氮杂冠醚研究Ⅺ．叔胺型氮杂冠醚的合成

１１种酰胺型氮杂冠醚用ＬｉＡｌＨ４－ＴＨＦ体系还原，高收率地合成了新的叔胺型氮杂冠醚；通过２，３－苯并－１０－氮杂－１，４，７，１３－四氧杂环十五－２－烯与丙烯腈进行氰乙基化反应，同样制得了一种新的叔胺型氮杂冠醚。１２种新化合物的结构均经元素分析、ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ和ＭＳ所证实。讨论了这类氮杂冠醚的质谱裂解过程     

氮支冠醚二硫代甲酸酯化合物的合成

报道合成氮支冠醚的一种新连接方法。２，３－苯并－１０－氮杂－１，４，７，１３－四氧杂环十五－２－烯与二疏化碳在氢氧化钠存在下反应生成胺基二硫代甲酸盐，然后与卤代烃连接，形成单、双、叁冠醚。     

稀土与1,4,7,10-四氧杂-13-氮杂-5∶6-苯并-十五烷-N-乙酸配合物的合成与表征

以邻苯二酚、２－氯乙醇、二乙醇胺和溴乙酸为原料，合成了一个新的配体——Ｎ－乙酸取代苯并氮杂冠醚。在无水乙醇中经置换反应，制得了九种稀土硫氰酸盐冠醚固体配合物，经元素分析确定其组成为ＲＥ（ＳＣＮ）２·Ｌ·２Ｈ２Ｏ（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｇｄ，Ｅｒ，Ｙ；Ｌ＝Ｎ－乙酸取代苯并氮杂冠醚）。用ＩＲ、ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ和电导测定等方法，研究了配合物的配位结构和性质。     

含硫套索冠醚的合成

将二氮杂１８－冠－６的乙腈溶液分别与２－氯乙基烷基硫醚、２－氯乙基烯丙基硫醚、［２－（２－ｒ氯乙基）硫乙基］烷基硫醚在无水碳酸钾存在下反应制得５种新型侧链上含硫原子的双臂套索冠醚和５种新型单臂套索冠醚。它们的收率分别为３７％－７２％和１３％－３７％。此法比其它制备单臂套索冠醚的方法操作简单。     

类氮杂冠醚聚合物催化合成α－对氯苄基－α－三唑基频哪酮的性能研究

本文用两种炎氮杂冠醚聚合物作三相催化剂，研究了其对α－对氯苄基－α－（１，２，４－三唑－１－基）频哪酮合成反应的催化性能，考察了催化剂用量，反应介质和反应时间等条件对产率的影响。结果表明，含叔氨结构的类氮杂冠醚聚合物（Ⅱ）在苯及苯－水溶剂中均有良好的活性和较好的重复催化性能，而含仲胺结构的相应聚合物（Ⅰ）活性较差。     

大环硫氮冠醚金属配合物的研究──Ⅱ．1，4，10，13－四硫－7，16－二氮杂环十八烷硝酸铜配合物的合成、结构及立体化学

作为系统研究大环硫氮杂冠醚配合物的第二部分，合成了四硫二氮杂环十八冠的硝酸铜配合物［Ｃｕ（Ｃ＿（１２）Ｈ＿（２６）Ｎ＿２Ｓ＿４）］·（ＮＯ＿３）＿２·Ｈ＿２Ｏ，测定了元素分析和红外光谱。利用Ｘ－射线衍射分析方法，测定其晶体结构。晶体学参数ａ＝１７．５７６（４），ｂ＝１１．７５３（３），ｃ＝１０．４８５（５），Ｖ＝２１６３．９（７），Ｚ＝４，Ｄ＿ｃ＝１．６３２ｇ／ｃｍ￣３，Ｆ（０００）＝１１０８，μ＝１．４２ｃｍ￣（－１）（ＭｏＫα），最终偏离因子Ｒ＝０．０３２和Ｒｗ＝０．０３４。晶体测定结果表明：有杂原子组成的四硫二氮大环冠醚比含氧冠醚有更大的柔变性；四硫二氮大环冠醚与Ｃｕ离子配位前后，大环的构象发生了变化。     

冠醚共缩聚物的合成与性能（Ⅱ）

采用２，６－二羟甲基苯酚类化合物分别与单苯并冠醚（Ｂ１５Ｃ５、Ｂ１８Ｃ６）和二苯并冠醚（２Ｂ１８Ｃ６、２Ｂ２４Ｃ８、２Ｂ３０Ｃ１０）在酸催化下缩聚，合成了不同两个系列冠醚共缩聚物，这些聚合物Ｍ＝１２００－４５００，可溶于氯仿等溶剂，萃取性能和络合选择性均有所提高。作为树脂使用，动态吸附容量为０．０５－０．１５ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ，并有较好的色谱特性。     

胆甾液晶二氮杂冠醚—Eu（Ⅲ）配合物LB膜和荧光性质研究

研究了胆甾液晶二氮杂冠醚Ｎ，Ｎ′－双（胆甾－５－烯－３β－氧羰甲基）－１，１０－二氮－４，７，１３，１６－四氧环十八烷（１）及其与Ｅｕ＾３＋的配合物（２），２一苯甲酸的混配物（３）的ＬＢ膜和荧光性质，结果表明：１，２和３在水溶液亚相液面形成稳定的单分子膜，但只有１的单分子面积受亚相ｐＨ的影响１，２和３的单分子膜都容易转移到石英基片上形成ＬＢ膜，其中２和３为Ｘ型，转移比分别为０．６和１．０，在ＬＢ膜     

氮杂冠醚研究Ⅶ,双仲胺型氮杂冠醚对过渡金属离子的选择性萃取…

合成了五种新型双仲胺型氮杂冠醚，研究了它们对过渡金属离子进行液－液萃取，并用原子吸收不测定其浓度。实验结果表明：这类冠醚对Ａｇ＾＋，Ｐｄ＾２＾＋，和Ｐｔ＾４＾＋等贵金属离子有较强的选择配位性能，对选择性分离这些金属离子有重要的意义。     

含氮杂冠醚结构单元的吲哚啉螺苯并吡喃的合成和性质

含氮杂冠醚结构单元的吲哚啉螺苯并吡喃的合成和性质伍新燕吴成泰＊（武汉大学化学系武汉４３００７２）关键词氮杂冠醚，螺吡喃，合成，性质１９９７－０６－０５收稿，１９９７－１２－０８修回国家自然科学基金和国家教委博士点专项基金资助项目含冠醚结构单元的吲哚啉...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。