爆炸载荷下中空夹层玻璃的动力响应影响因素

利用LS-DYNA有限元软件,基于多物质ALE算法,模拟中空夹层玻璃在爆炸载荷下的动力学响应,通过变化PVB夹层属性和中空气体层厚度分析了其改变对玻璃板板心最大挠度的影响。结果表明:(1)随气体层厚度的增加,中空钢化夹层玻璃上层玻璃板挠度减小而下层玻璃板挠度增加; (2)一定气体层厚度下,随夹层杨氏模量的增加,上、下玻璃板的挠度减小。     

建筑玻璃的爆炸动力响应及防爆距离

玻璃作为一种透明或半透明材料,广泛应用于现代建筑工程中,但其在爆炸冲击荷载作用下易于破碎,产生飞片伤人。文章应用弹性薄板振动理论,研究框支承玻璃在爆炸冲击荷载下的动力响应,得到玻璃的最大挠度与最大应力计算公式。基于爆炸冲击波传播特性和玻璃强度理论,提出了建筑玻璃爆炸冲击破坏准则,对不同类型和厚度的框支承玻璃在爆炸冲击波...     

Elasto-plastic buckling analysis of laminated plates including interfacial damage

Elasto-plastic buckling of orthotropic laminated plates, which include interfacial damage, is analyzed in detail. Firstly, a novel mixed hardening yield criterion, as an improvement of Hill’s counterpart, is proposed for the orthotropic materials on the basis of the plastic theory. And differing from Hill’s theory, the present yield criterion is related to the spherical tensor of stress. Then, the incremental elasto-plastic constitutive relations of the mixed hardening orthotropic materials are presented. Secondly, the incremental static equilibrium equations for laminated plates including interfacial damage are established based on Von-Karman type theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. Finally, the elasto-plastic buckling of laminated plates are solved by adopting the Galerkin method and iteration scheme. The numerical results show that buckling of the plate occurs easier due to the existence of interfacial damage, and the critical load trends to constant when the interfacial damage approaches a certain degree. Also, the effect of anisotropy on buckling is obvious and the analysis of elasto-plastic buckling is necessary.     

双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板的非线性弯曲

双模量材料是典型的拉压弹性模量不同的材料,在均匀外载荷作用下,双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板相当于三种不同材料组成的层合板。采用弹性理论建立了双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板在均布载荷作用下的静力平衡方程,利用该静力平衡方程确定了层合板的中性面位置。在此基础上建立了双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板的大挠度弯曲微分方程组,求得了层合板中心挠度与均布载荷的关系式。该方法计算结果与有限元计算结果的最大误差仅为3.8%,这说明该方法是可靠的。算例分析表明不考虑面板拉压弹性模量相异时其计算结果与实际情况相差较大,超过了工程上所允许的计算误差5%。所以,在计算双模量面板泡沫铝芯圆形层合板的非线性弯曲时,不宜采用相同弹性模量弹性理论,而应该采用拉压弹性模量不同的弹性理论。     

On the blast resistance of laminated glass

Blast resistant glazing systems typically use laminated glass to reduce the risk of flying glass debris in the event of an explosion. Laminated glass has one or more bonded polymer interlayers to retain glass fragments upon fracture. With good design, the flexibility of the interlayer and the adhesion between layers enable laminated glass to continue to resist blast after the glass layers fracture. This gives protection from significantly higher blast loads when compared to a monolithic pane. Full-scale open-air blast tests were performed on laminated glass containing a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer. Test windows of size 1.5 m × 1.2 m were secured to robust frames using structural silicone sealant. Blast loads were produced using charge masses of 15 kg and 30 kg (TNT equivalent) at distances of 10–16 m. Deflection and shape measurements of deforming laminated glass were obtained using high-speed digital image correlation. Measurements of loading at the joint, between the laminated glass and the frame, were obtained using strain gauges. The main failure mechanisms observed were the cohesive failure of the bonded silicone joint and delamination between the glass and interlayer at the pane edge. A new finite element model of laminated glass is developed and calibrated using laboratory based tests. Predictions from this model are compared against the experimental results.     

