Theoretical Investigation of Muon and Muonium Trapping and Hyperfine Interactions in the Chemical Ferromagnet p-NPNN (β-phase)

The trapping sites for muon and muonium in β-phase ferromagnetic p-NPNN have been determined by the first-principles Unrestricted Hartree–Fock procedure. Four trapping sites are found for the muon near the two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms of the two NO groups. For the singlet state of trapped muonium, two trapping sites are found near the two oxygens of two NO groups and for the triplet state two trapping sites are found near the two oxygens of the NO₂ group. The observed μSR signal at zero field with frequency 2.1 MHz is assigned to the singlet muonium sites near the two oxygens of the two NO groups and the high frequency signal ascribed to an isotropic hyperfine constant of 400 MHz is assigned to the two trapped muon sites near the two nitrogen atoms of the two NO groups. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Interaction of two bubbles with distortion in an acoustic field

Expression of the secondary Bjerknes force of two bubbles is obtained by considering the distrotion of two bubbles. The secondary Bjerknes forces in different acoustic fields are simulated, and the influence factors are analyzed and discussed. It is shown that the distortion of a bubble has an important influence on the interaction of two bubbles. The strength and even the directions of the secondary Bjerknes force of two bubbles with distortion differ considerably from the predictions of the sherical symmetry theory. The results show that when two bubbles oscillated stably in an acoustic field, the secondary Bjerknes force of two bubbles with distortion is several times more than that of two spherical bubbles in the same condition. The secondary Bjerknes force of two bubble with distortion has more interaction distance than that of two spherical bubbles. The secondary Bjerknes force of two bubbles with distortion depends on the distance of two bubbles, the shape mode of two bubbles, the equilibrium radii of two bubbles and the driving acoustic filed. The nonspherical distortion effects of the secondary Bjerknes has an importance on understanding the structure formation of bubbles and evolution process of bubble group in an acoustic field.     

Fault tolerant three-party quantum secret sharing against collective noise

We present two robust three-party quantum secret sharing protocols against two kinds of collective noise. Each logical qubit is made up of two physical qubits and is invariant under a collective noise. The two agents encode their message on each logical qubit with two unitary physical operations on two physical qubits. As each logical qubit received by each agent can carry two bits of information and the classical information exchanged is reduced largely, these protocols have a high intrinsic efficiency. Moreover, the boss Alice can read out her agents' information with two Bell-state measurements on each four-qubit system, not four-photon joint measurements.     

Composite-component duality and baryonic number in subcomponent models for quarks and leptons

Composite-component duality appears to be the characteristic feature to assure approximate proton stability within a vast class of subcomponent models for quarks and leptons. We discuss six models which allow for the observed quark-lepton spectrum: two models have two color triplets and two singlets as subcomponents, bound by a subcolor SU(7) or SU(9); two models have a color triplet, an antitriplet and two singlets, and again subcolor SU(7) or SU(9); two models have two triplets, two antitriplets and four singlets, and subcolor O(15) or O(17).     

Multiple Image Method for the Two Conductor Spheres in a Uniform Electrostatic Field

A method using multiple mirror images of point charges is put forward to analyze the polarization of two identical conductor spheres in a uniform electrostatic field. By use of the method, the electric field distribution and the interaction force between two spheres can be calculated accurately even for very small gap between two spheres. Our results show that the magnitude of the product of the gap between two spheres and the local electric field in the center of the gap is approximately in the same order and the interaction between two spheres increases very fast as the two spheres are close to each other. We also show that the interaction force between two conductor spheres is almost same with that between two dielectric spheres with high permittivity.     

The entanglement dynamics of two coupled qubits in different environment

In this Letter, the entanglement dynamics of two interacting qubits in a common bath and in two independent baths, at finite and zero temperature are investigated. Entanglement sudden death (ESD) and entanglement sudden birth (ESB) are observed when the two qubits are embedded in two independent baths at finite temperature. At zero temperature, the entanglement of the two qubits may evolve to a steady state with non-zero value when the two qubits are embedded in a common bath, the entanglement sudden birth does not occur when the qubits are embedded in two independent baths.     

Photonic crystal beam splitters

In this work, the beam splitter with two input ports and two output ports in two-dimensional photonic crystals is studied through the finite-difference time-domain method. The beam splitter consists of two orthogonally cross line defects. The diameter of the two diagonal air holes at the intersection of the two line defects was modified. The input light can be identically divided into the two output ports. The beam splitters can be applied in the photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometers or photonic crystal optical switches.     

