CoNi-PVP复合催化剂的制备及对乙醇电催化氧化性能研究

采用还原-高分子稳定剂(PVP)络合保护的方法制备用于催化乙醇氧化的纳米复合材料CoNi-PVP.通过红外光谱(IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜能谱(SEM-EDS)等技术对纳米复合催化材料进行表征.结果显示,得到的产物为Co,Ni纳米线,直径3～5 nm,长度约100 nm.利用循环伏安和计时电流法测试了其在碱性介质中对乙醇电化学氧化的催化能力.CoNi-PVP-C电极中的Co、Ni金属含量为2%,PVP∶CoNi物质量比为5∶1时,对乙醇的电化学氧化有最佳催化活性.     

Ni,Ru掺杂CePO4纳米材料的合成与仿酶性质

通过水热方法合成了具有高比表面积的Ni, Ru掺杂CePO₄纳米粒子(NiRu-CePO₄). 结合纳米粒子的X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线能谱(EDX)的表征结果发现, NiRu-CePO₄符合六方相磷酸铈, 纳米粒子长轴尺寸约为20 nm, Ni和Ru均匀分布于纳米CePO₄中; 样品的BET表面积高达178.4 m²/g, ζ电势为-18.2 mV. 以3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)作为电子供体和显色剂, 通过分光光度法监测652 nm处的吸光度值对产物浓度进行分析, 结果表明, NiRu-CePO₄催化剂在宽泛的pH范围内表现出类过氧化物酶和类氧化酶活性. 对催化后的催化剂进行表征, 发现样品形貌、 元素分散性和表面Ce的价态均未显著变化, 表明NiRu-CePO₄具有较高的稳定性.     

NaxMyFe（CN）6（M=Fe,Co,Ni）:一类新颖的钠离子电池正极材料

应用化学沉淀法合成了3种普鲁士蓝类化合物NaxMyFe(CN)6(M=Fe,Co,Ni),并研究了以此类化合物作钠离子电池正极材料的可行性.XRD和SEM分析表明,合成的3种目标产物均具有典型的立方晶型结构,粒子尺寸为20～50 nm.循环伏安扫描和恒电流充放电测试表明,这类化合物均能实现可逆的钠离子嵌入-脱嵌反应,但不同的金属表现出不同的电化学性质.如M为Fe或Co,材料中的Fe(CN)64+和Fe2+/Co2+离子这两个电化学活性中心都能参与氧化还原反应,NaFeFe(CN)6和Na2CoFe(CN)6的首周可逆容量分别为113和120mAh.g-1,且循环性能比较稳定.由于这类结构中Ni离子不能参与氧化还原反应,Na2NiFe(CN)6的可逆容量仅为64 mAh.g-1,但循环性能非常优异.本工作的初步结果证明了普鲁士蓝类化合物具有良好的钠离子脱嵌能力,有望成为一类价格低廉、环境友好的钠离子电池正极材料.     

Co_3O_4纳米立方体的可控合成及其CO氧化反应性能

在乙醇和三乙胺的混合溶液中,采用溶剂热法制备了尺寸为10 nm的Co3O4立方体.考察了钴盐前驱体和溶解氧对Co3O4纳米立方体结构的影响规律,通过对合成过程中不同阶段产物的结构分析和表征,提出了Co3O4纳米立方体的形成机制是溶解再结晶的过程.将所制备的Co3O4纳米立方体在200°C焙烧处理后,尺寸和形貌均可保持稳定,但400°C焙烧后,变为球形纳米粒子.这种主要暴露{100}晶面的Co3O4纳米立方体催化CO氧化反应的活性低于纳米粒子({111}晶面),验证了四氧化三钴纳米材料在CO氧化反应中的晶面效应.     