低速冲击激励下嵌入黏弹性阻尼芯层的纤维金属混杂层合板动态响应预测模型

本文首次从解析角度建立了低速冲击激励下嵌入黏弹性阻尼芯层的纤维金属混杂层合板动态响应预测模型. 首先,结合经典层合板理论和冯$\cdot$卡门假设,建立了嵌入黏弹性芯层的纤维金属混杂层合板弹性损伤本构关系. 然后,将层合板受冲击时的变形分成接触和拉伸两个区域,在接触区域内,对金属层采用 Von Mises 失效准则,纤维层采用 Tsai-Hill 失效准则和对黏弹性层采用指数 Drucker-Prager 失效准则判断层合板损伤情况. 考虑不同材料层对冲击动态响应的贡献来修正两个变形区域的位移公式,进而计算结构因弹性变形产生的应变能,以及接触区域因塑性变形消耗的能量,实现每次失效事件发生后各层材料的能量、位移和冲击接触力的理论求解,并给出了结构动态响应分析的具体流程图. 最后,以嵌入 Zn33 黏弹性芯层的 TA2 钛合金混杂 T300 碳纤维/树脂层合板为研究对象,开展落锤冲击实验. 验证结果表明,理论预测与测试获得的冲击接触力、位移响应以及冲击载荷-位移曲线吻合较好,且关注的峰值点计算误差最大不超过 9%,进而验证了所提出的理论模型的有效性.      

冲击波和高速破片联合作用下夹芯复合舱壁结构的毁伤特性

为探讨导弹战斗部近炸下舰船夹芯复合舱壁结构设计方法,采用TNT和预制破片近炸实验研究了典型夹芯复合舱壁结构在冲击波与高速破片联合作用下的破坏效应,分析了冲击波和破片联合毁伤载荷,指出了钢质面板和抗弹层的破坏模式,阐述了夹芯复合舱壁结构的防护机理。结果表明:预制破片装药近炸下,破片能远大于冲击波能,是防护结构的主要设计载荷;前面板主要是抵御冲击波,其变形破坏整体为挠曲大变形,局部为集团破片冲塞破口、破片穿孔和撞击凹坑;背板以挠曲大变形吸能为主;陶瓷材料碎裂严重,部分陶瓷碎片反向飞溅撞击前面板;纤维增强复合材料发生了纤维断裂、基体开裂、整体弯曲大变形及分层等破坏,抗弹层应避免产生穿透性破坏。     

冲击波作用下单层钢化玻璃应变阈值的数值模拟

借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序,采用Lagrange方法描述钢化玻璃,引入侵蚀算法来模拟钢化玻璃的破坏,对爆炸冲击波载荷进行合理的简化,选取最大伸长线应变理论作为单层钢化玻璃破坏准则。利用建立的模型对爆炸冲击波对单层钢化玻璃的作用过程进行了数值模拟。通过反复调试和大量计算得到单层钢化玻璃破坏的应变阈值为0.002 2,并用场地实验结果对数值结果进行了验证,证明此结果是合理的。     

基于仿真与量纲分析的不同药量TNT内爆下多舱室结构毁伤规律研究

利用流固耦合算法,模拟了不同药量TNT内爆下大尺寸多舱室结构的毁伤效应。将各舱室划分为爆炸舱、共面邻舱、共边界邻舱和共点邻舱,再划分内爆下多舱室结构的毁伤等级。通过量纲分析,研究了内爆载荷下舱壁的变形失效规律,推导了内爆下多舱室结构的无量纲毁伤数,该毁伤数考虑了内爆载荷、材料性能和作用空间等因素,最后给出快速毁伤预测方法。研究结果表明:（1）内爆下多舱室结构的毁伤特点主要表现为舱壁挠曲变形、舱壁中心冲切失效、舱壁边界撕裂;（2）舱壁挠曲变形的挠厚比δ/H和固定边界撕裂的裂缝长厚比l/H均与药量-单舱室容积比m/V有明显线性关系;（3）提出的无量纲毁伤数和快速预测方法能够反映内爆下多舱室结构的毁伤情况,可为舰船毁伤研究提供参考。     

Nonlinear dynamic response and fatigue damage evolution for piezoelectric laminated plates with matrix cracks

Based on the Talreja’s damage model with tensor valued internal state variables, considering the effects of piezoelectricity, geometrical nonlinearity and the constitutive relations of the composite uni-ply plate with matrix cracks, the nonlinear dynamic equations of piezoelectric laminated plates with damage are established and the problems are solved by using the finite difference method. In numerical calculating examples, the nonlinear dynamics responses and the fatigue damage evolution curves of the plates are obtained, and the effects of piezoelectric materials, damage and external load on the nonlinear dynamic response and fatigue damage evolution of the plates are discussed.     

