.010∗, respectively. Significant differences in the vocal tract morphometry of individuals with VN were observed compared with normal subjects, at rest position.Conclusions
Results obtained from this study suggest that patients with VN may present a constantly increased tension of the laryngeal muscles, even at rest; moreover, reduced anterior-posterior dimension of the larynx may be a morphological characteristic of patients with VN. 相似文献10.
Maria McDonnell Johan Sundberg Joakim Westerlund Per-Åke Lindestad Hans Larsson 《Journal of voice》2011,25(5):526-531
Objectives/Hypotheses
Singers learn to produce well-controlled tone onsets by accurate synchronization of glottal adduction and buildup of subglottal pressure. Spectrographic analyses have shown that the higher spectrum partials are present also at the vowel onset in classically trained singers’ performances. Such partials are produced by a sharp discontinuity in the waveform of the transglottal airflow, presumably produced by vocal fold collision.Study Design
After hearing a prompt series of a triad pattern, six singer subjects sang the same triad pattern on the vowel /i/ (1) preceded by an aspirated /p/, (2) preceded by an unaspirated /p/, and (3) without any preceding consonant in staccato.Methods
Using high-speed imaging we examined the initiation of vocal fold vibration in aspirated and unaspirated productions of the consonant /p/ as well as in the staccato tones.Results
The number vibrations failing to produce vocal fold collision were significantly higher in the aspirated /p/ than in the unaspirated /p/ and in the staccato tones. High frequency ripple in the audio waveform was significantly delayed in the aspirated /p/.Conclusions
Initiation of vocal fold collision and the appearance of high-frequency ripple in the vowel /i/ are slightly delayed in aspirated productions of a preceding consonant /p/. 相似文献11.
Maysa Tibério Ubrig Maria Valéria S. Goffi-Gomez Raimar Weber Márcia H. Moreira Menezes Nair Kátia Nemr Domingos Hiroshi Tsuji Robinson Koji Tsuji 《Journal of voice》2011,25(6):692-699
Objectives
To ascertain whether cochlear implantation (CI), without specific vocal rehabilitation, is associated with changes in perceptual and acoustic vocal parameters in adults with severe to profound postlingual deafness.Hypothesis
Merely restoring auditory feedback could allow the individual to make necessary adjustments in vocal pattern.Study Design
Prospective and longitudinal.Methods
The experimental group composed of 40 postlingually deaf adults (20 males and 20 females) with no previous laryngeal or voice disorders. Participants’ voices were recorded before CI and 6–9 months after CI. To check for chance modifications between two evaluations, a control group of 12 postlingually deaf adults, six male and six female, without CI was also evaluated. All sessions composed of the recording of read sentences from Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice and sustained vowel /a/. Auditory and acoustic analyses were then conducted.Results
We found a statistically significant reduction in overall severity, strain, loudness, and instability in auditory analysis. In vocal acoustic analysis, we found statistically significant reduction fundamental frequency (F0) values (in male participants) and F0 variability (in both genders). The control group showed no statistically significant changes in most vocal parameters assessed, apart from pitch and F0 (in female participants only). On comparing the interval of variation of results between the experimental and control groups, we found no statistically significant difference in vocal parameters between CI recipients and nonrecipients, with the exception of F0 variability in male participants.Conclusions
The patients in our sample showed changes in overall severity, strain, loudness, and instability values, and reductions in F0 and its variability. On comparing the variation of results between the groups, we were able to prove in our study that implant recipients postlingually deaf adults (experimental group), without specific vocal rehabilitation, differed from nonrecipients (control group) in loudness and F0 variability sustained vowel /a/ in male participants. 相似文献12.
Objective
Assessment of the voice-change progress of 20 girls (12–13 years) over 1 year by observing changes in speaking fundamental frequency (SFo), voice range, and register pitch breaks in the context of weight, height, voice training, and self-perception.Study Design
One-year longitudinal collective case study.Method
Twenty girls were recorded at the beginning and end of a year; nine girls were recorded another three times. SFo, vocal range, and characteristics were analyzed and interactions between these data assessed against weight and height to indicate pubertal development, and to test the hypothesis that changes in weight, height, SFo, and pitch breaks were related. Effects of training and the girls' self-perception of their voice use were also assessed.Results
Vocal characteristics changed as the girls passed through different weight ranges. During 47.5–52.4 kg (called band 2) and 52.4–57.5 kg (band 3), there was progressive contraction of vocal range and in some girls a slight rise in SFo between recording times 1 and 5. Both high- and low-pitch breaks were present in 45% of girls' voices. Girls in band 4 (<57.5 kg) had an increased vocal range, and pitch breaks in vocal-range areas that indicated the development of adult vocal registers. In this study, voice-trained girls were heavier, had higher SFo, used wider speech-range inflection, had a higher vocal range, and greater voice-use confidence; all girls lost confidence in their voice use over the year.Conclusions
In this longitudinal study of twenty 13-year-old girls, voice changes in SFo, vocal range, and pitch-break frequency were synchronous with certain weight ranges. Girls with training registered higher maximum phonational frequency and were more confident in their voice use than girls without training. 相似文献13.