[(μ-CF3CO2)2Ln (μ-CF3HCO2) Al (i-Bu)2·2THF]2(Ln=Nd,Y)配合物的NMR和X-射线衍射研究

对[μ-CF₃CO₂)₂Ln(μ-CF₃HCO₂)Al(i-Bu)₂·THF]₂(Ln=Nd,Y)配合物单晶结构的X-射线分析指出,配合物具有中心对称性,配位中心由两个稀土和两个Al离子组成,稀土由两个THF和6个TFA分子配位形成畸变的三盖三棱柱结构,Al由两个TFAG和两个i-Bu配位形成四面体结构。桥连Al与两个稀土的TFA分子的羧基发生歧化加氢,其碳原子由SP²型转变为SP³型.NMR研究表明,在THF溶液中,该配合物保持了它在单晶中的配位结构,所不同的是两个i-Bu在溶液中有两种异构形成,二者间为慢交换过程。     

Novel uncertainty relations associated with fractional Fourier transform

In this paper the relations between two spreads, between two group delays, and between one spread and one group delay in fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) domains, are presented and three theorems on the uncertainty principle in FRFT domains are also developed. Theorem 1 gives the bounds of two spreads in two FRFT domains. Theorem 2 shows the uncertainty relation between two group delays in two FRFT domains. Theorem 3 presents the crossed uncertainty relation between one group delay and one spread in two FRFT domains. The novelty of their results lies in connecting the products of different physical measures and giving their physical interpretations. The existing uncertainty principle in the FRFT domain is only a special case of theorem 1, and the conventional uncertainty principle in time-frequency domains is a special case of their results. Therefore, three theorems develop the relations of two spreads in time-frequency domains into the relations between two spreads, between two group delays, and between one spread and one group delay in FRFT domains.     

Experimental simulation of two-particle quantum entanglement using classical fields

We experimentally demonstrate simulation of two entangled quantum bits using classical fields of two frequencies and two polarizations. Multiplication of optical heterodyne beat signals from two spatially separated regions simulates coincidence detection of two particles. The product signal so obtained contains several frequency components, one of which can be selected by bandpass frequency filtering. The bandpassed signal contains two indistinguishable, interfering contributions, permitting simulation of four polarization-entangled Bell-like states. These classical field methods may be useful in small scale simulations of quantum logic operations that require multiparticle entanglement without collapse.     

Double-image encryption based on iterative gyrator transform

A novel double-image encryption algorithm is proposed, which can simultaneously encrypt two images into a single one as the amplitude of gyrator transform with two different groups of angles. The two original images can be retrieved independently by gyrator transforms with two different groups of angles, one common phase mask, and two different private phase masks. The proposed approach can enlarge the key space, achieve faster convergence in iterative process, and avoid cross-talk between two images in reconstruction. Numerical simulations are presented to verify its validity and efficiency.     

第二红边带激发时强度涨落对两囚禁离子纠缠度的影响

利用双光子T-C模型研究了两囚禁离子与第二红边带经典激光场相互作用时的纠缠动力学。采用共生纠缠度标准,分析了两离子初态情况,激光强度涨落等主要因素对两离子纠缠动力学的影响,并与单光子J-C模型时情形作了适当对比。结果显示：1) 激光强度涨落产生的噪声使两离子纠缠度随时间呈现类似指数衰减;2) 两离子初态为混合态时,两离子纠缠度出现整体急剧下降;3) 双光子和单光子激发时两离子纠缠度随时间的演化存在显著差别。     

Concave grating miniature spectrometer with an expanded spectral band by using two entrance slits

A new miniature spectrometer with two entrance slits is proposed to expand the spectral band. The proposed spectrometer is designed such that the two entrance slits share the same concave grating and detector array. The two slits are located at different positions such that the spectral range of the same light source incident on the detector array varies greatly between the two slits. Only one of the two slits is illuminated at a given time; as such, the two spectral ranges are sequentially measured. Theoretical calculation and experimentation are conducted to verify the proposed design.     

