An analytical method for the electro-acoustic performance of the underwater transducer

A finite element-Helmholtz integral hybrid method has been developed to calculate the electro-acoustic performance of a finite length cylindrical transducer immersed in water. The numerical study concerned with electrical impedances and beam patterns of the transducer is presented. Experimental data are shown to support the numerical study.     

Electrometric method to determine the surface impedance of an ice–sea water bilayer system

An electrometric method to determine the surface impedance of an ice–sea water bilayer system is suggested. The complex impedance (its magnitude and phase) of this system is determined at very low, low, and medium frequencies from electrometric, rather than radio, measurements. For the ice–sea water system, it is sufficient to determine the conductivity and thickness of a water sample from drilling data.     

Nanoscale device modeling: the Green’s function method

The non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism provides a sound conceptual basis for the devlopment of atomic-level quantum mechanical simulators that will be needed for nanoscale devices of the future. However, this formalism is based on concepts that are unfamiliar to most device physicists and chemists and as such remains relatively obscure. In this paper we try to achieve two objectives: (1) explain the central concepts that define the ‘language’ of quantum transport, and (2) illustrate the NEGF formalism with simple examples that interested readers can easily duplicate on their PCs. These examples all involve a short n ^+  + – n ⁺ – n ^+  + resistor whose physics is easily understood. However, the basic formulation is quite general and can even be applied to something as different as a nanotube or a molecular wire, once a suitable Hamiltonian has been identified. These examples also underscore the importance of performing self-consistent calculations that include the Poisson equation. The I–V characteristics of nanoscale structures is determined by an interesting interplay between twentieth century physics (quantum transport) and nineteenth century physics (electrostatics) and there is a tendency to emphasize one or the other depending on one’s background. However, it is important to do justice to both aspects in order to derive real insights.     

Applications of F-expansion method to the coupled KdV system

An extended F-expansion method for finding periodic wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics is presented, which can be thought of as a concentration of extended Jacobi elliptic function expansion method proposed more recently. By using the homogeneous balance principle and the extended F-expansion, more periodic wave solutions expressed by Jacobi elliptic functions for the coupled KdV equations are derived. In the limit cases, the solitary wave solutions and the other type of travelling wave solutions for the system are also obtained.     

On the fictitious nonlinearity of the surface impedance of the Earth’s crust

The observations of Alfvén oscillations of the magnetosphere are used to study the Earth’s crust and upper mantle by the magnetotelluric sounding method. The sounding procedure involves the measurement of the horizontal components of the electromagnetic field at a given point on the ground, the calculation of the surface impedance, and the determination of the conductivity of rocks from these data. It has been shown that the anharmonicity of the oscillations of the magnetosphere in combination with the nonlocality of the boundary condition on the ground gives rise to the amplitude dependence of the impedance calculated using the classical magnetotelluric sounding method. This apparent nonlinearity of the impedance can be manifested in the sounding of the Earth’s interior with intense electromagnetic pulsations, which appear when the Earth’s magnetosphere is embedded in the highspeed solar wind flow.     

Spatial coherence measurement of a scanning laser system and applicability of the Zernike’s approximation to the exit pupil on the scan mirror

Spatial coherence of the scanning laser beam was observed on the Young??s experimental set up using 50-??m-wide, 200-??m-separation double slits, which measured the less than unity fringe visibility in the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the double slits illuminated by the scanning laser beam at horizontal scan frequency 21 kHz, while approximately unity in case of the illumination by the laser beam at rest. This fact allow us to use the Zernike??s approximation when applying the van Cittert Zernike theorem to the scanning laser system such as the laser pico-projectors in order to estimate its speckle contrast in the projected image on the screen diffuser. The predicted and measured speckle contrasts showed excellent agreement on the screen illuminated by the laser projector.     

Shell energy in the heaviest nuclei using the Green’s function oscillator expansion method

The Greens function oscillator expansion method and the generalized Strutinsky smoothing procedure are applied to shell corrections in the heaviest elements. A macroscopic-microscopic method with a finite deformed Woods-Saxon potential is used. The stability condition for the shell correction is discussed in detail and the parameters defining the smoothing procedure are carefully determined. It is demonstrated that the spurious contribution to the total binding energy due to the unphysical particle gas that appears in the standard method can be as large as 1.5 MeV for weakly bound neutron-rich superheavy nuclei, but the effect on energy differences (e.g., alpha-decay values) is fairly small.     

A new method for the analysis of transmission property in carbon nanotubes using Green’s function

A new method for the analysis of electron transmission property in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using Green’s function is presented in this paper for the first time. Using the proposed method, a new relation for the transmission function through a deformed SWCNT is obtained, which depends on the energy variations and the coupling matrices related to the mechanical deformations applied to the structure of CNT. The obtained new relation is explained by the presented results in the literature.     

Modeling of four-electrode system to determine the resistance of antistatic coatings – Optimizing the size of the measurement area

In the paper, mathematical models for determination of resistivity of thin antistatic coatings are presented. The models use the four-points method and the method of images. The relations between the sample size and the distance between the electrode set and the edge of the sample were analyzed. It was found that the distance between the electrode set and the object edge should be at least 5 times greater than the electrode spacing to allow us using much simpler formulas for infinite flat object with measurement uncertainty below 5%. The correctness of theoretical considerations was verified experimentally.     

The Green’s function method in the problem of sound diffraction by an elastic shell of noncanonical shape

Using the Green function method and dynamic elasticity theory, we obtain a solution to the problem of sound diffraction by elastic shells of noncanonical shapes formed by spheroidal, cylindrical, and spherical bodies. The angular scattering characteristics of such compound bodies with different wave sizes are calculated.     

