T-matrix method for biaxial anisotropic particles

Using the T-matrix approach electromagnetic scattering by a biaxial anisotropic non-axisymmetric particle is studied. Electromagnetic fields inside the scatterer are expressed by a system of quasi-spherical vector wave functions which are derived by use of inverse Fourier transform. Using this expansion a solution of the light scattering problem in the framework of the null-field method with discrete sources is obtained.Numerical scattering results for ellipsoids and cubes are presented. For validation the calculation results obtained are compared with results from other light scattering programs such as DDSCAT and ADDA.     

修正反射系数的Kirchhoff近似方法计算高斯起伏冰面三维声散射

针对随机起伏冰面的声散射计算问题,利用修正反射系数的Kirchhoff近似方法计算了高斯起伏冰面的三维声散射。在计算模型中引入了冰面局部统计平均反射系数的概念,将二维高斯起伏冰面的散射分为相干散射和非相干散射,分别得到两类散射成分的散射系数公式,计算了高斯起伏冰面三维声散射的散射强度。分析了散射强度与随机起伏冰面的均方根高度、声波入射角度及频率的关系。通过实验室水池中高斯起伏冰面的散射强度测量实验,对理论模型的计算结果进行了验证。将实验结果分别与采用冰面局部统计平均反射系数的模型计算结果和文献中采用平整冰面镜反射系数的模型计算结果进行了对比,采用冰面局部统计平均反射系数的模型计算结果与实验测量值吻合较好。     

随机起伏冰面三维声散射的Kirchhoff近似数值计算模型

针对随机起伏冰面的声散射问题,建立了随机起伏冰面三维声散射的Kirchhoff近似数值计算模型。利用Delaunay三角剖分方法对随机起伏冰面进行三角面元剖分,然后采用Z-buffer算法进行面元的遮挡消隐,得到处于声波照射亮区的面元,最后采用Gordon面元积分的板块元方法计算得到随机起伏冰面的散射强度。数值计算模型中,将冰面认为是局部阻抗表面,直接代入起伏冰面局部反射系数进行散射声场的计算,避免了解析计算模型中对反射系数的近似处理。对比分析了数值和解析计算模型在小粗糙起伏冰面、大粗糙起伏冰面及不同声波入射角和不同声波频率时的散射强度。相比解析模型计算结果,数值模型计算结果与实测结果更吻合。     

Calculation of the two-body scattering T-matrix in configuration space

In order to carry out a solution of the three-body Faddeev integral equations in configuration space, the calculation of the two-body scattering T-matrices and related integrals are required as an input. The formulation of the three-body Faddeev solution, as well as the computational steps used for the calculation of the T-matrices are presented, and results for the latter are illustrated for the case of the scattering of two helium atoms.     

用Monte Carlo方法模拟闪锌矿相ZnS电子的输运特性

用Monte Carlo方法模拟闪锌矿相(zinc blende)ZnS电子的输运特性.实验采用的是非抛物线模型计算电子的能带结构,模拟包含了声学声子散射,极性光学声子散射,压电散射,电离杂质散射,能谷间散射以及自散射等散射机理.通过模拟得到了ZnS材料的平均漂移速度、平均电子能量随电场强度变化的曲线图,以及总散射率随电子能量变化图,并将结果与文献报道的模拟结果[1]进行比较得出:本实验方法具有模型简单,计算速度快,获得结果比较准确的优点.     

Mie光散射理论的数值计算方法

Mie散射级数的计算速度和精度对颗粒测量结果有着重要的影响。针对不同颗粒直径和相对折射率，一般采用前向递推，后向递推，连分式法等计算Mie散射级数。在这3种方法的基础上提出一种改进算法，即首先通过连分式法计算Mie散射级数的初始值，然后后向递推其余各值。该算法在Matlab中实现时，数据以数组的数据类型存储和调用，程序采用递归算法。通过比较计算结果发现，该算法耗时短且结果不易溢出，具有快速、稳定、不受颗粒直径和折射率范围影响等优点。     

大气泡散射的几何物理模型数值计算

米氏模型和德拜级数展开模型在气泡尺寸达到μm量级时不能很好地解释海水中大尺寸空泡的后向散射现象，计算速度较慢且容易溢出。提出使用几何物理光学模型解释大尺寸空泡的后向散射现象，给出了一种基于几何物理光学模型的球形大气泡散射特性的数值计算方法，并与德拜级数展开式进行了比较，计算结果基本吻合。该方法在计算大尺寸空泡的后向散射时不受微粒尺寸参数和折射率的限制，且避免了复杂的级数形式，与基于米散射理论或德拜级数展开的算法相比，具有更快的运算速度。最后给出了一些计算实例。     

