半胱氨酸肽片段连接法合成ω-芋螺毒素MVIIA

ω-芋螺毒素MVIIA是已上市的镇痛药Ziconotide的有效成分.采用标准Fmoc保护策略在聚苯乙烯树脂上合成ω-MVIIA比较困难,是固相合成中的困难肽.本研究将ω-MVIIA分为N-端15肽硫酯和C-端10肽两个片段采用标准Fmoc保护策略分别合成,再通过半胱氨酸肽片段连接得到全长的ω-芋螺毒素MVIIA肽链.该方法提高了合成ω-芋螺毒素MVIIA产率.该研究为困难肽的合成提供了较好的参考方法.     

多肽酰肼法合成Nesiritide

Nesiritide是一类重要的多肽类血管扩张药物,在维持心血管和肾脏的体内平衡方面发挥着重要的作用.目前,Nesiritide的合成主要是通过基因重组表达法获得,该方法操作较为复杂且存在一定的限制.本研究运用多肽固相合成及酰肼连接策略,通过3片段连接高效合成了Nesiritide,为大批量工业化生产该类多肽药物打下基础.     

片段法合成抗骨质疏松多肽药物特立帕肽

将特立帕肽序列中的34个氨基酸分成4个片段:1-11、 12-16、 17-24和25-34;以Wang Resin（王树脂）为固相载体制得25-34肽树脂;以CTC Resin（2-氯三苯甲基氯树脂）为固相载体制得1-11、 12-16和17-24等3个片段的全保护肽,然后将3个片段的全保护肽按照肽序依次缩合到25-34的肽树脂上,经三氟乙酸切割并脱除侧链保护基得特立帕肽粗品,再经液相色谱纯化得特立帕肽,纯度大于99%,总收率达33%,其结构经MS(ESI)确证。     

多肽酰肼连接法合成环四肽

环四肽在药物研发中具有重要的潜在应用价值, 然而目前尚缺乏高效率合成环四肽的方法. 我们发展了以N端为半胱氨酸的四肽酰肼为原料的分子内环化方法, 合成了全L型氨基酸组成的环四肽. 该方法通过形成13元环的内硫酯中间体, 再经过S-to-N酰基迁移形成酰胺键, 最后通过脱硫反应, 得到目标环四肽分子.     

应用部分保护肽片段的硫酯合成c-Myb蛋白(38—89)-NH_2

本文研究了应用4-甲基苄基氯选择性保护肽片段中的半胱氨酸巯基,用部分保护肽片段的硫酯合成了c-Myb蛋白(38—89)-NH_2,由4-甲基苄基保护的巯基在硫酯的银离子活化条件下很稳定,该方法可用于含半胱氨酸蛋白质的化学合成。     

通过基于多肽酰肼的化学连接反应合成高张力环状四肽

刘磊课题组采用其发展的基于多肽酰肼的化学连接反应, 成功合成了一系列高张力环状四肽分子. 多肽酰肼在温和氧化条件下活化为多肽酰基叠氮中间体, 随后与4-巯基苯乙酸形成硫酯, 进而经由分子内天然化学连接反应得到环状四肽. 通过后续的自由基脱硫反应, 可得到连接位点为丙氨酸的产物.     

含氯羧酸吡唑醛肟酯化合物的合成及生物活性

含氯羧酸吡唑醛肟酯化合物的合成及生物活性;羧酸吡唑醛肟酯;合成;生物活性     

水相中烷基硫代酯的绿色合成

发展了一种无需任何添加剂,在水相中合成烷基硫代酯的绿色方法.以卤代烃与硫代酰胺为原料,在水相中反应4 h,即可以较高收率得到预期产物,并可兼容多种官能团.与传统方法相比,该方法具有实验操作简单、反应绿色高效及原子经济等优点,并且可以实现克级制备,具有较高的应用价值.     

六胜肽片段的液相合成及组装研究

六胜肽是一种药妆肽,序列为Ac-Glu-Glu-Met-Gln-Arg-Arg-NH2,是相对安全的类肉毒素活性物质.拟用液相方法分别合成片段A[Ac-Glu(Ot Bu)-Glu(Ot Bu)-Met-OH]和片段B[H-Gln(Trt)-Arg-Arg-OH],然后将两个片段在固相载体上进行组装,经切割、纯化得到六胜肽产品,纯度大于98%,片段组装的收率为65%,并对组装反应的条件进行分析和讨论.该方法结合了固相和液相合成的优点,是一种成本低廉、收率较高和周期较短的六胜肽合成方法.     

硫肽类抗生素化学半合成修饰研究进展

硫肽类抗生素是一类由微生物次级代谢产生、富含硫元素并且氨基酸残基被高度修饰的核糖体肽类天然产物. 硫肽类抗生素具有包括抗感染、抗肿瘤和免疫抑制在内的一系列十分重要的生物活性, 并且其以核糖体为靶点的作用机制与目前临床上普遍使用的抗生素均不同, 这使得硫肽类抗生素发展潜力巨大, 但是其水溶性差、生物利用度低等问题限制了它们在临床上的应用. 为了提高硫肽类抗生素的理化性质, 研究者尝试用化学半合成、组合生物合成以及前体导向突变生物合成等方法对硫肽类抗生素的结构进行修饰. 硫肽类抗生素本身具有的复杂结构为其化学半合成修饰提供了众多的可修饰位点. 近年来, 对于硫肽类抗生素的化学半合成修饰研究发展迅速. 综述了近十年通过化学半合成修饰方法获得的硫肽类抗生素类似物的研究进展.     