Chronic Refractory Cough as a Sensory Neuropathy: Evidence From a Reinterpretation of Cough Triggers
Objectives/Hypothesis
The aims of this study were to examine cough triggers in individuals with chronic cough (CC), identify sensory symptoms consistent with central reflex sensitization (paresthesia and allotussia), and interpret this information in relation to sensory laryngeal neuropathy.Study Design
Prospective observational study.Methods
Patients (n = 53) with CC that was refractory to medical management based on the anatomic diagnostic protocol completed questionnaires regarding cough triggers, anxiety and depression, and factors contributing to laryngeal irritation such as vocal hygiene and laryngopharyngeal reflux.Results
An abnormal sensation in the laryngeal area (laryngeal paresthesia) was present in 94% of people with refractory CC. Nontussive stimuli including phonation were frequent triggers for cough (allotussia), occurring in 71% of participants. Although tussive stimuli were significantly more potent than nontussive stimuli (P = 0.005), the relative clinical importance was not statistically different (P = 0.072). Most participants with refractory cough had poor vocal hygiene.Conclusion
The sensory symptom changes that accompany CC suggest central reflex sensitization and include laryngeal paresthesia and allotussia. The results are consistent with cough as a sensory neuropathic disorder. 相似文献14.
Matthias Echternach Louisa Traser Michael Markl Bernhard Richter 《Journal of voice》2011,25(6):670-677
Purpose
Professional male altos (countertenors) mostly use a register function, which is considered to be derived from falsetto. However, the sound produced differs in professional altos compared with the modal register or falsetto of untrained voices. The aim of this study was to analyze differences of the vocal tract shapes in male alto register functions.Material and Methods
Dynamic real-time magnetic resonance imaging of eight frames per second was used to analyze the vocal tract profile in seven professional male altos who sang on the vowel /a/, an ascending and descending scale from G3 (196 Hz) to E4 (330 Hz). The scale included their register transition from modal register to stage (counter) falsetto and naïve falsetto.Results
Register transitions from modal register to stage falsetto were associated with increased lip opening, jaw retraction, elevation and back positioning of the tongue, pharynx narrowing, uvula elevation, drop of larynx height, and tilting of the larynx. Differences between stage and naïve falsetto were found mostly with regard to lip opening and pharynx width.Conclusions
The differences between the vocal tract configurations might have an impact on the acoustic characteristics observed in professional male alto register functions. 相似文献15.
Cara E. Stepp James T. Heaton Tara K. Stadelman-Cohen Maia N. Braden Marie E. Jetté Robert E. Hillman 《Journal of voice》2011,25(6):714-724
Purpose
The goals of this study were to determine if there were significant differences between singers and nonsingers in the morphology of vocal nodules and the associated impact on vocal function.Method
Participants were 10 professionally trained singers with nodules, eight nonsingers with nodules, and 10 individuals with healthy normal voice (controls). Surface electromyography (sEMG) from three anterior neck locations and acoustic rise times for vowels /a/ and /i/ were measured in all the participants. In individuals with nodules, dB SPL/cm H2O, glottal airflow, and nodule location and size were also measured.Results
There were no significant differences between singers and nonsingers with nodules in terms of airflow, dB SPL/cm H2O, nodule size, or nodule location. In nonsingers with nodules, airflow and nodule size were significantly correlated, but were not significantly correlated in singers. Vowel rise times and sEMG during vocal tasks did not differentiate among nodule and control groups. Sternocleidomastoid sEMG during initiation of the vowel /a/ was statistically significantly stronger in nonsingers with nodules relative to singers with nodules and controls.Conclusions
Nodule morphology did not differ between singers and nonsingers, although some behavioral aspects of phonation differed between the groups. 相似文献16.
