The Role of High-Velocity Electrons in a Hollow-Cathode Discharge

In this paper, the features of a low-pressure discharge in a hollow cathode are considered. It has been shown that a free mode can be realized with a double electric layer at the cathode and high density of the current of high-velocity electrons in the discharge bulk, considerably exceeding the current density at the cathode. In this case, the rate of ionization by high-velocity electrons considerably exceeds the rate of ionization by plasma electrons.     

Current Distribution Over the Hollow-Cathode Surface for a Low-Pressure Glow Discharge

Russian Physics Journal - The results of an investigation of a low-pressure hollow-cathode glow discharge are presented for the conditions where the cathode cavity depth is comparable with the...     

Gas-Discharge Sources with Charged-Particle Emission from the Plasma of a Hollow-Cathode Glow Discharge

The peculiarities of a magnetron discharge with a cold hollow cathode and an uncooled rod cathode are considered. It is shown that the thermionic emission of the rod cathode heated in the discharge makes a major contribution to the discharge characteristics and to the emissivity of the gas-discharge plasma and that a glow discharge can gradually change to the diffusion mode of operation of an arc discharge. Ion and electron sources with improved physical characteristics and general technical data are described. It has been demonstrated that the electrode structure of a hollow-cathode magnetron discharge holds promise not only as an emitting-plasma generator, but also as a source of atomic hydrogen and atomic flux of a consumable (sputtered and evaporated) rod cathode.     

The Regimes for Sustaining a Hollow-Cathode Glow Discharge with a Hot Filament Inside the Cavity

Russian Physics Journal - The results of investigations of a low-pressure hollow-cathode glow discharge with a hot filament (thermionic cathode) inside the cavity are presented. The current-voltage...     

Generation of Homogeneous Gas-Discharge Beam-Plasma Formations in an Extended Hollow-Cathode of a High-Current Glow Discharge

Russian Physics Journal - Regular features of the generation of gas-discharge beam-plasma formations formed in a high-current non-self-sustained glow discharge at low (≈1 Pa) pressure in an...     

快点火中相对论电子束能量沉积的动理学研究

针对相对论快电子束在高密度压缩芯区等离子体中的能量沉积过程开展物理建模、程序研制和数值模拟研究。从等离子体粒子碰撞的基本物理出发,综合考虑了高能电子与背景等离子体之间的短程两体碰撞过程和长程集体效应,建立了相对论Fokker-Planck动理学模型,通过采用球谐展开的方法,推导得到了适于数值求解的方程形式并根据方程特点开展相应的数值算法研究及程序研制并完成了物理考核,对快点火能量沉积的典型物理算例进行了模拟研究,并针对即将在神光Ⅱ升级装置上开展的快点火物理实验进行了初步的物理分析。     

Discharge initiation in a hollow-cathode plasma source of electrons

Experimental results on discharge initiation in a hollow-cathode plasma source of electrons are reported. The discharge is initiated by ions flowing out from the accelerating gap into the discharge region. The ions are generated by a high-voltage glowing discharge occurring in the accelerating gap at a pressure of more than 2 Pa and a voltage of no less than 2 kV. It is shown that an increase in the ion-electron emission coefficient, which can be raised by properly choosing the gas-metal pair, decreases the threshold ion current initiating the discharge at a fixed discharge voltage.     

快点火中相对论电子束能量沉积的动理学研究

针对相对论快电子束在高密度压缩芯区等离子体中的能量沉积过程开展物理建模、程序研制和数值模拟研究。从等离子体粒子碰撞的基本物理出发,综合考虑了高能电子与背景等离子体之间的短程两体碰撞过程和长程集体效应,建立了相对论Fokker-Planck动理学模型,通过采用球谐展开的方法,推导得到了适于数值求解的方程形式并根据方程特点开展相应的数值算法研究及程序研制并完成了物理考核,对快点火能量沉积的典型物理算例进行了模拟研究,并针对即将在神光Ⅱ升级装置上开展的快点火物理实验进行了初步的物理分析。     

Incoherent radiation of fast electrons in a crystalline undulator

Incoherent radiation of high-energy particles in a crystal is caused by the thermal scattering of atoms relative to their equilibrium lattice positions. An earlier developed procedure for incoherent radiation simulation is applied to the case of electron motion in a sinusoidally curved crystal. The simulation results agree with the data of recent experiments at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI).     