催化反应制备碳化硅纳米粉体的密度泛函理论计算及实验研究

以Si_(55),Si_(43)M_(12)和Si_(37)M_(18)(M=Fe,Co或Ni)团簇为模型,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了Fe,Co及Ni纳米团簇催化硅粉转化为SiC的机理.计算结果表明,Fe,Co及Ni纳米催化剂先与Si形成合金,拉长并弱化Si—Si键的强度,起到活化Si粉的作用;合金的形成有利于C原子的吸附及Si原子和C原子间的反应;Fe的催化能力强于Co和Ni.在此基础上,以Si粉和酚醛树脂为原料,以Fe,Co及Ni硝酸盐为催化剂前驱体,通过微波加热反应制备了3C-SiC纳米粉体.研究了催化剂种类、反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间等对制备3C-SiC纳米粉体的影响.结果表明,催化剂Fe,Co和Ni的加入均可显著降低3C-SiC的合成温度.当以2.0%(质量分数)的Fe为催化剂时,Si粉在1100℃下反应30 min后即可全部转化为3C-SiC纳米粉体;而在相同条件下,无催化剂时Si粉的完全转化温度为1250℃;Fe的催化效果优于Co和Ni,与DFT计算结果吻合.     

AuPd合金纳米粒子的电化学制备及其对乙醇氧化的催化性能

以氧化铟锡(ITO)透明导电膜玻璃为基底,电化学恒电位法制备AuPd合金纳米粒子.系统考察了AuPd纳米粒子的组成和不同制备条件对其结构和电催化性能的影响.运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线能量散射谱(EDX)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学方法进行表征.结果表明,制备的AuPd合金中Au:Pd元素比与投料比基本一致,纳米粒子分散均匀;AuPd合金纳米粒子对乙醇电氧化的催化活性和稳定性显著高于纯Pd纳米粒子.当沉积电位-0.3 V、Pd:Au=3:1时,Au1Pd3纳米粒子对乙醇电氧化表现出最高的催化活性和稳定性:其对乙醇氧化峰值电流密度是相同条件下制备的Pd纳米粒子的7.7倍,稳定测试1800 s时乙醇氧化的电流密度(1.05 mA cm~(-2))是Pd纳米粒子(0.02 mA cm~(-2))的52.5倍.     

聚苯胺/Co_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)Fe_2O_4纳米复合材料的制备及电磁性能

采用高分子凝胶法制备尖晶石型Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4,原位聚合法制备纯聚苯胺和聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5-Fe2O4纳米复合材料.使用傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对复合材料进行了表征.FTIR和XRD的结果表明样品为纯聚苯胺和聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5-Fe2O4.UV-Vis光谱表明聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4苯环上的π-π*和n-π*分别红移了23nm和5nm.TEM照片可知,聚苯胺和聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粒子的平均粒径分别约为50nm和70nm.在8.2～12.4GHz测试频率范围内,聚苯胺/Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4的ε″数值在9.2～12.3之间,u″数值在0.15～0.16之间;聚苯胺/Co0.5-Zn0.5Fe2O4介电损耗低于纯聚苯胺,而磁损耗高于纯聚苯胺.     

激光法连续制备纳米FeNi合金及其乙醇溶胶研究

采用脉冲激光轰击浸于流动乙醇中转动的FeNi合金固体靶连续制备得到纳米FeNi乙醇溶胶及其纳米合金. 能谱扫描测得纳米FeNi合金粒子Fe与Ni元素重量比约为66︰34; TEM观察纳米FeNi粒子初始粒径约为1~5 nm, 并随放置时间延长聚集长大; XRD显示纳米FeNi合金基本为非晶态; 荧光光谱发现纳米FeNi合金溶胶在311.00 nm处有一强的激发峰以及在273.00和347.00 nm处的二个弱激发峰, 以311.00 nm作为激发波长得到位于418.00 nm处的一强荧光光谱峰; UV-vis表明纳米FeNi合金溶胶在230.00 nm左右有一个含有一组可分辨的9个细峰的强吸收峰和一个位于275.00 nm处的弱激子吸收峰; FT-IR发现纳米FeNi/乙醇溶胶中乙醇缔合态羟基的伸缩振动吸收峰(υ_O-H)明显蓝移, 并且证实获得的纳米FeNi合金粒子表面在制备过程中为乙醇裂解产生的碳氢有机基团所修饰.     