An extension of the J-integral to piezoelectric materials

This paper provides an analysis of the crack propagation criterion for a thin piezoelectric plate with a symmetry of order six. On the basis of Gol’denveizer’s asymptotic integration method or Destuynder’s unidirectional zoom technique, we obtain an extension of the purely mechanical J-integral to piezoelectric materials, with a dependence of the gradient of energy of the plate only on zeroth order terms of asymptotic expansions.     

A DYNAMIC RESPONSE PREDICTION MODEL OF FIBER-METAL HYBRID LAMINATED PLATES EMBEDDED WITH VISCOELASTIC DAMPING CORE UNDER LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT EXCITATION 1)

本文首次从解析角度建立了低速冲击激励下嵌入黏弹性阻尼芯层的纤维金属混杂层合板动态响应预测模型. 首先,结合经典层合板理论和冯$\cdot$卡门假设,建立了嵌入黏弹性芯层的纤维金属混杂层合板弹性损伤本构关系. 然后,将层合板受冲击时的变形分成接触和拉伸两个区域,在接触区域内,对金属层采用 Von Mises 失效准则,纤维层采用 Tsai-Hill 失效准则和对黏弹性层采用指数 Drucker-Prager 失效准则判断层合板损伤情况. 考虑不同材料层对冲击动态响应的贡献来修正两个变形区域的位移公式,进而计算结构因弹性变形产生的应变能,以及接触区域因塑性变形消耗的能量,实现每次失效事件发生后各层材料的能量、位移和冲击接触力的理论求解,并给出了结构动态响应分析的具体流程图. 最后,以嵌入 Zn33 黏弹性芯层的 TA2 钛合金混杂 T300 碳纤维/树脂层合板为研究对象,开展落锤冲击实验. 验证结果表明,理论预测与测试获得的冲击接触力、位移响应以及冲击载荷-位移曲线吻合较好,且关注的峰值点计算误差最大不超过 9%,进而验证了所提出的理论模型的有效性.     

爆炸载荷作用下加筋板的失效模式分析及结构优化设计

通过对爆炸载荷下具有1根加强筋的固支矩形加筋板的有限元模拟，探讨了抗爆加筋板结构优化设计方法，分析了加筋板的失效模式以及加强筋相对刚度和冲击载荷强度对加筋板失效模式的影响，指出了失效模式Ⅰ下的3种变形模态以及失效模式Ⅱ下的2种子失效模式，得到了失效模式Ⅰ下加强筋和加筋板最大挠度的近似计算公式，提出了单根加筋板的两种失效模式的判别条件，并对具有1根加强筋的固支矩形加筋板抗爆结构进行了优化设计。结果表明，通过数值模拟或模型实验可以求得任意加筋板结构由发生塑性大变形到发生破损的临界条件，从而确定抗爆性能最强时加筋板的质量与加强筋横截面尺寸及间距间的关系，实现对抗爆加筋板结构的优化设计。     

冰载荷下不锈钢复合板挠度特性分析

以复合板中面的挠度响应作为不锈钢复合板抗冲击性能的评价指标,基于能量法和经典层合板理论,考虑层间结构参数设计,通过横向载荷下的弯曲平衡微分方程,建立冰载荷下不锈钢复合板挠度响应简化解析模型。该分析模型将整个动态响应分析过程分为冰载荷计算分析和动力学方程求解两个阶段。分析了冰载荷模型的面倾角、冲击速度和碰撞位置对冰载荷的影响,确定极端工况参数,汇总接触面的节点力数据;分析了层厚比对挠度响应的影响规律;基于LS-DYNA有限元仿真以及数值算例分析,对比挠度响应仿真结果和解析计算值,验证了本文简化解析模型的准确性,研究结果对不锈钢复合板抗冲击性能分析和评估具有一定的参考价值。     

A pseudo-elastic material damage model,part I: Strain energy density criterion

A failure criterion is presented which relates the strain energy density of the material to both yielding and fracture. Cumulative material damage throughout a structural component may be monitored and the relative influence of yielding and stable crack growth assessed. The criterion is demonstrated, using finite element analysis, for center cracked panel specimens differing by material toughness values. From crack growth increment predictions using the uniaxial stress-strain behavior of the material, the criterion predicts the critical value of the strain energy density factor S_c governing crack instability.     

