可见光催化偕二氟烯烃碳-氟键官能化反应的研究进展

单氟烯烃结构单元广泛存在于药物及天然产物等复杂功能分子中,同时也是重要的有机合成子,在医药、生物和材料等领域具有广泛的应用.因此,开发绿色、经济且高效的合成单氟烯烃化合物的方法具有重要的科学意义和现实价值.偕二氟烯烃C—F键官能化是制备单氟烯烃化合物的有效手段,总结了在可见光氧化还原催化、可见光氧化还原/过渡金属协同催化条件下实现偕二氟烯烃C—F键官能化反应的研究进展,主要介绍了底物适用范围、反应机理和合成应用,并对它的发展前景进行了展望.     

二氟烯醇硅醚与烯烃的马氏区域选择性氢二氟烷基化反应

烯烃是一类广泛应用于工业生产和实验室合成的重要基础化工原料.通过烯烃的氢二氟烷基化反应,可在烯烃中一步选择性地引入二氟烷基结构单元,实现一些高附加值的复杂功能分子的合成,因而引起了合成和药物化学工作者的广泛关注[1].近年来,通过光氧化还原催化或外加氧化剂的方法,经过自由基历程已成功实现了烯烃的反马氏区域选择性氢二氟烷基化反应合成直链型的加成产物(Scheme 1,a)[2].     

Fe/SiO_2纳米复合物上合成气制低碳烯烃催化性能研究

分别采用一步合成法和常规共沉淀法制备了Fe/SiO2催化剂,通过N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和程序升温还原等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并在固定床反应器中对其费托合成制低碳烯烃的催化性能进行了评价。结果表明,与共沉淀铁基催化剂不同,采用一步合成法制备的纳米复合物主要由Fe3O4相构成,形貌呈规则球形,平均粒径为30 nm,尺寸分布窄,更容易还原。一步合成法制得的Fe/SiO2催化剂对费托合成反应具有较高的活性和低碳烯烃选择性、较低的甲烷选择性和良好的稳定性。     

二茂二氯化钛存在下炔烃的还原反应

研究了双取代乙炔在二茂二氯化钛存在下被异丁基溴化镁格氏试剂还原生成烯烃的过程. 结果表明, 二苯乙炔还原后几乎得到专一的Z-二苯乙烯, 但多数炔烃还原后主要产物为E式烯烃, Z,E异构体的比例与底物炔烃的性质及位阻有关. 本文还报导了以双取代乙炔为底物, 径钛氢化反应合成了9组烯烃异构体混合物, 并对其结构进行了分析鉴定.     

聚硅氧烷固载NADH模型物的设计合成及应用

设计合成了一类新型的高分子还原试剂聚硅氧烷固载烟酰胺辅酶(NADH)模型化合物4.该还原剂可以在温和条件下有效地还原活化烯烃,而且自身具有很好的循环再生性,是优良的绿色还原剂.     

水溶液中锌粉促进邻二醇合成的研究

邻二醇是有机合成中重要的合成子,是合成烯烃、酮类化合物的重要中间体,广泛用于农药、医药等精细化工品的合成.合成邻二醇最有效的方法是羰基化合物的还原偶联,通常由羰基化合物与相应的金属试剂或金属络合物作用而实现,往往反应时间长,要求的条件苛刻,有的收率比较低.     

镍促进电化学还原交叉偶联合成偕二氟烯烃（英文）

偕二氟烯烃是一类重要的含氟有机化合物,在有机合成化学和药物化学研究领域展现出独特的结构优势.例如,偕二氟烯基可以便利地转化为单氟烯基、二氟烷基、三氟甲基以及其他多种含氟结构.偕二氟烯基结构作为羰基理想的电子等排体在药物设计研究中也有广泛的应用.报道了一种镍促进的电化学还原交叉偶联反应合成功能化的偕二氟烯烃.该反应在非分隔电解槽中进行,在温和的电化学还原条件下,实现了三氟甲基烯烃烯丙基脱氟、氧化还原活性羧酸酯脱羧或者烷基卤化物脱卤素的有机结合.反应可有效避免使用化学计量的金属粉末或有机还原剂.该反应为含偕二氟烯基功能结构的生物活性分子提供了有效的合成途径.     

聚苯乙烯固载NADH辅酶模型化合物的合成及应用

设计、合成了一类新型的高分子还原试剂--聚苯乙烯固载烟酰胺辅酶模型化合物1-苄基-1,4-二氢烟酰胺(BNAH)4.该还原剂可以在温和条件下有效的还原活化烯烃,而且可以循环再生,但循环再生后有效BNAH含量下降.     

聚合物负载的手性催化剂和手性试剂的合成及应用

近年来,用聚合物负载的手性催化剂和手性试剂完成的不对称合成反应主要集中在潜手性酮的不对称还原反应;烯烃的不对称双羟基化反应;烯烃的不对称环氧化反应;不对称Diels-Alder反应和饱和碳原子上的不对称取代反应.就近十年来聚合物负载手性催化剂和手性试剂的合成及应用进行了讨论.     

以天然凹凸棒石为原料合成Fe/Ti-ZSM-5沸石分子筛及其催化裂化性能

以天然凹凸棒石为硅源、铁源和钛源,一步合成了Fe/Ti-ZSM-5分子筛.X射线衍射、扫描电镜和N₂吸附等温线测定结果表明,所合成的样品具有良好的结晶度和较大的比表面积;NH₃程序升温脱附和H₂程序升温还原结果表明,该样品具有强的酸性和氧化还原性能.更为重要的是,与常规方法制备的ZSM-5沸石相比,Fe/Ti-ZSM-5在催化裂解原料油(LGO,加拿大)的测试中,丙烯的产率提高0.21%,总轻烯烃的产率提高0.33%.由此可见,Fe与Ti物种在ZSM-5沸石分子筛中的存在有利于提高轻烯烃的产率,有望在石油炼制过程中提高烯烃产率.     

