直视型微光夜视系统最小可分辨对比度模型

从信号检测和人眼视觉角度出发,研究了直视微光夜视系统综合性能评估理论,推导出直视型微光成像系统的MRC（最小可分辨对比度）模型。该模型将光学传递特性与系统信噪比结合,建立了系统直视微光夜视MRC与目标特性、直视微光夜视仪以及人眼各部分参数之间的数学关系。验证结果表明,由该模型得到的系统极限分辨率相较于系统实际测出的分辨率相对误差为3.08%。     

一种基于强迫性选择MRC测量的新方法

与传统光电成像系统成像质量的评价方法相比,最小可分辨对比度(MRC)能够更全面地反映光电成像系统的极限性能。它考虑了系统的灵敏度、噪声、目标空间频率以及人眼视觉特性等因素对系统阈值对比度的影响,可用于光电成像系统的视距估算。在分析微光ICCD成像系统工作原理的基础上,研制了新型微光ICCD成像系统MRC特性测试仪。以该系统为实验装置、以Weibull心理测量方程为理论基础设计了一种选择性靶标。基于选择性靶标,提出了一种基于强迫性选择MRC测量的新方法,利用该方法对微光ICCD成像系统进行了实际测量。该方法对建立微光ICCD成像系统MRC理论模型具有重要的指导意义,对直视型微光成像系统MRC特性的测量具有借鉴意义,对光电成像系统成像质量的评价具有重要的使用价值。     

光电子技术与器件 光放大、控制与器件

TN223 2006032458一种基于强迫性选择MRC测量的新方法=A novel meth-od based on forced-choice for MRC measurement[刊,中]/李升才(北京特种车辆研究所.北京(100072)) ,金伟其…∥光学技术.—2006 ,32(2) .—230-233在分析微光ICCD成像系统工作原理的基础上,研制了新型微光ICCD成像系统MRC特性测试仪。以该系统为实验装置,以Weibull心理测量方程为理论基础设计了一种选择性靶标。基于选择性靶标,提出了一种基于强迫性选择MRC测量的新方法,利用该方法对微光ICCD成像系统进行了实际测量。该方法对建立微光ICCD成像系统MRC理论…     

基于光电成像系统最小可分辨对比度的扩展源目标作用距离模型

可见光/近红外光电成像系统的作用距离预测是实际系统总体设计的重要环节.为了使系统的预测及性能评价更准确.研究了光电成像系统对扩展源日标的作用距离预测方法,给出了最小可分辨对比度(MRC)的定义及其测量方法,提出了基于MRC的作用距离模型;通过结合实际系统分析,讨论了模型的计算过程及其特点.由于综合考虑了,日标与背景特性、环境路径和大气特性、光电成像系统特性以及人眼视觉特性等因索,提出的作用距离预测方法较传统基于瞬时视场(IFOV)的极限分辨角方法更为合理科学,可有效地进行陆上、海上以及航空航人遥感等可见光/近红外光电成像系统的性能评价.     

自动亮度控制对微光电视系统强光适应性的影响

定量分析了自动亮度控制对微光电视系统强光适应性的影响。结合系统信号响应特性,建立了自动亮度控制作用后强光能量与系统成像对比度的关系模型;充分考虑系统动态范围、增益特性、灰度量化等因素,建立了自动亮度控制电路作用后系统响应特性的定量表征模型。基于上述模型,建立了引入自动亮度控制后强光作用微光系统成像的数字仿真模型,并基于模拟输出图像定量分析了不同能量强光对系统侦察性能的影响。理论分析及实验仿真结果表明：自动亮度控制的引入,能够扩大微光系统的动态范围,增强微光电视系统的适用性,但同时导致系统随着强光光亮度增大,成像灰度及对比度下降,侦察性能下降。     