Applying the reference-wavelength method to improve the precision of glucose measurement by near infrared spectroscopy

The reference-wavelength method is proposed to diminish the influence of noises on glucose measurement by differentially processing two signals at the reference and measuring wavelengths.At the reference wavelength,the radiation intensity is insensitive to the changes of glucose concentration.Therefore,it can be used as the internal reference to estimate the noise and then to extract the effective glucose signal at the other wavelengths.The validation experiments are constructed in the non-scattering samples with the reference wavelength of glucose at 1525 nm.The results show that the reference-wavelength-based glucose-specific signal extracting method can largely improve the glucose prediction precision from 17.56 to 8.87mg/dL in the two-component experiment and from 26.82 to 9.94 mg/dL in the three-component experiment.     

Green’s tensor for crystals of the hexagonal system

Expressions for components of the Green’s tensor of the basic equation of the elasticity theory for hexagonal system crystals have been obtained using the Lifshitz-Rozentsveig method. A problem is in principle reduced to finding the roots of a sixth-order algebraic equation. They are either complex or purely imaginary for all known hcp metals. In both cases, the desired components of the Green’s tensor are calculated exactly in contrast to metals of the cubic system. A limiting transition to the isotropic approximation is shown.     

Analytical approach to quantum phase transitions of ultracold Bose gases in bipartite optical lattices using the generalized Green’s function method

In order to investigate the quantum phase transitions and the time-of-flight absorption pictures analytically in a systematic way for ultracold Bose gases in bipartite optical lattices, we present a generalized Green’s function method. Utilizing this method, we study the quantum phase transitions of ultracold Bose gases in two types of bipartite optical lattices, i.e., a hexagonal lattice with normal Bose–Hubbard interaction and a d-dimensional hypercubic optical lattice with extended Bose–Hubbard interaction. Furthermore, the time-of-flight absorption pictures of ultracold Bose gases in these two types of lattices are also calculated analytically. In hexagonal lattice, the time-of-flight interference patterns of ultracold Bose gases obtained by our analytical method are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results of Soltan-Panahi, et al. [Nat. Phys. 7, 434 (2011)]. In square optical lattice, the emergence of peaks at \(\left( { \pm \frac{\pi }{a}, \pm \frac{\pi }{a}} \right)\) in the time-of-flight absorption pictures, which is believed to be a sort of evidence of the existence of a supersolid phase, is clearly seen when the system enters the compressible phase from charge-density-wave phase.     

Self-consistent calculations within the Green’s function method including particle-phonon coupling and the single-particle continuum

The Green’s function method in the Quasiparticle Time Blocking Approximation is applied to nuclear excitations in ¹³²Sn and ²⁰⁸Pb. The calculations are performed self-consistently using a Skyrme interaction. The method combines the conventional RPA with an exact single-particle continuum treatment and considers in a consistent way the particle-phonon coupling. We reproduce not only the experimental values of low-and high-lying collective states but we also obtain fair agreement with the data of non-collective low-lying states that are strongly influenced by the particle-phonon coupling.     

Self-consistent calculations of deep Sn and Se vacancy levels in SnSe by the Green’s function method

In the context of the Green’s function theory, the electronic structure of local defects-vacancies is considered self-consistently in the basis of localized orbitals. The origin and orbital structure of the electronic states in the gap, resonances and antiresonances in the valence band, and defect-induced changes in the electron density are discussed.     

Estimation of the Parameters of Asteroid Movement Using Beale’s Nonlinearity Measure

Russian Physics Journal - Beale’s nonlinearity estimation algorithm is adapted for solving asteroid problems. It has been tested for model and actual asteroids. It is shown that this...     

Ab initio calculation of local vibrational modes by the Green’s function method. Application to GaAs:C and GaN:As

We present an ab initio technique for the calculation of vibrational modes at deep defects in semiconductors outside and inside the host-phonon bands. The dynamical matrix is calculated using density-functional theory in the local density approximation. In the results presented here all interatomic harmonic forces up to the eleventh nearest neighbour of a particular atom of the perturbed or unperturbed crystal are included. The Green's function method is used to obtain the difference of the density of phonon states between the perturbed and the perfect crystal. This technique is applied to calculate the split-off mode at the C impurity at As site in GaAs and its isotope shifts, which are in good agreement with Raman scattering experiments. It is demonstrated that the impurities generate resonances and localized modes inside the host-phonon bands. The resonances arise at specific energies of the density of phonon states of the perfect crystal which are practically independent of the chemical nature of the defect, whereas the localized modes show distinct impurity or ligand isotope shifts. Our calculations of GaAs and cubic GaN lead to the assignment of a number of low energy Raman-scattering peaks between 7.2 meV and 31.0 meV, observed at a layer of cubic GaN on a GaAs substrate, to resonances inside the phonon bands of GaAs and GaN. Received 5 March 1999     

Absorption coefficient measurement of high-resistivity germanium at 2.52 THz by Brewster’s angle method

Brewster’s angle method was adopted to measure the absorption coefficient of a set of high-resistivity germanium samples at 2.52 THz in this paper. Numerical simulations were firstly carried out to evaluate the errors during measurement. The experimental setup was improved, and measurement was carried out based on a CW THz laser at 2.52 THz.     

Working principles of the energy measurement system at BEPCⅡ

The proposed beam energy measurement system at BEPCⅡ is composed