水热法生长棒状MnOOH和MnO2晶体

以高锰酸钾(KMnO4)和硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4)为主要原料,在150℃反应16h,水热法生长了棒状MnOOH晶体,然后以合成的棒状MnOOH晶体为前驱物,在硫酸溶液中,130℃水热反应12h,生长了棒状MnO2晶体.探索了KMnO4和(NH4)2SO4的用量以及反应温度对合成棒状MnOOH晶体的影响.利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射等(SAED)等手段对产物进行了表征.结果表明,产物MnOOH为单斜结构的纯相,呈现棒状形貌,其平均直径约为72nm, 长度近9.2μm,显示单晶特性;产物MnO2为四方结构的纯相,呈现棒状形貌,其平均直径约为83nm, 长度达11μm,显示单晶特性.     

生长溶液配比对MnTeMoO6晶体形态的影响

采用顶部籽晶溶液法生长Mn Te Mo O6晶体,研究了在不同配比生长溶液中Mn Te Mo O6晶体的实际生长形态,模拟计算了Mn Te Mo O6晶体的理想生长形态,探讨了生长溶液配比对晶体形态的影响,选择的3种生长溶液中Mn Te Mo O6∶Te O2∶Mo O3摩尔比分别为1∶2∶2、1∶3∶2和1∶3∶3。结果表明,在3种配比的生长溶液中Mn Te Mo O6晶体的(110)面具有最大的面网密度和最小的生长速率;生长溶液中Te O2和Mo O3的含量和比例影响了晶体在不同方向的生长速率,从而影响到Mn Te Mo O6晶体的实际生长形态。     

Mn3O4纳米粒子的合成及表征

以 KMnO4和乙醇为原料,常压下50～60 ℃反应生成前驱物,将此前驱物转移至反应釜中,在190 ℃反应4 h,采用溶剂热法合成Mn3O4纳米粒子.探索了反应温度对产物结晶度及产物在水中分散性的影响.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外吸收光谱(IR)对产物进行表征.结果表明,反应温度为190 ℃时,产物Mn3O4纳米粒子的结晶度最大,在水中分散性最好,为四方晶系,平均粒径在50 nm左右.该方法的突出特点是Mn3O4纳米粒子的合成量大,反应时间短,效率高.     

CoC2O4·2H2O纳米晶形貌可控合成

通过简单调节反应介质热塑性酚醛树脂与乙二醇配比,选择性地制备了CoC2O4·2H2O纳米棒和纳米片晶体或其两种形貌晶体混合物.样品热重和差示扫描量热(TG-DSC)、X射线粉体衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜( FESEM)实验表明:以热塑性酚醛树脂为反应介质得到了COC2O4·2H2O纳米棒;以乙二醇为反应介质得到了CoC2O4·2H2O纳米片;逐渐增大乙二醇和酚醛树脂质量比,实现了CoC2O4·2H2O形貌由纳米棒形貌转变为纳米片形貌.基于不同晶体形貌和实验结果,提出了棒状和片状COC2O4·2H2O可能的形成机理模型以解释两种形貌COC2O4·2H2O纳米晶的生长行为.     

N-[[5-[[(1,4-二氢-2-甲基-4-氧-6-喹唑啉基)甲基]甲氨基]-2-噻吩基]羰基]-L-谷氨酸的一水合甲醇溶剂合物的合成、晶体结构及Hirshfeld表面分析

合成制备了N-[[5-[[(1,4-二氢-2-甲基-4-氧-6-喹唑啉基)甲基]甲氨基]-2-噻吩基]羰基]-L-谷氨酸的一水合甲醇溶剂合物(C21H22N4O6S·CH3OH·H2O(化合物1)的晶体,通过单晶X射线衍射,红外,热重分析表征.分析其含有一个结晶水和一分子甲醇溶剂,晶胞参数为a=7.9730(16)nm,b=13.558(3)nm,c=11.412(2)nm,α=90°,β=91.12(3)°,γ=90°.采用Hirshfeld表面分析方法对分子间作用力分析.Hirshfeld表明作用分析得到的二维指纹图显示,其中O…H,N…H,C…H,S…H的作用力要强与C…O,C…N作用力,其中H…H作用力明显.     