HF‐Free Boc Synthesis of Peptide Thioesters for Ligation and Cyclization

We have developed a convenient method for the direct synthesis of peptide thioesters, versatile intermediates for peptide ligation and cyclic peptide synthesis. The technology uses a modified Boc SPPS strategy that avoids the use of anhydrous HF. Boc in situ neutralization protocols are used in combination with Merrifield hydroxymethyl resin and TFA/TMSBr cleavage. Avoiding HF extends the scope of Boc SPPS to post‐translational modifications that are compatible with the milder cleavage conditions, demonstrated here with the synthesis of the phosphorylated protein CHK2. Peptide thioesters give easy, direct, access to cyclic peptides, illustrated by the synthesis of cyclorasin, a KRAS inhibitor.     

Efficient Chemical Protein Synthesis using Fmoc-Masked N-Terminal Cysteine in Peptide Thioester Segments

We report an operationally simple method to facilitate chemical protein synthesis by fully convergent and one-pot native chemical ligations utilizing the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) moiety as an N-masking group of the N-terminal cysteine of the middle peptide thioester segment(s). The Fmoc group is stable to the harsh oxidative conditions frequently used to generate peptide thioesters from peptide hydrazide or o-aminoanilide. The ready availability of Fmoc-Cys(Trt)-OH, which is routinely used in Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis, where the Fmoc group is pre-installed on cysteine residue, minimizes additional steps required for the temporary protection of the N-terminal cysteinyl peptides. The Fmoc group is readily removed after ligation by short exposure (<7 min) to 20 % piperidine at pH 11 in aqueous conditions at room temperature. Subsequent native chemical ligation reactions can be performed in presence of piperidine in the same solution at pH 7.     

Leveraging the Knorr Pyrazole Synthesis for the Facile Generation of Thioester Surrogates for use in Native Chemical Ligation

Facile synthesis of C‐terminal thioesters is integral to native chemical ligation (NCL) strategies for chemical protein synthesis. We introduce a new method of mild peptide activation, which leverages solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) on an established resin linker and classical heterocyclic chemistry to convert C‐terminal peptide hydrazides into their corresponding thioesters via an acyl pyrazole intermediate. Peptide hydrazides, synthesized on established trityl chloride resins, can be activated in solution with stoichiometric acetyl acetone (acac), readily proceed to the peptide acyl pyrazoles. Acyl pyrazoles are mild acylating agents and are efficiently exchanged with an aryl thiol, which can then be directly utilized in NCL. The mild, chemoselective, and stoichiometric activating conditions allow this method to be utilized through multiple sequential ligations without intermediate purification steps.     

Efficient Chemical Protein Synthesis using Fmoc‐Masked N‐Terminal Cysteine in Peptide Thioester Segments

We report an operationally simple method to facilitate chemical protein synthesis by fully convergent and one‐pot native chemical ligations utilizing the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) moiety as an N‐masking group of the N‐terminal cysteine of the middle peptide thioester segment(s). The Fmoc group is stable to the harsh oxidative conditions frequently used to generate peptide thioesters from peptide hydrazide or o‐aminoanilide. The ready availability of Fmoc‐Cys(Trt)‐OH, which is routinely used in Fmoc solid‐phase peptide synthesis, where the Fmoc group is pre‐installed on cysteine residue, minimizes additional steps required for the temporary protection of the N‐terminal cysteinyl peptides. The Fmoc group is readily removed after ligation by short exposure (<7 min) to 20 % piperidine at pH 11 in aqueous conditions at room temperature. Subsequent native chemical ligation reactions can be performed in presence of piperidine in the same solution at pH 7.     

Protein‐Templated Peptide Ligation

Molecular templates bind particular reactants, thereby increasing their effective concentrations and accelerating the corresponding reaction. This concept has been successfully applied to a number of chemical problems with a strong focus on nucleic acid templated reactions. We present the first protein‐templated reaction that allows N‐terminal linkage of two peptides. In the presence of a protein template, ligation reactions were accelerated by more than three orders of magnitude. The templated reaction is highly selective and proved its robustness in a protein‐labeling reaction that was performed in crude cell lysate.     

蛋白质的化学全合成

含有非天然氨基酸的蛋白质（如翻译后修饰蛋白质、修饰有探针分子的蛋白质等）是化学生物学中重要的生理活性分子。这些分子难以通过生物表达来获取，而必须使用化学方法来合成。半胱氨酸肽片段连接方法是目前应用于蛋白质化学全合成中的一种重要方法，该方法能够在温和的水溶液中高效地实现肽片段的连接，从而生成天然或者非天然的蛋白质。本文系统地综述了半胱氨酸肽片段连接方法的基本原理，详细讨论了近年来人们对该方法的一些重要改进。最后又介绍了该方法在几类重要的蛋白质分子合成中的代表性应用。     

Synthesis of Histidine‐Containing Oligopeptides via Histidine‐Promoted Peptide Ligation

Histidine‐containing peptides are valuable therapeutic agents for a treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the synthesis of histidine‐containing peptides is not trivial due to the potential of imidazole sidechain of histidine to act as a nucleophile if unprotected. A peptide ligation method utilizing the imidazole sidechain of histidine has been developed. The key imidazolate intermediate that acts as an internal acyl transfer catalyst during ligation is generated by deprotonation. Transesterification with amino acids or peptides tethered with C‐terminal thioester followed by N→N acyl shifts led to the final ligated products. A range of histidine‐containing dipeptides could be synthesized in moderate to good yields via this method without protecting the imidazole sidechain. The protocol was further extended to tripeptide synthesis via a long‐range N→N acyl transfer, and tetrapeptide synthesis.