Ni-B非晶态合金电极上乙醇的电氧化及其动力学参数的测定

应用循环伏安法研究了碱性介质中Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极和化学镀Ni-B非晶态合金微盘电极上乙醇的电催化氧化. 结果表明, Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极和化学镀Ni-B非晶态合金微盘电极对碱性溶液中乙醇的氧化均具有很高的电催化作用, 且前者的电催化氧化活性高于后者. 运用稳态极化曲线测定了Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上乙醇的电催化氧化动力学参数. 与高择优取向(220)镍电极比较, 碱性介质中Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上乙醇的电催化氧化速率显著提高. 采用循环伏安法测定的Ni-B非晶态合金纳米粉末微电极上Ni(OH)2的质子扩散系数高出文献报道的镍纳米线电极和表面化学镀Co的球形Ni(OH)2粉末电极约2个数量级.     

聚(苯乙烯-马来酸酐)/Fe3O4纳米杂化材料的制备与表征

采用2,2,6,6-四甲基-1-哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)的溴盐对化学共沉淀法制备的Fe3O4纳米粒子进行表面修饰,以该粒子为过氧引发剂,苯乙烯(St)、马来酸酐(MA)为单体,采用"活性"/可控自由基聚合技术在粒子表面原位引发聚合,制备了聚(苯乙烯-马来酸酐)/Fe3O4纳米杂化材料,并对纳米Fe3O4及杂化材料进行了FT-IR、XRD、TGA、TEM和GPC表征。结果表明,所制备的纳米杂化材料的平均粒径约为70 nm,磁性粒子表面的聚合物分子链随着聚合时间的增长而增长。振动样品磁强计测试结果显示,在室温、外加磁场下,该纳米杂化材料呈现超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度随着包覆聚合物量的增加而降低。     

Characterization of magnetic nanoparticles using energy-selected transmission electron microscopy.

Fe, Co, and Ni magnetic nanoparticles have been characterized using energy-selected imaging in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The samples comprised Fe/FeO x and Co/CoO x nanoparticles synthesized by inert gas evaporation and a Ni/C nano-composite prepared by a sonochemical method. All of the particles examined were found to be between 5 and 30 nm in size, with the Fe and Co crystals coated in 5-10 nm of metal oxide layer and the Ni metallic crystallites embedded in an amorphous carbon spherical matrix.     

Second derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of cobalt, nickel and iron using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol

A simple, sensitive and rapid derivative spectrophotometric method using 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) has been developed for simultaneous determination of Co(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) which have very similar chemical behavior and appear together in many real samples. The complexes of all these metal ions with 5-Br-PADAP were formed immediately at pH 7.0 ammonium acetate buffered solution and were stable for at least 24 h. Second derivative spectra were selected for evaluation, because working wavelength determination was more precise and spectral overlap was less than in the ordinary and first derivative spectra. Three wavelengths at which the complexes exhibit extremum ²D values for Co(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) were selected as analytical wavelengths, i.e., 640, 600 and 740 nm, respectively. Calibration curves drawn with zero-to-peak values at mentioned wavelengths were linear between 80 and 2000 ng ml⁻¹ for each metal ion. Concentrations of Co(II) and Ni(II) were calculated from the total ²D values and the sum of the linear equations for these three cations at 640 and 600 nm, after Fe(II) assay by making use of the ²D value at 740 nm. Limits of detection (LOD) for Co(II), Ni(II) and Fe(II) were 2.7, 13.9 and 3.0 ng ml⁻¹, respectively. The method has been applied to tool steel and heater resistance wire samples successfully.     

Atomic absorption determination of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni in viscous aqueous solutions of poly(ethyleneimine) using a high-pressure flow and nebulization system for sample introduction

Summary The influence of increasing concentration of water-soluble polymers on the analytical signals for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni in flame atomic absorption spectrometry with hydraulic high-pressure nebulization (HHPN) and pneumatic nebulization (self uptake mode) has been studied using aqueous solutions of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) as examples. For a solution of 50 g/l polymer, HHPN sample introduction leads to a 5.0 (Cd), 8.8 (Co), 17 (Cu), 7.1 (Fe) and 22 (Ni) fold higher sensitivity compared to pneumatic nebulization. Even at polymer concentrations of more than 100 g/l HHPN operation is still possible without any problems, whilst such viscous solutions cannot be transferred into an aerosol by a pneumatic nebulizer.     

溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备高分散载型催化剂 II. Fe,Co,Ni催化剂的分散度和催化性能研究

本文利用一种新的方法-溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备了Fe/γ-Al_2O_3, Fe/SiO_2, Co/γ-Al_2O_3,Co/SiO_2, Ni/γ-Al_2O_3和Ni/SiO_2六种催化剂。H_2化学吸附, TEM和XRD测定结果表明这些催化剂中Fe, Co, Ni金属颗粒平均直径都小于3.0 nm, 金属分散度均大于50%。作者研究了Fe/γ-Al_2O_3, Co/γ-Al_2O_3和Ni/γ-Al_2O_3三种催化剂在CO+H_2反应中的催化行为, 测定了碳氢产物分布和比催化活性, 表明随着H_2/CO比增大和反应温度升高。较高分子量物种产量减少, 有利于生成甲烷。催化剂的活性大小次序为Fe>Ni>Co。     

Sc6MTe2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni): members of the flexible Zr6CoAl2-type family of compounds

The compounds Sc6MTe2 (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) have been prepared by high-temperature solid-state techniques and their structures determined to be hexagonal P62m (No. 189), Z = 1, a = 7.662(1) A, 7.6795(2) A, 7.6977(4) A, 7.7235(4) A and c = 3.9041(9) A, 3.8368(2) A, 3.7855(3) A, 3.7656(3) A for M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, respectively. Crystal structures were refined for M = Fe and Ni, while M = Mn and Co were assigned as isostructural on the basis of powder diffraction data. The Sc6MTe2 compounds belong to a large family with the Zr6CoAl2-type structure, an ordered variant of the Fe2P structure. The structure contains confacial tricapped trigonal prisms of scandium centered alternately by the late transition metal or tellurium atoms. The Sc6MTe2 compounds are the electron-poorest examples of this structure type. Extended Hückel band calculations for M = Fe and Ni show that both compounds exhibit largely 1D metal-metal bonding and are predicted to be metallic.     

Reversed-phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic determination of Co(III)-, Ni(II)-, V(V)- and Fe(III)-2-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-5-(3-sulforpropyl)aminophenol chelates

The separation and determination of Co(III), Ni(II), V(V) and Fe(III) chelates with 2-(2-benzothiazolylazo)-5-(3-sulfopropyl)aminophenol (BTASPAP) by reversed-phase ion-pair HPLC was investigated. In the presence of the oxidant potassium iodate, BTASPAP reacts with Co(III), Ni(II), V(V) and Fe(III) to form stable, negatively charged, water-soluble chelates. The chelates were separated on a C(18) siloxane bonded phase and eluted within 7 min with acetonitrile-acetate-water (36:1:63 v/v) containing 0.2 mol 1(-1) acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) and 1.0 mmol 1(-1) tetrabutylammonium bromide. The detection limits of Co(III), Ni(II), V(V) and Fe(III) at 565 nm are 0.3, 0.8, 0.3 and 1.0 ng (signal-to-noise ratio = 2), respectively. The method was applied to the determination of Co, Ni, V and Fe in four samples of standard alloys.     

铁、钴、镍/磷二元团簇离子的形成与光解

利用激光直接溅射法产生了铁、钴、镍／磷二元团簇正负离子,并用串级飞行时间质谱仪研究了团族离子的组份和激光光解规律,质谱研究表明,铁、钴、镍易与磷结合成簇,而且样品中磷含量的增加有助于大尺寸团簇离子的生成,当形成的团族簇离子中含金属原子数目较少时,磷原子数目可在较大范围内变动,其中ＭＰ２＾＋、ＭＰ４＾＋、Ｍ２Ｐ４＾＋（Ｍ＝Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ,ｎ＝２、３、４）团簇离子均具有较高的丰度;随着金属原子数目的     

Packing motifs and magneto-structural correlations in crystal structures of metallo-tetrakis(1,2,5-thiadiazole)porphyrazine series, MTTDPz (M=H2, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)