微小颗粒的光散射数值模拟

简单介绍了以经典Mie理论为基础的光散射测量技术在颗粒直径和颗粒浓度测量中广泛的应用。分别以Mie理论和离散偶极子近似理论(DDA)为基础, 用数值计算方法分析了球型颗粒的光散射特性，给出了微小颗粒对平行入射光散射的强度函数和散射偏振度的数值计算方法。得到了强度函数和偏振度随相关物理参量变化的三维图，为微小颗粒散射研究提供了一种三维视图。计算结果表明：当尺度参量x＜4时，2种方法所得结果差异不大；随尺度参量增大，2种方法所得结果出现较大差异。与经典Mie理论相比，由于离散偶极子近似理论可以解决各种形状的颗粒散射问题，其应用前景更广泛。     

Multiple scatter of vector electromagnetic waves from rough metal surfaces with infinite slopes using the Kirchhoff approximation

This paper presents calculations of a new formulation of the three‐dimensional Kirchhoff approximation which allows calculation of the scattering of vector waves from two-dimensional (2D) metal and dielectric rough surfaces containing infinite slopes. Results are presented for scattering from metal surfaces with rectangular surface structures. This type of surface has applications, for example, in remote sensing and in testing or imaging of printed circuits. Some calculations for rectangular-shaped grooves in a plane are presented for the 2D surface method and are compared to previously published results using a different method of calculation. Good agreement is found between the results for the different calculation methods.     

Numerical calculation of apparent IR radiation of cloud

The infrared detection has been one of important approaches for aerial target detection, but the existence of clouds in the sky makes target detection difficult, so it is of great significance to research the features of infrared radiation of clouds. Combining Mie scattering theory, the calculation model of infrared radiation on the cloud appearance was put forward and this model mainly considered two parts including direct and scattering radiation. The calculation methods of direct radiation, primary scattering and multiple scattering were discussed in detail to put forward the specific methods for numerical computation. Based on the calculation model, cumulus was taken as the example to calculate its radiation of wave band of long-wave infrared and analyze its radiation characters. The calculation results showed that: both perpendicular incidence and scattering could make great contributions to apparent radiation of cloud and could not be ignored; as for the distribution of direction angles, the radiation of clouds decreased with increase of direction angles as a whole; in the aspect of spectrum distribution, spectral radiance feature of the clouds was complicated function of wave length. Finally, the calculation results were verified using clouds imaging experiment of which the result also effectively proved the correctness of the calculation model.     

Dynamische Theorie der elastischen Elektronenbeugung unter Verwendung komplexer Atomformfaktoren

The two-beam approximation of dynamic electron diffraction in crystals is deduced from successive scattering by two-dimensional gratings. The scattering-amplitude caused by the single grating (phase-grating) is determined by the atomic scattering factors of the single atoms. The use of real atomic scattering factors leads here to the same solutions as the twobeam theory, using the Schroedinger-equation. Anomalous absorptions effects are described in the usual theory by introducing a complex lattice potential into the Schroedinger-equation, taking into account inelastic scattering. A more exact calculation of only elastic scattering by a single atom results in complex atomic scattering factors. Using the complex atomic scattering factors one can describe the anomalous absorption, if recursion-formulae for successive scattering are applied. On the other hand, the transformation to differential equations leads to results, which are not in agreement with experiments. The influence of inelastic scattering for the anomalous absorption can be neglected compared with the complex atomic scattering factors.     

Application of quantum mechanical method to analysis of the intensity distribution in spectra of resonant hyper-Raman scattering of low-symmetry molecules

The quantum-mechanical method of calculating the relative intensities of lines in the spectra of resonant hyper-Raman scattering of polyatomic molecules in the Herzberg-Teller approximation is tested with respect to low-symmetry molecules. The method makes it possible to describe resonant Raman and hyper-Raman scattering spectra, as well as vibronic absorption spectra, from the same viewpoint based on a common set of parameters. The particular features of the implementation of the method are discussed based on the calculation of the spectra of resonant hyper-Raman scattering of chlorobenzene and adenine, and the expedience of the application of the method is illustrated. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between calculation results and available experimental data.     

