Static Spherically Symmetric Perfect Fluid Distribution in Presence of Electromagnetic Field

In this paper a solution corresponding to a static spherically sym- metric perfect uid distribution in presence of electromagnetic field which is a natural generalization of the well-known Reissner–Nordstrom solution is discussed with a two-parameter family of line-elements. The space-time is asymptotically at. The integrating constants are determined by matching the obtained solution with the Reissner–Nordstrom solution over the boundary. It has been found that the uid model has non-negative expression for the mass density and pressure.     

Effects of hall current on MHD Couette flow in a rotating system with arbitrary magnetic field

Author has studied the MHD Couette flow in a rotating environment with non- conducting walls in the presence of an arbitrary magnetic field. The solution in dimensionless form contains four pertinent flow parameters, viz. the Hartmann number, the rotation parameter which is the reciprocal of the Ekman number, the Hall current parameter, and the angle of inclination of the magnetic field to the positive direction of the axis of rotation. An interplay of hydromagnetic force and Coriolis force with an inclusion of Hall current plays a significant role in determining the MHD flow behaviour. The velocity and induced magnetic field distributions are depicted graphically. Also, the numerical results of shear stresses and the rate of mass flows are presented graphically.     

Anisotropic spheres with variable energy density in general relativity

Interior solutions of Einstein field equations for anisotropic spheres with variable energy density are obtained. The solutions for uniform energy density [10] and for radial pressure equal to zero [11] are particular cases of the present solution. With this solution we are also able to discuss an anisotropic gas sphere. Physically it explains larger red-shifts of different quasi-stellar objects. The results of the model have been used to explain the behaviour of a neutron stars and conclude that the maximum mass of a neutron star does not exceed two solar masses, which confirms the Chandrasekhar limit.     

核物质里π介子的吸收与类声集体模式的激发

跟核物质主要特性相一致的相对论性平均场理论被用来研究核物质里的类声集体模式的激发。已自洽地求出对应于相对论平均场耦合方程组的数值解,并计算出核子的有效质量、类声波速度和类声解的振幅。当核密度靠近或者大于核物质的饱和密度时,这样的类声波非平庸解是可以存在的。 关键词：     

General relativity in a (2 + 1)-dimensional space-time

General relativity is formulated for a (2+1)-dimensional space-time. Solutions to the vacuum field equations are locally flat. There are no gravitational waves and no Newtonian attraction between masses. The geometry around a point mass is a cone (locally flat) where the angle deficit at the apex is proportional to the mass. A uniform density planet has a spherical cap interior and a conical exterior solution. A convex polyhedron represents a closed universe with point masses at its vertices and approximates a static spherical universe of uniform density dust.     

近场光学在高密度存储中的应用

近场光学在高密度存储方面有着很大的潜力 ,使得近场光学存储近年来得到了广泛的关注。近场光学存储具有高密度大容量及可以利用许多已有相关技术等优点 ,预计近场光学存储密度能达到 7Gbit/ cm2 ;它还可以采用硬盘驱动器中的空气悬浮磁头技术和磁光存储中的技术等 ,使近场存储的研究和开发更加迅速。目前 ,近场光学存储主要有三种方案 :探针型方案、超分辨率近场结构、固体浸没透镜方案 ,这三种方案都是通过不同的方法缩小记录光斑来实现高密度的存储。介绍了近场光学存储的原理、研究现状及材料 ,并对三种近场存储方案的实现方法和发展概况作了详细的阐述 ,分析了这三种方案的优缺点     

Steady state of a low-density ensemble of atoms in a monochromatic field taking into account recoil effects

A method has been developed for obtaining the steady-state solution of a quantum kinetic equation for the atomic density matrix in an arbitrarily polarized monochromatic field with the complete inclusion of recoil effects and degeneracy of atomic levels in the projection of the angular momentum. This method makes it possible to obtain the most general solution beyond the previously accepted approximations (semiclassical approximation, secular approximation, etc.). In particular, it has been shown that the laser cooling temperature is a function of not only the depth of the optical potential (as was previously thought), but also the mass of an atom.     

Magnetic studies of the dislocation structure of iron single crystals deformed at 295 K

The dislocation density in iron single crystals deformed at 295 K has been studied by measuring the coercive field, the initial susceptibility, the Rayleigh constant, and the reversible susceptibility in the approach to ferromagnetic saturation as functions of the resolved shear stress. The influence of different dislocation types on the saturation susceptibility has been calculated. In this way it is possible to distinguish dislocation structures composed of screw or edge dislocations and to reveal long-range internal stresses, which govern the work-hardening in the deformation stage II/III. The dislocation density increases in stage I linearly and in stage II/III quadraticaly with the resolved shear stress. In stage O mainly isolated screw dislocations are created.     

Applied stresses,cyclotron masses and charge-density-waves in silicon inversion layers

The behaviour of cyclotron masses for n-type Si(100)/SiO₂ inversion layers under stress is explained by means of a charge-density-wave model. The model yields: (1) the observed occupied valley degeneracy of two; (2) a cyclotron mass which varies as a function of stress or as a function of electron number density between 0.19 m_e and 0.42 m_e; (3) a charge-density-wave solution only for a restricted range of stresses, with a different paramagnetic solution at each boundary of this range. Of the two tramsitions one is first order and the other second order both as a function of stress and carrier density. The approximations in the calculation are discussed.     

Perfect-Fluid Sources for the Levi-Civita Metric II

A regular static interior solution of Einstein’s field equations representing a perfect fluid cylinder of finite radius is presented. The solution is matched to the Levi-Civita vacuum solution at a boundary where the pressure vanishes. The density and pressure are finite and positive inside the cylinder for a specific range of the mass parameter. The solution could thus represent a reasonable source for the Levi-Civita metric.     

