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1.
We have irradiated 30 elements with 11 MeV protons and we present here: (1) The specific activities for the main radioisotopes produced by (p, n) or (p, α) reactions (on main γ rays except the 511 keV). (2) The main γ energies of these radioisotopes (at ±0.3 keV) when they have not been accurately measured previously. (3) The limits of detection or the lowest amounts measured in samples of Al, Ag or Co. From these preliminary results it can be deduced that 11 MeV protons offer new possibilities in the field of activation analysis.   相似文献   

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3.
Increasing interest is devoted in geochemistry to the determination of minor elements in rocks and minerals with the best analytical precision. The use of different methods is quite useful to point out and overcome the systematic and specific interferences of the geological matrix. 14 MeV neutron activation analysis can be used for such a purpose as an additional check method. A successful attempt has been made in the determination of rubidium in different geochemical standards. A sensitivity of 100 ppm can be reached with a 5% precision without any interference problem.  相似文献   

4.
Résumé On a étudié les méthodes et les techniques d'analyse par activation de minerais pour la détermination d'éléments rarès d'après leurs isotopes de longue période: on donne la précision évaluée, la sensibilité, le rendement pour la détermination de Ta, Cs, Hf, Sc, Sb. On a montré la nécessité de combiner les méthodes d'analyse par activation aux neutrons et par fluorescence X dans les études géochimiques.  相似文献   

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The general features of a new physical process for the qualitative and quantitative routine analysis of rare earth mixtures are given. The characteristic sharp lines in the magneto-optical rotation spectra of these elements are utilized. The recording photoelectric spectropolarimeter used is described briefly. A comparison is made with two other physical processes-absorption and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The proposed method appears to be the best when a mixture with more than 3 or 4 elements must be analysed. The sensitivity and accuracy are given for 9 rare earths. Improvements of the process are suggested.  相似文献   

7.
Chemical and electrochemical samples of lead dioxides PbO2α (orthorhombic) and PbO2β (tetragonal) are studied by quasi-elastic neutron scattering and by X-ray diffraction between 77 and 550 K. The presence of OH?-like proton species is established: the electrochemical species are characterized by two types of local proton motions (ΔE12 = 300 μeV, ΔE12 = 40 μeV). The thermal expansion of the chemical and electrochemical sample shows: (1) the loss of OH?-like charged species after heating to 550 K, (2) an anisotropy of the OH ··· O bonds in the [PbO6] octahedra chains which are oriented differently in the α and β structures. An interpretation of the role of protons is proposed.  相似文献   

8.
We show here an adaptation of the classical Flash Method permitting the measure of the thermal conductivity of semi-transparent porous materials. A flash lamp send a heat pulse on the upper face of a cylindrical sample and lower face temperature is analysed. The semi-transparent material is sandwiched between two copper slices. The sample used scatters thermal radiation, and absorbs it very little. It is therefore possible to account for two parts of heat transfer through the material: a pure conductive phenomenon and a radiative one. In most insulating materials radiative transfer represents about 1/3 of the total heat flux at the ambiant temperature. The problem is solved with electrical analogy, quadripoles technique and Laplace transform. The modelization brings out two physical character parameters of the material and a coefficient qualifying the thermal exchange between the sample and the environment during the experiment.  相似文献   

9.
We have used three physicochemical methods, reverse phase gas chromatography, Calvet microcalorimetry and rheology to examine the kinetics of isothermal cross-linking in the polycondensation of epoxy-prepolymers with aromatic amines. Gas chromatography results further define those obtained with gel time meter and rheological methods, and furnish not only a “gel point” but also a “gelling zone” for the two systems investigated.  相似文献   

10.
Photonuclear activation and high resolution gamma spectrometry have been used to determine nondestructively 28 trace elements in coal. The samples and synthetic multielement standards were simultaneously irradiated in the bremsstrahlung beam at 18 and 30 MeV maximum energies. Taking into account the contribution of the main possible interferences, limits of detection between 0.2 and 125 μg·g−1 were obtained.