过渡金属离子(Mn,Fe,Co)掺杂铝酸锂晶体的生长及光谱分析

采用提拉法分别生长了掺杂Mn、Fe以及Co元素的LiAlO2晶体,并对其结晶质量和光谱特性进行了研究.结果表明,LiAlO2:Mn、LiAlO2:Fe和LiAlO2:Co晶体的X射线双晶摇摆曲线半高宽分别为23.2 arcsec、12.9 arcsec和23.8 arcsec.LiAlO2:Mn与LiAlO2:Fe晶体在可见至近红外波段具有较高的透过率,而LiAlO2:Co晶体在500～700 nm波段存在吸收带;光致激发与发射光谱表明Mn2+在LiAlO2:Mn晶体中处于四面体晶体场内,而Fe3+替代Li+处于八面体格位;X射线激发发射光谱分析得出空气退火后γ-LiAlO2晶体出现了较强的缺陷发光,可归结为Li2O挥发后形成的F+心,而在同样退火条件下掺杂LiAlO2晶体中相应的缺陷发光不明显,说明Li2O的挥发被抑制,晶体的热稳定性得到了改善.     

单一手性层状钴有机膦酸配合物的结构和性质

基于手性有机膦酸配体(3-phenyl-2-[(phosphonomethyl)amino]propanoic,2-ppapH3)和辅助含氮配体(1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propan,1,3'-dpp)合成得到一对对映体纯的钴有机膦酸配合物R(S)-Co3(2-ppap)2(1,3'-dpp)2(H2O)2·2H2O(R-1 or S-1).该配合物晶体显示了层状结构,其中{Co1O4N2}八面体,{Co2O3N2}和{Co3O3N2}三角双锥分别与{PO3C}四面体的三个角连接,形成了含有八元环的无机金属链.这些无机金属链通过1,3'-dpp交联,在ac平面上形成分子层.同时研究了配合物R-1和S-1的热稳定性和手性光学活性.     

磁性Fe3O4六方片状晶体和单晶纳米棒的水热合成

本文分别以FeSO4·7H2O、(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O和NaOH、NH3·H2O为原料,以KClO4与KNO3为氧化剂,采用水热合成法分别合成出Fe3O4六角片状晶体和单晶纳米棒.产物分别用X射线衍射仪(XRD)谱图、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)谱图以及磁滞回线图谱加以表征.结果表明,反应物原料及氧化剂的选择对Fe3O4单晶的制备及其形态的影响至关重要.反应温度控制在110℃,时间为14h.室温下,Fe3O4六方片状晶体和单晶纳米棒的磁化率(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)均有所区别.     

CsLiB6O10晶体及熔体微结构的高温拉曼光谱研究

本文利用高温原位拉曼光谱技术,测定了非线性光学晶体硼酸铯锂(CsLiB6O10,CLBO)晶体及其熔体的变温拉曼光谱.利用密度泛函理论计算了基本单元为(B3O7)5-六元环的CLBO晶体的拉曼光谱,并对振动模式进行了分析归属.在升温过程中,CLBO晶体的拉曼光谱出现展宽和红移,无相变发生;在熔化过程中,CLBO晶体微结构中(B3O7)5-六元环的[BO4]四面体发生异构化反应,转变为[BO3]三角形,即晶体相中的(B3O7)5-环变为熔体中的(B3O6)3-环.利用量子化学从头计算方法计算分析了熔体中结构基元的拉曼光谱谱学特征,结合熔体实测结果,表明CLBO熔体的阴离子基元为四个(B3O6)3-六元环组成的大四元环超级结构.     

水热法合成掺Mn橙色刚玉晶体

本文采用水热法,在430℃、40MPa的压力下合成出了纯α-Al2O3晶体.在同样的条件下,通过掺入Mn(NO3)2合成了掺Mn橙红色刚玉晶体.掺入Mn(NO3)2时,合成产物有两种晶体,一种是无色刚玉晶体,体积较小,为六棱柱状,直径30～40μm,高为30～40μm.另一种晶体为橙红色掺Mn刚玉晶体,其外形轮廓近乎球形,晶体表面有十分粗糙的生长阶梯,台阶高度为2～5μm,晶体高200～300μm,直径200～300μm.     

氧化还原法制备氧化锰超级电容器电极材料

以高锰酸钾(KMnO4)和聚乙烯吡络烷酮(PVP)为原料,采用氧化还原法制备介孔氧化锰.研究发现,产物的晶型和微观结构受KMnO4溶液浓度的影响.当KMnO4溶液浓度从0.1 mol·L-1增加到0.3 mol·L-1,产物从比表面积13.6 m2·g-1的晶态Mn3O4转变成比表面积约60 m2·g-1的非晶态MnO2.电化学测试表明:非晶MnO2具有最佳电化学性能,在2 mol·L-1 KOH溶液中,1 A·g-1的电流密度下的比电容可达442 F·g-1,5 A·g-1的电流密度下循环1100次后比电容保有率为72.6;.     