On the correlation of nonlinear variables containing secular trend variations： numerical experiments

Due to global warming, the general circulation, underlying surfaces characteristics, and geophysical and meteorological elements all show evident secular trends. This paper points out that when calculating the correlation of two variables containing their own obvious secular trends, the interannual correlation characteristics between the two variables may be distorted (overestimated or underestimated). Numerical experiments in this paper show that if two variables have opposite secular trends, the correlation coefficient between the two variables is reduced (the positive correlation is underestimated, or the negative correlation is overestimated); and if the two variables have the same sign of secular trends, the correlation coefficient between the two variables is increased (the positive correlation is overestimated, or the negative correlation is underestimated). Numerical experiments also suggest that the effect of secular trends on the interannual correlation of the two variables is interchangeable, that is to say, as long as the values of the two trends are not changed, the two variables interchange their positions, and the effect of the secular trends on the interannual correlation coefficient of the two variables remains the same. If the two variables have the same-(opposite-) sign trends, the effect of secular trends on the interannual correlation coefficient is more (less) distinctive. A meteorological example is given.     

浅调制下双二波混频：II.耦合理论

通过耦合波方程的方法，考虑光折变晶体中存在基频光栅和最低阶的高频和组合光栅，本文给出了各种情形下的耦合波方程及其解，结果表明一对相干光束的耦合可以被另一束相干的总光强，相位和调制度等控制，理论上，利用这种效应，可以实现相位－振幅转换及振幅－振幅调制。     

Quantum Entanglement Dynamics of Two Atoms in Two Coupled Cavities

Quantum entanglement dynamics for two atoms trapped in two coupled cavities is investigated.Numerical results show that the present of the two atomic excitations is mainly accounted for the entanglement-sudden-death(ESD) effect with the two cavities initially in the vacuum.The entanglement can also be controlled by the hopping rate and the imbalances between the two atom-cavity coupling rates.     

二非正交纯态相混合的concurrence

导出了两量子比特中二非正交纯态相混合的concurrence 的明显表达式, 并作了验证. 推算表明，正交情形下的concurrence公式可以直接推广到非正交的情形. 讨论了两纯态相混合的最大纠缠混合态和一些重要特殊情形. 关键词： 量子纠缠 纯态 混合态 concurrence     

A golden point rule in rock–paper–scissors–lizard–spock game

We study a novel five-species system on two-dimensional lattices when each species have two superior and two inferior partners. Here we simplify the huge parameter space of predation probability to only two parameters. Both of Monte Carlo simulation and Mean Field Theory reveal that two of strategies may die out when the ratio of the two parameters is close to the golden point 0.618, and the remaining three strategies are provided a cyclic dominance system.     

小角x射线散射法研究甲基改性氧化硅凝胶的双分形结构

以正硅酸乙酯［Si(OC2H5)4,TEOS］和甲基三乙氧基硅烷［CH3Si(OC2H5)3,MTES］为前驱体，通过共水解法和两步法制备出两种不同的甲基改性氧化硅凝胶，在北京同步辐射光源(BSRF)小角x射线散射(SAXS)站测量了凝胶的散射强度，计算了凝胶的平均粒径、两相间比表面积等参数，在此基础上分析了凝胶的分形特征，发现存在两个尺度上的分形结构，分别对应于从SiO2原生颗粒到一次团聚体和从一次团聚体到簇团两种尺度.辅以透射电子显微镜(TEM)观测，证实由两种方法获得的凝胶具有非常不同的微观结构.实验证明，利用SAXS技术研究甲基改性凝胶的分形特征是获得凝胶微观结构的有力工具. 关键词： 甲基改性凝胶 氧化硅 小角x射线散射(SAXS) 分形结构     

Identifying a dot-matrix hologram by checking the intersecting angles of its gratings

Three features about the intersecting state of two gratings are used to identify dot-matrix holograms created by two-beam writers in this paper. The first feature is the intersection angle of the fringes of two gratings. The second feature is the ratio of the pitches of two lowest-order moiré-patterns formed by overlapping two gratings. The third feature is the length ratio of the two diagonal lines of a parallelogram constructed by two neighboring fringes of a first grating and two neighboring fringes of a second grating. All the three features are equivalent, i.e. they are all relative to the intersection angle of two gratings. Because the grating orientations of grating dots cannot be accurately reproduced for the orientation uncertainties of the components used by a two-beam writer, the intersection angles of the gratings of grating dots cannot be easily counterfeited. Therefore, the proposed methods are practical and feasible for the anti-counterfeiting applications of dot-matrix holograms.