Gayle E. Woodson Marie-Pierre Murry Valerie Schweizer Arne Hengesteg Nady Chen Daniel Yeung 《Journal of voice》1998,12(3):335-339
It is frequently stated that unilateral cricothyroid muscle (CT) paralysis can be diagnosed by physical examination, noting rotation of the glottis, and shortening and vertical displacement of the ipsilateral vocal fold. These signs, however, are inconsistently observed, and there is considerable controversy regarding the direction of glottic rotation. To determine the effects of CT contraction on three-dimensional glottic configuration, we performed computerized tomography on cadaver larynges before and after simulated CT contraction. Radiopaque makers were used to compute distances. Unilateral CT contraction equally increased the length of both membranous vocal folds, and rotated the posterior glottis less than 1 mm. CT contraction neither adducted the vocal processes, nor significantly their altered vertical level. These results suggest that unilateral CT paralysis cannot be diagnosed on the basis of any clinically apparent change in glottal configuration. 相似文献
17.
Evelyne Van Houtte Sofie Claeys Floris Wuyts Kristiane Van Lierde 《Journal of voice》2011,25(5):570-575
Objectives
Teachers are at increased risk for developing voice disorders. Occupational risk factors have been extensively examined; however, little attention has been paid to the consequences of the vocal complaints. The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge that teachers have about vocal care, treatment-seeking behavior, and voice-related absenteeism.Methods
The study group comprised 994 teachers and 290 controls whose jobs did not involve vocal effort. All participants completed a questionnaire inquiring about vocal complaints, treatment-seeking behavior, voice-related absenteeism, and knowledge about vocal care. Comparisons were made between teachers with and without vocal complaints and with the control group.Results
Teachers reported significantly more voice problems than the control population (51.2% vs 27.4%) (χ2 = 50.45, df = 1, P < 0.001). Female teachers reported significantly higher levels of voice disorders than their male colleagues (38% vs 13.2%, χ2 = 22.34, df = 1, P < 0.001). Teachers (25.4%) sought medical care and eventually 20.6% had missed at least 1 day of work because of voice problems. Female teachers were significantly more likely to seek medical help (χ2 = 7.24, df = 1, P = 0.007) and to stay at home (χ2 = 7.10, df = 1, P = 0.008) in comparison with their male colleagues. Only 13.5% of all teachers received information during their education.Conclusions
Voice disorders have an impact on teachers' personal and professional life and imply a major financial burden for society. A substantial number of teachers needed medical help and was obligated to stay at home because of voice problems. This study strongly recommends the implementation of vocal education during the training of teacher students to prepare the vocal professional user. 相似文献18.
A. O. Melikyan H. R. Minasian P. A. Petrosyan 《Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)》2017,52(4):317-323
Computations for the Fano resonance in a 3D system of identical prolate metallic nanospheroids located at the vertices of a regular tetrahedron are presented. The long axis of one of the spheroids is oriented along the symmetry axis of the third order of the tetrahedron (Z-axis), and the long axes of the remaining three spheroids lie in the orthogonal plane forming angles 2π/3 with each other. The polarization vector of the incident light wave oscillates along the Z-axis and directly excites plasmon oscillations in only one spheroid. The results of computations are given, which show the strong nonuniformity of energy distribution between spheroids for various orientations of spheroids perpendicular to the Z-axis. 相似文献
19.
Paulo Sérgio Lins Perazzo Marcos André Sarvat Francisco de Souza Amorim Filho Paulo Augusto de Lima Pontes 《Journal of voice》2011,25(5):626-631
Objectives
To assess the integration of an autologous composite fascia and fat graft implanted into the lamina propria of a porcine vocal fold using two different approaches.Study Design
An experimental prospective study on the porcine larynx was conducted at a tertiary research institution.Methods
An external cervical approach was used to expose the thyroid cartilage of 24 healthy minipigs under general anesthesia. The composite fascia/fat graft was implanted through two distinct approaches, transmuscular and submuscular. Animals were sacrificed at 7, 30, 90, and 180 days for macroscopic and histological study of the larynx. Graft integration and local inflammatory response were studied.Results
The survival rate of the experimental model was 100% and all animals had local inflammatory response to the surgical procedure. Only 41.7% of the grafts placed inside the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle fibers were identified postmortem, whereas 83.3% of the submuscular grafts remained intact.Conclusions
Graft incorporation was better and there was less inflammation when the architecture of the TA muscle fibers was preserved. Graft extrusion was observed in the most of the cases where it was placed inside the muscle. 相似文献20.