锰(Ⅱ)与5-[(蒽-9-亚甲基)-氨基]-间苯二甲酸的超分子配位聚合物的合成、表征及性能研究

以桥联配体5-[(蒽-9-亚甲基)-氨基]-间苯二甲酸和Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O 为原料,通过溶剂热法成功合成了一个新型三维超分子结构的配位聚合物{[Mn2(H2O)4(CH3OH)(C2H5OH)(L)2]·(CH3OH)2·H2O}n(H2L=5-[(蒽-9-亚甲基)-氨基]-间苯二甲酸),并通过红外光谱、元素分析、X射线粉末衍射、单晶 X 射线衍射和热重分析,对配位聚合物的单晶结构进行了表征.该配位聚合物属于三斜晶系,空间群P-1,晶胞参数:a=9.6850(19) nm,b=14.278(3) nm,c=17.666(4) nm,α=87.15(3)°,β=89.99(3)°,γ=83.96(3)°,V=2426.3(8) nm3,Z=2.该晶体结构为一维配位链,通过链与链之间的π…π相互作用和氢键形成了三维超分子结构.此外,在室温条件下,固态荧光测试表明配体及其配位聚合物分别在456 nm (λex=417 nm)和506 nm (λex=402 nm)具有较强的荧光.     

双核Cu(Ⅱ)乙二醇双(α-氨基乙基)醚四乙酸配合物的合成、表征及晶体结构

本文采用CuCl_2和乙二醇双(α-氨基乙基)醚四乙酸在甲醇和水溶液中合成了双核铜配合物,通过元素分析、红外光谱对配合物进行了表征,利用X单晶射线衍射仪测定了其结构.结构解析表明,该标题配合物属三斜晶系,空间群C2/c,晶胞参数a=2.0984(10) nm,b=0.7535(3) nm,c=1.3555(6) nm;α=90 °,β=90.8980(10) °,γ=90 °,V=2.1432(16)nm~3,Z=8,Dc=1.783 g.cm~(-3),F(000)=1184,μ=2.059 mm~(-1),最终偏差因子(对I＞2σ(I)的衍射点),R_1 = 0.0216,wR_2=0.0654,对全部衍射点R_1= 0.0249,wR_2=0.0664.在该配合物中,每个配体分别与两个中心金属离子螯合作用.每个铜离子均采用扭曲的三角双锥结构,分别与配体中的一个N原子,末端两个羧基上的氧原子以及两个水分子配位.     

Crystal Structure Analysis of 1′,2′,3′,4′‐tetrahydro‐1,3‐diphenyl‐4‐chlorospiro[2‐pyrazoline‐5,2‐napthalen]1′one

The crystal structure of the title compound “1′,2′,3′,4′‐tetrahydro‐1,3‐diphenyl‐4‐chlorospiro[2‐pyrazoline‐5,2‐napthalen] 1′one” has been determined. The structure consists of a pyrazoline ring, three aromatic rings and a tetralone moiety. All the aromatic rings are planar while the cyclohexonone ring of the tetralone moiety is in the distorted sofa conformation. The molecular packing is stabilized by C‐H…O and C‐H…π type inter molecular interactions.     

The mechanism of the formation of enantiotropic polymorphs of carisbamate in solution crystallization

The nucleation kinetics, as a function of supersaturation level, was studied for carisbamate, a polymorphic crystalline compound, in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and water. The induction times in nucleation kinetics varied markedly with respect to relative supersaturation in the range 1.3–2.3. At the same relative supersaturation, the induction time for carisbamate in methanol is the shortest, increasing in order from ethanol, 2-propanol, and then water. The interfacial tensions γ between carisbamate and methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and water were estimated from their induction times based on nucleation theory and were found to be about 3.6, 4.1, 4.5, and 5.7 mJ/m², respectively. These values were of same order of magnitude as those obtained from solubility data. The equation that displays the influence of interfacial tension, supersaturation and temperature on crystallization kinetics was derived, and found to be consistent with experimental observations. The mechanism of enantiotropic polymorphism for carisbamate in the solvents is illustrated. Using interfacial tension values determined for single solvents, the polymorphic form resulting from crystallization in mixed and pure solvent systems could be predicted with good accuracy.     

