Quasi-invariant manifolds,stability, and generalized Hopf bifurcation

Sunto Viene compiuta un'analisi completa del problema della biforcazione di Hopf relativa ad arbitrarie piccole perturbazioni del secondo membro di un'equazione differenziale in Rⁿ, p=f₀(p). Gli autovalori di f₀(O) soddisfano una condizione di non risonanza. I risultati sono forniti in termini delle proprietá di stabilità di un sistema dinamico piano convenientemente associato all'equazione imperturbata.

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Research partially supported by U.S. Army Research Grant DAAG-29-80-C-0060 and by C.N.R. (Italian Council of Research) contr. 79.00696.01.

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Work performed under the auspices of the National Group of Math, Phys. of C.N.R.     

两时滞广义Logistic模型的Hopf分支与混沌

构建了具有两个时滞的广义Logistic模型,分情况讨论了系统正平衡点发生局部Hopf分支和稳定性切换的条件,分析了分支点关于系统参数的单调性和极限性质.数值模拟佐证了理论结果,展示了周期振动,倍周期分支,混沌等复杂的动力学行为.     

An elementary approach to gap theorems

Using elementary comparison geometry, we prove: Let (M, g) be a simply-connected complete Riemannian manifold of dimension ≥ 3. Suppose that the sectional curvature K satisfies −1 − s(r) ≤ K ≤ −1, where r denotes distance to a fixed point in M. If lim _{r → ∞} e^2r s(r) = 0, then (M, g) has to be isometric to ℍ ⁿ . The same proof also yields that if K satisfies −s(r) ≤ K ≤ 0 where lim _{r → ∞} r ² s(r) = 0, then (M, g) is isometric to ℝ ⁿ , a result due to Greene and Wu. Our second result is a local one: Let (M, g) be any Riemannian manifold. For a ∈ ℝ, if K ≤ a on a geodesic ball B _p (R) in M and K = a on ∂B _p (R), then K = a on B _p (R).     

Normal form for generalized Hopf bifurcation with non-semisimple 1 ∶ 1 resonance

The primary result of this research is the derivation of an explicit formula for the Poincaré-Birkhoff normal form of the generalized Hopf bifurcation with non-semisimple 1:1 resonance. The classical nonuniqueness of the normal form is resolved by the choice of complementary space which yields a unique equivariant normal form. The 4 leading complex constants in the normal form are calculated in terms of the original coefficients of both the quadratic and cubic nonlinearities by two different algorithms. In addition, the universal unfolding of the degenerate linear operator is explicitly determined. The dominant normal forms are then obtained by rescaling the variables. Finally, the methods of averaging and normal forms are compared. It is shown that the dominant terms of the equivariant normal form are, indeed, the same as those of the averaged equations with a particular choice for the constant of integration.Partially supported by NSF through grant MSS 90-57437, AFOSR through grant 91-0041 and NSERC of Canada.     

A stochastic Hopf bifurcation

Summary Let {x _t :t0} be the solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE) in ^d which fixes 0, and let denote the Lyapunov exponent for the linear SDE obtained by linearizing the original SDE at 0. It is known that, under appropriate conditions, the sign of controls the stability/instability of 0 and the transience/recurrence of {x _t :t0} on ^d \{0}. In particular if the coefficients in the SDE depend on some parameterz which is varied in such a way that the corresponding Lyapunov exponent ^z changes sign from negative to positive the (almost-surely) stable fixed point at 0 is replaced by an (almost-surely) unstable fixed point at 0 together with an attracting invariant probability measure ^z on ^d \{0}. In this paper we investigate the limiting behavior of ^z as ^z converges to 0 from above. The main result is that the rescaled measures (1/ ^z ) ^z converge (in an appropriate weak sense) to a non-trivial -finite measure on ^d \{0}.Research supported in part by Office of Naval Research contract N00014-91-J-1526     

Approximation of Hopf bifurcation

Summary We make several assumptions on a nonlinear evolution problem, ensuring the existence of a Hopf bifurcation. Under a fairly general approximation condition, we define a discrete problem which retains the bifurcation property and we prove an error estimate between the branches of exact and approximate periodic solutions.     

Hopf bifurcation near a double singular point

The nonlinear equation f(x,λ,) = 0, f:X × R²→X, where X is a Banach space and f satisfies a Z₂-symmetry relation is considered. Interest centres on a certain type of double singular point, where the solution x is symmetric and f_x has a double zero eigenvalue, with one eigenvector symmetric and one antisymmetric.

We show that under certain nondegeneracy conditions, which are stated both algebraically and geometrically, there exists a path of Hopf bifurcations or imaginary Hopf bifurcations passing through the double singular point, and for which x is not symmetric except at the double singular point. An easy geometrical test is found to decide which type of phenomenon occurs. A biproduct of the analysis is that explicit expressions are obtained for quantities which help to provide a reliable numerical method to compute these paths. A pseudo-spectral method was used to obtain numerical results for the Brusselator equations to illustrate the theory.     

An elementary approach to Wedderburn's structure theory

Wedderburn's theorem on the structure of finite dimensional (semi)simple algebras is proved by using minimal prerequisites.     

An elementary approach to Carleman-type resolvent estimates

A new elementary approach to uniform resolvent estimates of the Carleman-type is developed. Schatten-von Neumann's perturbations of self-adjoint and unitary operators are considered. Examples of typical growth are provided.     

Two new approaches to computing Hopf bifurcation problems

We consider the computation of Hopf bifurcation for ordinary differential equations. Two new extended systems are given for the calculation of Hopf bifurcation problems: the first is composed of differential-algebraic equations with index 1, the other consists of differential equations by using a symmetry inherited from the autonomous system of ordinary differential equations. Both methods are especially suitable for calculating bifurcating periodic solutions since they transform the Hopf bifurcation problem into regular nonlinear boundary value problems which are very easy to implement. The bifurcation solutions become isolated solutions of the extended system so that our methods work both in the subcritical and supercritical case. The extended systems are based on an additional parameter ε; practical experience shows that one gets convergence for ε sufficiently large so that a substantial part of the bifurcating branch can be computed. The two methods are illustrated by numerical examples and compared with other procedures.     

Hopf bifurcation analysis of a reaction-diffusion Sel'kov system

A reaction-diffusion system known as the Sel'kov model subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition is investigated, where detailed Hopf bifurcation analysis is performed. We not only show the existence of the spatially homogeneous/non-homogeneous periodic solutions of the system, but also derive conditions for determining the bifurcation direction and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solution.     

Hopf bifurcation for functional equations

Using a “concrete” representation for the adjoint, the spectrum of the class of linear transformations T which are bounded on L^p(?∞, ∞), 1 < p < ∞ into itself and which satisfy the functional equation Tt(a) = m(a) t(a), ?∞ < a < ∞, a ≠ 0, where m(a) = 1 or (sgn a) and where (t(a)f)(x) = f(ax), is studied.