基于三代微光ICCD成像装置的目标对比度影响因素测试分析

微光夜视整机可以在夜间光照条件较差的情况下,对目标实施有效观察,而夜间观察目标对比度是整机作用距离影响因素中的重要指标。为满足微光夜视整机夜间观察理论分析及试验对目标对比度数据的迫切需求,基于三代微光像增强器具有与星光条件下自然光辐射光谱良好匹配的使用特性,搭建了基于三代微光ICCD的成像装置。并从微光成像系统的能量传递链及光电子成像系统的视觉特征方程分别推导环境光照度和目标-背景反射率比与对比度关系。在暗室和夜天光条件下开展了对比度试验,试验结果证明,当照度处于三代微光像增强器照度-亮度的线性相关照度区间[E_s, E_m]时,对比度与照度无关;对同一目标及背景采集图像,目标-背景反射率越接近1,对比度越小。     

基于微光像增强器的偏振成像系统设计与实验

为验证用微光像增强器实现偏振成像的可行性,根据偏振成像原理,设计了基于分时型偏振成像技术的微光偏振检偏器。选用三代像增强器和高动态范围数字CCD,设计了相应大口径成像物镜和中继光学耦合透镜,获得了高透过率、高调制函数（MTF）的图像耦合性能。采用数字CCD、数字图像采集卡,编写了相应图像处理软件,实现了实验室和野外微光条件下的人造目标和自然景物的偏振探测成像。结果表明,原始图像中目标与背景对比度之比为1.35,基于微光像增强器的偏振成像系统的目标与背景对比度之比为2.35,微光偏振成像能够提高夜间环境下人造目标和自然背景的对比度。     

基于测量最小可分辨对比度的CCD相机成像质量的评价

针对评价CCD相机成像质量MTF方法的缺点,引入了最小可分辨对比度MRC这个评价指标,并研制了相应测量MRC的系统.在这个系统中采用两个重叠积分球分别对靶标的正反两面照明,通过改变这两个积分球的亮度就可以获得可变的对比度.实验结果表明：测量MRC系统测量亮度的误差可控制在±0.3cd/m2以内; CCD相机的MRC随着空间频率的增加而增加;测量CCD相机的MRC是评价CCD相机成像质量的一种快速有效的方法.     

相干场成像技术分辨率研究

根据光学传递函数的相关理论, 推导了相干场成像技术(又称傅里叶望远镜)的光学传递函数和点扩散函数, 给出了T型、O型两种发射镜阵列布局相干场成像系统的分辨率计算公式, 为分析相干场成像系统能实现的极限角分辨率提供了理论依据. 在此基础上研究了T型、O型两种发射镜阵列布局相干场成像系统的分辨率之间的关系. 关键词： 相干场成像 傅里叶望远镜 分辨率 光学传递函数     

一种激光扫描水下成像系统的衰减长度值研究

简述了水下目标激光成像方法和优点。并描述了一种水下连续蓝绿激光点扫描，微光增强ＣＣＤ面成像实验系统。分析了该系统的物理模型和计算公式。验证：处于对比度极限模式工作时。在水质及目标确定条件下，该值也许可成为判断系统优劣的依据。     

基于最小可分辨对比度的CCD成像系统最佳角放大率研究

光电成像系统存在一个最佳角放大率,使人眼与成像系统达到最佳匹配状态,系统获得最佳性能.基于MRC物理意义,提出MRC信道宽度CCD成像系统综合性能评价方法,通过实际CCD成像系统的观察实验确定了评价模型的表达式,分析了各种系统参数变化对该方法的影响.结果表明,利用MRC信道宽度评价方法描述的最佳角放大率变化与实际情况一致.在最佳角放大率情况下,系统与人眼视觉得到最佳匹配.     

Realizing variable contrast technique in MRC measuring target using integrating sphere

In order to realize variable contrast in the minimum resolvable contrast(MRC)measuring target in the visible imaging system, a novel technique is presented, which adopts two integrating spheres to illuminate two sides of target respectively and the different contrasts can be achieved by regulating the luminancein two integrating spheres. This technique can make the contrast be regulated more conveniently. Based on this technique, the MRC measuring device is developed. This device can be used in all kinds of trial fields. The expanded uncertainty of measuring MRC is less than 3％.     

Detection of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation with MR cholangiography.