A pseudo-elastic material damage model, part II: Application to the scaling of specimen size, material behavior and loading rate

A failure criterion is presented which relates the strain energy density of the material to both yielding and fracture. Cumulative material damage throughout a structural component may be monitored and the relative influence of yielding and stable crack growth assessed. The criterion is demonstrated, using finite element analysis, for center cracked panel specimens differing by material toughness values. From crack growth increment predictions using the uniaxial stress-strain behavior of the material, the criterion predicts the critical value of the strain energy density factor S_c governing crack instability.     

考虑面内破坏过程的含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板的动力响应

基于复合材料层合板一阶剪切理论，推导了复合材料层合板单元的刚度阵和质量阵列式；同时采用了Adams应交能法与Rayleigh阻尼模型相结合的方法，构造了相应的阻尼阵列式；为了防止在低阶模态中分层处出现的上、下子板不合理的嵌入现象，建立了含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力分析的分层分析模型和虚拟界面联接模型。在上述模型和理论基础上，采用了Tsai提出的刚度退化准则和动力响应分析的精细积分法，对含分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板结构进行了动力响应和破坏分析。通过算例，分别讨论了外载频率、分层位置，以及破坏过程的刚度退化对含损伤复合材料加筋层合板动力响应特征的影响，得到了一些具有理论和工程价值的结论。     

复合材料正交加筋板在横向载荷下挠度计算的半解析法

本文采用一种新的半解析法,即独特利用Heaviside函数建立与加筋板等效的变刚度模型来开展复合材料双向正交加筋板在横向载荷下的弯曲挠度分析．此模型可以准确地描述筋条在板面上的分布,以及由于筋条的存在而导致的板面刚度不均匀分布．使用Galerkin加权残值法求解该模型的控制方程,得到不同边界条件和载荷情况下的级数解．对于双向正交加筋板,将此半解析法的结果与传统均匀化方法和使用商业有限元软件ABAQUS建立的有限元模型所得到的弯曲挠度结果比较,验证了此方法的准确性和优越性．不同于传统均匀化方法,本双向正交加筋板的弯曲挠度半解析法可精确、有效地获取加筋间的局部弯曲挠度,可以促进复合材料结构的设计分析与优化的研究进展．     

泡沫铝子弹高速撞击下铝基复合泡沫夹层板的动态响应

应用一级轻气炮驱动泡沫铝弹丸高速撞击加载技术,对实心钢板以及前/后面板为Q235钢板、芯层分别为铝基复合泡沫和普通泡沫铝的夹层板结构,在脉冲载荷作用下的动态力学响应进行实验研究。结果表明:泡沫铝子弹高速撞击靶板可近似模拟爆炸载荷效果;铝基复合泡沫夹层板的变形分为芯层压缩和整体变形两个阶段;与其他靶板相比,铝基复合泡沫夹层板的抗冲击性能最优。基于实验研究,应用LS-DYNA非线性动力有限元软件,对泡沫铝夹层板的动态响应进行数值模拟。结果表明:泡沫铝子弹的长度和初始速度对子弹与夹层板之间的接触作用力影响显著,并且呈线性关系。泡沫芯层强度对等质量及等厚度夹层板的抗冲击性能均有显著影响,夹层板中心挠度对前、后面板的厚度匹配较为敏感,在临界范围内,若背板厚度大于面板厚度,可减小夹层板的最终挠度。夹层板面板宜采用刚度较低、延性好、拉伸破坏应变较大的金属材料。     

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A LAMINATED HYBRID COMPOSITE PLATE SUBJECTED TO TIME-DEPENDENT EXTERNAL PULSES

Nonlinear dynamic responses of a laminated hybrid composite plate subjected to time-dependent pulses are investigated. Dynamic equations of the plate are derived by the use of the virtual work principle. The geometric nonlinearity effects are taken into account with the von Kármán large deflection theory of thin plates. Approximate solutions for a clamped plate are assumed for the space domain. The single term approximation functions are selected by considering the nonlinear static deformation of plate obtained using the finite element method. The Galerkin Method is used to obtain the nonlinear differential equations in the time domain and a MATLAB software code is written to solve nonlinear coupled equations by using the Newmark Method. The results of approximate-numerical analysis are obtained and compared with the finite element results. Transient loading conditions considered include blast, sine, rectangular, and triangular pulses. A parametric study is conducted considering the effects of peak pressure, aspect ratio, fiber orientation and thicknesses.