Spherical gravitational collapse with photon emission and a generalized Schwarzchild interior solution

The general dynamical equations for perfect fluid filled spheres with an outward flux of photons are derived. The vital role played by the energy density of the free gravitational field in accelerating photon production has been emphasized. It is pointed out that even when the material energy density is finite, the energy density of the free gravitational field can take infinitely large values resulting in vanishing surface area of the star. A generalized Schwarzschild interior solution with conformally flat geometry but with photon emission has been obtained. It is pointed out that the interior conformal coordinate system bears a strong resemblance to the exterior Krushkal coordinates. It is shown that for spherical star the invariant velocity of the fluid particles, falling towards the centre, is proportional to its radius suggesting that the outer envelopes collapse at a faster rate than the core part. It is shown that the interior radiating solution can be matched with generalized Schwarzchild exterior solution.     

稳态导热中的非傅立叶效应

基于热质与热质势的概念,研究了稳态条件下的导热规律.结果表明:热量在输运过程中受到来自热质势场的驱动力以及来自介质的阻力,当两者平衡时,热量的输运规律满足傅立叶导热定律;当惯性力不能被忽略从而两者不平衡时,热量将被加速,热流密度和温度梯度之间的线性关系不再成立,表现出明显的非傅立叶效应.用数值模拟定量地研究了非傅立叶效应对稳态导热过程的影响.     

Densities of electron’s continuum in gravitational and electromagnetic fields

Relativistic dynamics of distributed mass and charge densities of the extended classical particle is considered for arbitrary gravitational and electromagnetic fields. Both geodesic and field gravitational equations can be derived by variation of the same Lagrange density in the classical action of a nonlocal particle distributed over its radial field. Vector geodesic relations for material space densities are contraction consequences of tensor gravitational equations for continuous sources and their fields. Classical four-flows of elementary material space depend on local electromagnetic fourpotentials for charged densities, as in quantum theory. Besides the Lorentz force, these potentials result in two more accelerating factors vanishing under equilibrium internal stresses within the continuous particle.     

Effect of the non-homogenity on the composite infinite cylinder of orthotropic material

In this Letter, the solution of non-homogeneous orthotropic elastic cylinder for plane strain problems is developed. The dynamical problem of an orthotropic cylinder containing: (i) an isotropic core and (ii) a rigid core are considered. The elastic constants and density are taken as a power function of the radial coordinate. Analytical expressions for the component of the displacement and the components of the stresses in different cases are obtained. The numerical calculations are carried out for the component of displacement and the components of the stresses through the radial of the cylinder. The results indicate that the effect of inhomogeneity is very pronounced. Those cases have been illustrated and discussed by figures.     

Exact solution for a static charged gas sphere in general relativity

A general solution of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations has been obtained for a static charged gas sphere having maximum matter density at the centre. The density decreases along the radius and finally becomes zero at the surface of the sphere.     

Internal structure of a classical spinning electron

A classical model of the spinning electron in general relativity consisting of a rotating charge distribution with Poincaré stresses is set up. It is made out of a continuous superposition of thin charged shells with differential rotation. Each elementary shell is maintained in stationary equilibrium in the gravitational field created by the others. A class of interior solutions of the Kerr-Newman field is thus obtained. The corresponding stress-energy tensor naturally splits into the sum of two terms. The first one is the Maxwell tensor associated to a rotating charge distribution, and the second one corresponds to a material source having zero energy density everywhere, no radial pressure, and an isotropic transverse stress. These negative pressures or tensions are identified with the cohesive forces introduced by Poincaré to stabilize the Lorentz electron model. They are shown to be the source of a negative gravitational mass density and thereby of the violation of the energy conditions inside the electron.     

Anisotropic fluid distributions on pseudo-spheroidal spacetimes

An exact solution of Einstein’s field equations for anisotropic fluid distribution on the background of a pseudo-spheroidal spacetime has been reported. The models based on this solution are found to accommodate density variation of high degree from the centre to the boundary of the distribution and admit a subclass for which both the radial and tangential pressures vanish at the boundary of the configuration.     

MHD cylindrical shock wave in self-gravitating gas

Summary Similarity solutions of the propagation of cylindrical blast waves through a self-gravitating polytropic gas caused by an instantaneous release of finite energy are investigated theoretically including the influence of transverse magnetic field. A comparative study of the distributions of velocity, density, mass, pressure, temperature and magnetic field has been illustrated through figures. The authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.     

振动叶栅中三维振荡粘性流场的压力密度消去法

1前言三维非定常流场的求解是目前国内外的一个热点研究课题山。文献［2］完成了三维可压非定常欧拉流场的求解,这一方法在求解三维非定常欧拉流场时,应用了四阶fringe－Kutta方法对控制方程进行积分,用中心差分进行空间离散,采用了四阶人工粘性项来保证计算格式稳定,计算稳定性要求严格,时间步长不能大,计算时间长。本文从非定常三维粘性N－S方程组出发,通过合理的数学方法,消去压力及密度项,得到只包含振荡速度矢量项对空间的偏微分方程组,在已知定常速度场后,这一方程组很容易求解。2基本方程在以角速度为n作旋转的相对坐…     

Magneto-plasma wave propagation in graphite under high magnetic fields

Alfvèn wave propagation in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) has been investigated using a far-infrared HCN laser at 311 and 337 μm wavelengths and pulsed high magnetic fields up to 330 kG applied along the c-axis. The propagation of the Alfvèn wave was observed in a form of Fabry—Perot type interferograms, from which the mass density was obtained. It was found for the first time that the mass density exhibits a considerable increase as the magnetic field is increased. From a comparison of the experimental results with a primitive calculation, it turned out that the magnetic field dependence of the mass density cannot be explained by the usual type of formula derived from classical equations of motion.