To assess the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) when evaluating biliary complications in the follow-up of liver transplant patients. One hundred and thirteen patients prospectively underwent MR imaging and MR cholangiography at 1.5-T unit after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). After the acquisition of axial T1- and T2-weighted sequences, MRC involved a coronal, non breath-hold, respiratory-triggered, fat-suppressed, two-dimensional, thin-slab, heavily T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence, and coronal breath-hold, thick-slab, single-shot T2-weighted sequences. The images and maximum intensity projections were evaluated by two readers in order to determine biliary anatomy and the presence of complications, whose final diagnosis was based on endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in 50 patients, percutaneous trans-hepatic cholangiography (PTC) in five, and by integrating clinical follow-up with ultrasound and MR findings in 58 cases. MRC had a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 86%, a negative predictive value of 96%, and a global diagnostic accuracy of 93% in detecting all types of biliary complications in OLT patients. MRC is a reliable technique for detecting post-OLT biliary complications. We now restrict the use of ERC to patients for whom therapeutic procedures are advocated or whose MRC results are equivocal.     

用于探测生物芯片的制冷型ICCD系统

利用光锥耦合的ICCD系统探测荧光染料标记的生物芯片,并对CCD芯片和像增强器制冷,以提高探测灵敏度。基于实验分析结果,指出背景噪声的主要来源为杂散光和生物芯片基底所发的荧光,指出用镜头成像限制了系统探测灵敏度的提高,可采用低荧光物质作为生物芯片的基底对系统加以改进。     

Metabolism-enhanced tumor localization by fluorescence imaging: in vivo animal studies

We present a high-sensitivity near-infrared optical imaging system for noninvasive cancer detection and localization based on molecularly labeled fluorescent contrast agents. This frequency-domain system utilizes the interferencelike pattern of diffuse photon density waves to achieve high detection sensitivity and localization accuracy for the fluorescent heterogeneity embedded inside the scattering media. A two-dimensional localization map is obtained through reflectance probe geometry and goniometric reconstruction. In vivo measurements with a tumor-bearing mouse model by use of the novel Cypate-mono-2-deoxy-glucose fluorescent contrast agent, which targets the enhanced tumor glycolysis, demonstrate the feasibility of detection of a 2-cm-deep subsurface tumor in the tissuelike medium, with a localization accuracy within 2-3 mm.     

Characterization of the Performance of Micro-Scanning Infrared Imager

According to the working mechanisms of micro-scanning imagery, an application-oriented analytical method of micro-scanning imager is proposed. Firstly, the sensitivity and resolution of infrared imaging system based on the micro-scanning are characterized respectively, and the modification of Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (MRTD) model due to the micro-scanning is implemented. A comparison of MRTD curve between the staring and micro-scanning imaging system is performed. Finally, the field performance of micro-scanning based infrared imaging system is predicted and discussed with the target acquisition model. The simulated results show whether micro-scanning improve the infrared imaging system performance depends on the other imaging system parameters, and working conditions.     

Image contrast in X‐ray reflection interface microscopy: comparison of data with model calculations and simulations

The contrast mechanism for imaging molecular‐scale features on solid surfaces is described for X‐ray reflection interface microscopy (XRIM) through comparison of experimental images with model calculations and simulated measurements. Images of elementary steps show that image contrast is controlled by changes in the incident angle of the X‐ray beam with respect to the sample surface. Systematic changes in the magnitude and sign of image contrast are asymmetric for angular deviations of the sample from the specular reflection condition. No changes in image contrast are observed when defocusing the condenser or objective lenses. These data are explained with model structure‐factor calculations that reproduce all of the qualitative features observed in the experimental data. These results provide new insights into the image contrast mechanism, including contrast reversal as a function of incident angle, the sensitivity of image contrast to step direction (i.e. up versus down), and the ability to maximize image contrast at almost any scattering condition defined by the vertical momentum transfer, Q_z. The full surface topography can then, in principle, be recovered by a series of images as a function of incident angle at fixed momentum transfer. Inclusion of relevant experimental details shows that the image contrast magnitude is controlled by the intersection of the reciprocal‐space resolution function (i.e. controlled by numerical aperture of the condenser and objective lenses) and the spatially resolved interfacial structure factor of the object being imaged. Together these factors reduce the nominal contrast for a step near the specular reflection condition to a value similar to that observed experimentally. This formalism demonstrates that the XRIM images derive from limited aperture contrast, and explains how non‐zero image contrast can be obtained when imaging a pure phase object corresponding to the interfacial topography.