Single crystals of tetrakis(thiadiazole)porphyrazine and the corresponding metal(II) derivatives, MTTDPz (M=H2, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) were grown by sublimation under reduced pressure with continuous N2 gas flow. Their structures, obtained by X-ray crystallographic analysis, depend significantly on the central metal ion, and the M=Ni and Cu derivatives exhibit polymorphism. They can be classified into three forms, alpha, beta, and gamma. The alpha form (M=H2, Ni, and Cu) is composed of two-dimensional hexagonal close packing formed by side-by-side contacts between thiadiazole rings, whereas the beta form (M=Fe, Co, and Zn) crystallizes into a one-dimensional coordination polymer. The gamma form (M=Ni and Cu) consists of a ladder structure caused by pi stacking, similar to the beta form of phthalocyanine, and by side-by-side contacts between thiadiazole rings. Although the crystal structures of the MTTDPz series exhibited multi-dimensional network structures, magnetic measurements revealed relatively weak exchange interactions, probably reflecting the long distances between the metal ions.     

Synthesis, structure and DFT study of dinuclear iron, cobalt and nickel complexes with cyclopentadienyl-metal moieties

Reactions of 1,1'-bis(dipheny1phosphino)cobaltocene with Co(PMe(3))(4), Ni(PMe(3))(4), Fe(PMe(3))(4), Ni(COD)(2), FeMe(2)(PMe(3))(4) or NiMe(2)(PMe(3))(3) afford a series of novel dinuclear complexes [((Me(3)P)[lower bond 1 start]Co(η(5)-C(5)H(4)[upper bond 1 start]PPh(2)))((Me(3)P)M[upper bond 1 end](η(5)-C(5)H(4)P[lower bond 1 end]Ph(2)))] (M = Co(1), Ni(2) and Fe(3)) [Co(η(5)-C(5)H(4)[upper bond 1 start]PPh(2))(2)Ni[upper bond 1 end](COD)](4), [Co(η(5)-C(5)H(4)[upper bond 1 start]PPh(2))(2)Ni[upper bond 1 end](PMe(3))(2)] (5) and [((Me(3)P)[lower bond 1 start]Co(Me)(η(5)-C(5)H(4)[upper bond 1 start]PPh(2)))((Me(3)P)Fe[upper bond 1 end](Me)(η(5)-C(5)H(4)P[lower bond 1 end]Ph(2)))] (6). Reactions of 1,1'-bis(dipheny1phosphino)ferrocene with Ni(PMe(3))(4), NiMe(2)(PMe(3))(3), or Co(PMe(3))(4) gives rise to complexes [Fe(η(5)-C(5)H(4)[upper bond 1 start]PPh(2))(2)M[upper bond 1 end](PMe(3))(2)] (M = Ni (7), Co (8)). The complexes 1-8 were spectroscopically investigated and studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The possible reaction mechanisms and structural characteristics are discussed. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations strongly support the deductions.     

4.8 nm Concave {M_(72)}(M=Co,Ni,Fe) metal-organic polyhedra capped by 18 calixarenes

Three 4.8 nm isostructural{M₇₂}(M=Co^Ⅱ for CIAC-128,Ni^Ⅱ for CIAC-129,Fe^Ⅱ for CIAC-130) metal-organic polyhedra(MOPs) are constructed by eighteen M₄-p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene (M₄-TC4A) units bridged via sixteen four-connected 5,5′-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diyl) diisophthalic acid (H₄TADIPA) linkers.These MOPs are featured with a rarely reported concave coordination cage,which can be simplified as a squeezed double-decker hexagonal prism pressed from the top and bottom hexagonal faces.Furthermore,CIAC-128,CIAC-129 and CIAC-130 are the highest nuclearity discrete clusters of Co,Ni and Fe reported so far.CIAC-128 has higher separation selectivity of C₃H₈ than CH₄ under ambient conditions,and also exhibits separation selectivity for C₂H₆/CH₄,C₂H₂/CH₄,and C₂H₄/CH₄.In addition,CIAC-128 can provide the cavity for the confined synthesis of noble metal nanoclusters such as Pd nanoclusters and the resulting Pd@CIAC-128 hybrids show higher electrocatalytic activity than commercial Pt/C towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).