An easy and versatile approach to the synthesis of chiral pheromone lactones via 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline derivatives

As part of our ongoing investigation on the versatility of 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline derivatives, we present a straightforward synthesis of chiral lactone pheromones from readily available starting materials. As an application, we describe the diastereoselective synthesis of cis and trans-2-methyl-5-hexanolide (1), a pheromone component of the carpenter bee Xylocopa hirutissima, and a formal synthesis of (4R,5Z)-5-tetradecen-4-olide (2), the sex pheromone of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica.     

Synthesis of citrophilus mealybug sex pheromone using chrysanthemol extracted from Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium)

A commercial pyrethrum extract was used as a source of chrysanthemol for the synthesis of the citrophilus mealybug (Pseudococcus calceolariae) sex pheromone. The chrysanthemic acid esters (pyrethrins I) were isolated and subsequently reduced to obtain chrysanthemol, which was used for ester pheromone synthesis. Field tests showed that the pheromone synthesized using plant-derived chrysanthemol was as attractive to male P. calceolariae as the pheromone obtained using a commercial isomeric chrysanthemol mixture.     

Synthesis of 3S-methylundec-1-ylbromide, a key synthon in the synthesis of (S,S,S)-diprionylacetate, from L-(-)-menthol

Three new approaches to the synthesis of 1-bromo-3S-methylundecane, a key synthon in the synthesis of (S,S,S)-diprionylacetate, a sex pheromone of pine sawflies of the genera Diprion and Neodiprion, were proposed based on chemo-and stereoselective transformations of L-(-)-menthol derivatives. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 73–76, January–February, 2006.     

Synthesis of all 16 stereoisomers of pinesaw fly sex pheromones--tools and tactics for solving problems in fluorous mixture synthesis

[Reaction: see text]. The application of fluorous mixture synthesis (FMS) for accessing natural products and their stereoisomers was validated by the total synthesis of all 16 stereoisomers of the pine sawfly sex pheromone. Four fluorous p-methoxybenzyl groups were used as tags, and a "4-mix-4-split" approach was employed in a divergent synthesis. This paper presents the details of the FMS of pine sawfly sex pheromones with an emphasis on identification and solving of problems encountered when working with fluorous mixtures.     

松毛虫性信息素微量成分鉴定方法的研究

采用气相色谱-质谱分析确认了顺-5-,反-7-十二碳二烯乙酸酯是思茅松毛虫性信息素腺体的主要成分（次要成分由于含量极微且受杂质干扰,未能获得全扫描质谱图）。利用高分辨率毛细管气相色谱分析了思茅松毛虫性信息素腺体提取物的酯基转移和乙酰化反应的衍生物,进一步确认了顺-5-,反-7-十二碳二烯醇是思茅松毛虫性信息素腺体中的微量成分。探讨了功能团相互转换微量化学反应法鉴定松毛虫性信息素腺体中微量成分功能团和立体构型的优点。强调了性信息素微量成分鉴定工作在昆虫化学通讯系统研究中的重要性。     

Synthesis of the Sex Pheromone of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera miridae)

We propose a new synthesis of the sex pheromone ofLygus lineolaris (Heteroptera miridae)that uses a phase-transfer version of the Wittig-Horner reaction to produce a monoene synthon of the principal component of the pheromone, E-2-hexenylbutyrate     

Synthetic studies in the field of attractive substances (sex attractants) of insects

A new synthesis of nonadeca-1,cis-3,cis-6,cis-9-tetraene, the sex pheromone of the winter mothOperophtera brumata, has been developed which involves the alkylation of bromomagnesium derivatives of tetrahydropyranyl ethers of mono- and diacetylenic alcohols by a monoacetylenic bromide, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting triynol to a trienol, oxidation of the latter to an aldehyde, and interaction of the latter with methylenetriphenylphosphorane.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Biological Methods of Plant Protection, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 122–125, January–February, 1992.     

A convenient reduction of alkylated tosylmethyl isocyanides : Applications for the synthesis of natural products

A convenient and simple method for the reduction of mono- and diatkylated tosylmethyl isocyanides with lithium in liquid ammonia to corresponding hydrocarbons is described. The utility of this methodology adopted in the synthesis of tricos-9Z-ene. (7g), a. sex pheromone of common house fly, (-)-1S.5R, 7S-exo-brevicomin (17), an antipode of sex pheromone of Western pine beetle and (4S,5S)-5-hydroxy-4-decanolide (L-factor, 19), a proposed autoregulator for leukaemomycin biosynthesis.     

(9Z)-9,13-Tetradecadien-11-ynal, the sex pheromone of the avocado seed moth, Stenoma catenifer

The highly unsaturated aldehyde (9Z)-9,13-tetradecadien-11-ynal and the corresponding alcohol were identified as possible sex pheromone components of the avocado seed moth, Stenoma catenifer. The aldehyde as a single component attracted more male moths than caged virgin female moths, and addition of the analogous alcohol and/or acetate decreased attraction. A stereospecific synthesis of the pheromone is described.     

Facile Synthesis of 1,4-Dienic Compounds From 4-Pentyn-1-ol: Synthesis of Pheromone Components of Boarmia Selenariaand B. Rhomboidaria

The bifuctionality of 4-pentyn-1-ol has been suitably exploited to prepare 1,4-dienic unit. This has been applied for the synthesis of two important sex pheromone components.