Stagiaire Etranger au C. E. A.  相似文献   

11.
The complexing of Li+ by two new ethers has been studied by spectrophotometry. The strength of the complexing has been checked by tacticity analysis of PMMA obtained in the presence of the two (Li+, ether) systems. A weak (Li+, ether) complex does not affect the isotactic character of the anionic propagation in a hydrocarbon medium but, if the donor is a crown ether, Li+ is strongly complexed and the propagation becomes syndiotactic.  相似文献   

12.
Résumé Une méthode d'étude de la composition stoéchiométrique de couches minces (10 à 500 μg/cm2) de verres chalcogénures est développée. L'étude des réactions nucléaire; induites par bombardement de protons de basse énergie (<4 MeV) sur les éléments constitutifs Ge, As, Te et S, conduit à choisir la diffusion élastique et la détection de gammas prompts pour le dosage simulatené. La précision et la sensibilité de la méthode sont discutées à partir des résultats obtenus. L'utilisation de la résonance fine sur le soufre (p, p'γ) est appliquée à l'étude de l'homogénéité des cibles.  相似文献   

13.
Fluorinated derivatives of trichloro- and dichloropyrimidines and dichloropyrazines have been synthetised and analysed by 1H and 19F n.m.r. in association with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The behaviour of the compounds under electron-impact is presented and discussed. Attention has been drawn to different mass spectra for distinct positional isomers, confirming the main degradation schemes proposed.  相似文献   

14.
Résumé Les auteurs montrent que le moment dipolaire d'une molécule peut, avec une bonne approximation, se réduire à la somme vectorielle des moments atomiques et d'un moment de charges ponctuelles centrées sur les atomes. Les charges ainsi définies sont indépendantes du système d'axes de coordonnées.
Population analysis by LCAO calculations: Charges and atomic moments
The authors show that the dipole moment of a molecule can be reduced to the vector sum of the atomic moments and of a moment due to point charges centred on atoms with a good accuracy. The so defined charges are independent of the coordinate system.

Zusammenfassung Die Autoren zeigen, daß das Dipolmoment von Molekülen als Vektorsumme der Atommomente und eines Moments, das von Punktladungen an den Atomen herrührt, dargestellt werden kann. Die dabei definierten Ladungen sind unabhängig vom Koordinatensystem.


Equipe de Recherche Associée au C.N.R.S. n 22.

Remerciements. Ce travail a été en partie présenté au 2ème Colloque International des Chimistes Théoriciens d'expression latine (Paris, septembre 1970).Les auteurs remercient les participants à ce Colloque et en particulier Madame A. Pullman et Monsieur P. Claverie pour leurs remarques et leurs suggestions. Leur gratitude va également au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique pour l'aide matérielle qu'il apporte à ces recherches.  相似文献   

15.
A method applicable for serial determination of traces of chlorine in SiO2−Al2O3 catalysts by neutron activation is described. The results are evaluated by means of a computer. The38Cl activity is subtracted from the activity of the interfering components (56Mn,24Na) and this enables a direct γ-spectrometric determination. In praxis ten samples should be irradiated simultaneously and for this reason 3 standards are irradiated together with the samples to correct for the fluxus gradient. The reproducibility of the method is better than 2 per cent for 10–300 mg samples with a Cl content of 10 ppm.   相似文献   

16.
(The spectrophotometric determination of phenolic compounds in vegetable extracts by oxidation with copper(II) in nonaqueous media)Oxidation with copper(II) in nonaqueous medium is used for the o-diphenolic compounds chlorogenic acid, rutin, pyrocatechol and epicatechol. A spectrophotometric study of the o-diphenol and o-quinone forms leads to the establishment of two systems of equations for the determination of these compounds. This study complements earlier results. The validity of the method is discussed on the basis of results obtained with Passe-crassane pear extracts.  相似文献   

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Résumé Nous donnerons ici quelques exemples d'application de l'analyse par activation neutronique à l'étude de problèmes géochimiques: (1) Distribution des alcalins rares et du thallium dans les feldspaths; (2) Mesure du rapport Zr/Hf dans les zircons; (3) Dosage du Vanadium dans les argiles. Les trois types de roches ou minéraux qui ont fait l'objet de ces travaux montrent bien nous semble t-il la souplesse d'utilisation de la méthode.  相似文献   

19.
Résumé On a étudié une méthode de séparation rapide des isotopes de courte période15O et13N dans les métaux alcalins et15O dans d'autres métaux pour déterminer l'oxygène et le carbone par activation γ à l'aide d'un microtron.  相似文献   

20.
《Analytical letters》2012,45(3):219-229
Abstract

A method is described for the determination of traces of arsenic in industrial ZnSO4 solutions for electrolysis by cathodic stripping voltammetry. The limit of detection is of the order of 1 ppb.  相似文献   

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