Characterization of L‐ascorbic acid single crystals grown from solution with different solvents

Single crystals of L‐ascorbic acid, popularly known as vitamin‐C, were grown from solutions with different solvents and solvent combinations by low temperature solution growth methods. The suitability of different solvents and solvent combinations such as acetone, ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, water, water + acetone (1:1), water + ethanol (3:1), water + isopropyl alcohol (3:1) and isopropyl alcohol + methanol (1:1) for crystal growth of L‐ascorbic acid was found out by assessing the solubility and crystallization behaviours. Solubility of L‐ascorbic acid in selected solvents and solvent combinations in a range of temperatures was determined by gravimetric method. Solution prepared with water, water + acetone (1:1), water + ethanol (3:1) and water + isopropyl alcohol (3:1) were yielded crystals with tabular, columnar and prismatic habits and their morphologies were evaluated by goniometry. Grown single crystals were characterized with various instrumental techniques such as powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, optical transmittance study, differential scanning calorimetry and second harmonic generation studies. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

二维锰(Ⅱ)配位聚合物[Mn2(bppc)4(H2O)]n·2nH2O的合成、晶体结构及热稳定性研究

以2,6-双(2-吡嗪基)吡啶-4-对苯甲酸和MnCl2为原料,在水热条件下合成了二维锰(Ⅱ)配位聚合物[Mn2(bppc)4(H2O)]n·2nH2O,并用元素分析、红外光谱、X射线单晶衍射对此配位聚合物进行了表征,测定结果表明,晶体属于单斜晶系,P2(1)/c空间群,晶胞参数为:a=10.3918(9) nm, b=24.519(2) nm ,c=7.0140(6) nm,α=90°,β=105.0890(10)°,γ=90°.此配位聚合物中MnII之间通过配体中吡嗪环上的氮和羧基氧的桥连形成一维链状结构,一维链再通过羧基基团上的氧的进一步桥连形成二维结构.另外,热重分析表明,此配位聚合物具有较好的热力学稳定性.     

Influences of ethanol on the thermodynamics and kinetics in the crystallization of xylitol

The metastable zone and crystal growth rates of xylitol in water were investigated under the influence of small volume fractions of ethanol. The utilization of low amounts of ethanol is necessary to help adding slightly soluble ingredients during the fabrication of xylitol products, e.g. in food industry. Therefore, the metastable zone and crystal growth rates were determined by means of an ultrasound measurement technique and batch crystallization experiments. It can clearly be seen that the addition of ethanol is lowering the solubility of xylitol in water. The higher the volume fraction of ethanol, the lower the solubility. The metastable zone width is increased whereas the smallest investigated ethanol content results in the widest metastable zone. The crystal growth of xylitol is inhibited by the addition of ethanol whereby the crystal growth rates are decreasing with increasing ethanol content.     

Thermal conductivity of glassy primary mono-hydroxylalcohols

Thermal conductivity κ(T) data for homologous series of primary mono-hydric alcohols – methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol – within their molecular glass states are analyzed within the temperature region stretching from 2 K up to the glass transition T_g. Below 7 K κ(T) increases with the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Furthermore, its temperature dependence exhibits a behavior akin to that predicted by the phenomenological model of soft potentials (SPM). The data are then rationalized in terms of the SPM parameters such as characteristic energy W and the parameter ¯С which measures the strength of the coupling of acoustic modes with two-level systems. The dependence of such parameters upon the molecular mass of the alcohol seems to agree with the SPM predictions. The parameters ¯С and W were used to calculate the boson peak energies. The values obtained agree well with literature data.     

Syntheses and crystal structures of two new coordination polymers constructed from 2‐bromo‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate

To explore the possibility of obtaining the metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) bearing the 2‐bromo‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate ligand, one new Mn(II) and one Co(II) coordination polymers, [Mn(HL)₂(bipy)₂·2H₂O]·bipy ( 1 ) and [Co(L)(bpe)] ( 2 ) (bipy=4,4′‐bipyridine; bpe=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 exhibits one‐dimensional coordination chains, which are further connected to form two dimensional supramolecular networks through hydrogen bonding interactions. Compound 2 presents a two‐fold interpenetrating two‐dimensional layer structure. The 2‐bromo‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate anion exhibits different coordination modes in the two complexes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)