Incoherent radiation of fast electrons in a bent crystal

Incoherent bremsstrahlung of high-energy particles in a crystal is caused by the thermal scattering of atoms with regard to their equilibrium positions in the lattice. A previously developed procedure for the simulation of incoherent emission is applied to the case of electron motion in a sinusoidally bent crystal. The results of the simulation agree with the data of recent experiments at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI). The possibility for utilizing sinusoidally bent crystals as undulators is discussed.     

Resistivity, Heating and Radial Transport on the Axis of the Tokamak Discharge

In this work we present analytical and numerical results on the resistivity, heating and radial transport of particles momentum and heat on and near the minor axis of the Tokamak discharge. The crucial role of impurities is emphasized. Asymptotically exact electromagnetics and classical fluid dynamics are utilized to obtain first the case of the straight infinite cylinder. Toroidal effects are then included at the level of the Pfirsch-Schlüter theory. Analytical results from the complete model show the transport coefficients to be classical with enhanced values related to the presence of the impurity ions and the toroidal effects. Numerical results from a simpler simulation model are found to be in reasonable agreement with published experimental results from the ST-Tokamak.     

Some general problems of fast electrons transport

A generalization is given of the segments method in the form of a multistep method with generalized time for computing the transport of fast particles. The integral equation for a flow with generalized time in the phase space of variables is written under the assumption that the flow cuts the generalized time surface at right angles. The Green's function for the differential flow operator is the kernel of the integral equation. It is also shown that such an integral equation which can be obtained from a nonstationary kinetic equation provides a uniform consistent algorithm for solving either nonstationary or stationary problems. Examples of Green's functions are given for an operator of differential flow of fast electrons.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 8, pp. 110–114, August, 1974.The author would like to express his thanks to A. A. Vorob'ev and B. A. Kononov for their encouragement, to A. P. Yalovets for discussing the work with him, and to A. M. Kol'chuzhkin for going through the text.     

Collisions of fast electrons with positronium atoms

Summary Elastic and inelastic collisions of fast non-relativistic electrons with positronium atoms have been studies in the Born-Ochkur approximation. It has been shown that exchange plays an important role for transitions between states with the same parity as in this case the direct scattering amplitude vanishes. Numerical results for the total and ortho-para conversion cross-sections for the 1s→1s, 1s→2s and 1s→2p transitions have been presented for projectile energies varying from 0.1 to 10 keV. According to charge symmetry, presented results apply also to positron projectiles.     

Influence of fast heating of electrons on the optical properties of metals

We describe quantitatively how fast inhomogeneous heating of electrons influences the complex reflection coefficient of the s-polarized light wave. When the collision frequency of heated electrons is of the order of the field frequency, we observe a significant difference in values of the absorption coefficient and the phase shift of the reflected wave and the ones given by previous theoretical considerations.     

Energy losses and scattering of fast electrons in a dense plasma

This paper describes an algorithm for the calculation of specific energy losses and multiple scattering of fast electrons in a plasma, taking into account the interaction of the electrons of the beam with the bound and free plasma electrons and with the plasma. Results are presented of calculations for aluminum and lead plasmas with density 0.001-1 of normal and with temperature up to 1 keV for initial electron kinetic energy of 1 MeV. The energy-loss distribution in an aluminum plasma is calculated by the Monte-Carlo method.Tomsk Polytechnic University. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 112–116, September, 1993.     

Transition radiation of fast electrons as a broadband vacuum-ultraviolet radiation source

The characteristics of a possible radiation source in the vacuum-ultraviolet and soft X-ray range based on the transition radiation of electrons with an energy of about 100 keV are calculated. The possibilities of enhancing the radiation yield in the geometry of the glancing interaction of electrons with a target are analyzed. The possibility of creating a source with a yield on the order of 10^?5 photon/(eV sr) per electron is demonstrated.     

介质阻挡放电的电子密度及放电均匀性

建立介质阻挡放电实验系统,研究大气压下外加放电峰值电压和气体组分对气体放电效果的影响.实验研究表明,提高外加放电峰值电压,电子密度明显增加;添加氢气后,观察到明显的潘宁效应,并得出了大气压下获得气体均匀放电的途径.