Some Features of Electromagnetic Wave Scattering from Statistically Rough Land Covers in the Millimeter-Wave Range of Wavelengths

We present the results of numerical simulation of scattering of millimeter electromagnetic waves from a statistically rough earth surface by the methods of small perturbations and tangent surfaces. We develop numerical algorithms and codes for (i) calculation of the specific effective area of scattering from small-scale, large-scale, and combined (two-scale) structures of land-surface irregularities and (ii) calculation of the field scattered from a rough surface with allowance for the antenna pattern. As an example, we present the results of numerical calculation of the specific effective area of scattering and the scattered field for the case of the Gaussian single-lobe antenna pattern and a land-surface model (asphalt, concrete, sand, and snow) in the form of a periodic structure. The theoretical results obtained for the specific effective area scattering are in good agreement with the experimental data. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 478–487, June 2005.     

Diffraction and selective adsorption in the corrugated hard wall model

Numerical calculations are carried out for the elastic scattering of thermal energy atoms from a perfect crystalline surface with a square unit cell. The surface is treated as an infinitely-repulsive corrugated hard wall with an attractive square well in front of the hard wall. Closed, as well as open and bound, channels are included in the calculation, and multiple scattering effects are treated explicitly. It is concluded from these numerical studies that the single scattering approximation is inadequate, that closed channels must be included in any numerical calculations, and that selective adsorption can readily be understood within the framework of this simple model. Moreover, selective adsorption minima as well as maxima are found in this calculation without the necessity of invoking inelastic processes. The general quantitative agreement of the calculated results with the HeLiF diffraction experiments, the relative ease of handling more complicated corrugated surfaces, and the small amount of computer time required for these calculations suggest that the hard wall model is ideally suited in a parameterization scheme.     

On calculating scattering phase shifts by the generator coordinate method

The generator coordinate equations for scattering phase shifts are solved for α-α scattering. Calculations are made in the coordinate representation and the results agree well with those obtained by a more laborious procedure which is formulated in the momentum representation. The results disagree with another calculation in the coordinate representation, where the scattering boundary condition is introduced less accurately.     

n维氢原子的散射态

研究了n维氢原子的散射态性质．给出了精确的按“k/2π标度”归一化的散射态的精确解波函数及相移表达式，讨论了相移的解析性质，获得了束缚-连续跃迁矩阵元的解析计算公式．普通氢原子(n=3)散射态的有关结果作为特例包含在本文的一般结论之中． 关键词： n维氢原子 散射态 精确解 相移 束缚-连续跃迁矩阵元     

A pseudopotential based theory of the driving forces for electromigration in metals

We present a pseudopotential calculation of the driving forces for atomic migration in metals in the presence of electron currents. When electrons are scattered by impurities in a metal, we find that a force is generally exerted on each atom in the vicinity of the scattering center. Because the scattering is predominantly elastic, it is possible to express this force field as the classical electrostatic force arising from the total electronic charge, as has been assumed by Friedel and Bosvieux. The electron charge density is determined from a pseudopotential calculation, and the resulting force is expressed as a sum of effective interactions between the diffusing atom and all crystal defects.The forces on an atom arising from the electron scattering and from the applied electric field together comprise the driving force which causes a net current of atoms. The driving forces are calculated for intestitial and vacancy migration in several metals, and the results are found to compare favorably with most experimental data.     

Selective photorefractive scattering in LiNbO<Subscript>3</Subscript>:Rh crystals

Photorefractive scattering occurs in rhodium-doped lithium niobate crystals irradiated by coherent light. The photorefractive scattering has both wide-angle and selective components. The results of experimental investigation of selective photorefractive scattering in LiNbO₃:Rh crystals and calculation of the spatial structure of scattering are reported. The selective scattering is regarded as a kind of a frequency-degenerate fourwave vector interaction.     

He-N_2势能表面对散射截面的影响

从总散射截面、微分散射截面和分波散射截面三方面对He-N2体系的三个势能表面进行了详细比较。计算中采用了精确度较高的密耦(Close-Coupling)近似方法(E=64meV),计算结果与MKeil等的实验结果基本相符。研究结果表明:势能球平均零点能位置、势阱深度、排斥势的强度以及势能在势阱附近的方向性都对散射截面有较大的影响,为根据散射截面准确地确定He-N2体系的相互作用势能参数提供了一种新依据。     

Measurement of Small-Angle Scattering of 14.7MeV Neutrons by C and Be Nuclei

The 14.7MeV neutron small-angle elastic scattering differential cross sections of C and Be are measured by a position-sensitive spectrometer with associated particle time-of-flight method.The corrections for neutron flux attenuation and multiple scattering are performed by using Monte-Carlo calculations.The experimental results are compared with the opticalmode calculation and other measurements.