退火温度和溅射时间对磁控溅射法制备Mg2Si薄膜的影响

采用磁控溅射法和原位退火工艺在钠钙玻璃衬底上制备 Mg2Si 薄膜。首先在钠钙玻璃衬底上交替溅射沉积两层Si、Mg 薄膜,冷却至室温后原位退火4 h,制备出一系列 Mg2Si 薄膜样品。通过 X 射线衍射仪(XRD) 、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得薄膜样品的晶体结构和表面形貌进行表征, 讨论了退火温度和溅射Si/Mg/Si/Mg 时间对制备 Mg2Si 薄膜的影响。结果表明,采用磁控溅射法在钠钙玻璃衬底上交替溅射两层Si、Mg 薄膜, 通过原位退火方式成功制备出单一相的 Mg2Si 薄膜,溅射Si/Mg/Si/Mg 的时间为12.5/9/12.5/9 min,退火温度为550 ℃ 时,制备的 Mg2Si 薄膜结晶度最好,连续性和致密性最强。这对后续 Mg2Si 薄膜器件的设计与制备提供了重要的参考。 积两层Si、Mg 薄膜, 冷却至室温后原位退火4 h, 制备出一系列 Mg2Si 薄膜样品. 通过 X 射线衍射仪(XRD) 、 扫描 电子显微镜(SEM)对所得薄膜样品的晶体结构和表面形貌进行表征, 讨论了退火温度和溅射Si/Mg/Si/Mg 时间 对制备 Mg2Si 薄膜的影响. 结果表明, 采用磁控溅射法在钠钙玻璃衬底上交替溅射两层Si、Mg 薄膜, 通过原位退火 方式成功制备出单一相的 Mg2Si 薄膜, 溅射Si/Mg/Si/Mg 的时间为12.5/9/12.5/9 min, 退火温度为550 ℃ 时, 制 备的 Mg2Si 薄膜结晶度最好, 连续性和致密性最强. 这对后续 Mg2Si 薄膜器件的设计与制备提供了重要的参考.     

不同衬底和CdCl2退火对磁控溅射CdS薄膜性能的影响

在科宁7059玻璃, FTO, ITO, AZO四种衬底上磁控溅射CdS薄膜, 并在CdCl₂+干燥空气380 ℃退火, 分别研究了不同衬底和退火工艺对CdS薄膜形貌、结构和光学性能的影响. 扫描电子显微镜形貌表明: 不同衬底原位溅射CdS薄膜的形貌不同, 退火后相应CdS薄膜的晶粒度和表面粗糙度明显增大. XRD衍射图谱表明: 不同衬底原位溅射和退火CdS薄膜均为六角相和立方相的混相结构, 退火前后科宁7059玻璃, FTO, AZO衬底上CdS薄膜有 H(002)/C(111) 最强衍射峰, ITO衬底原位溅射CdS薄膜没有明显的最强衍射峰, 退火后出现 H(002)/(111) 最强衍射峰. 紫外-可见分光光度计分析表明: AZO, FTO, ITO, 科宁7059玻璃衬底CdS薄膜的可见光平均透过率依次减小, 退火后相应衬底CdS薄膜的可见光平均透过率增大, 光学吸收系数降低; 退火显著增大了不同衬底CdS薄膜的光学带隙. 分析得出: 上述结果是由于不同衬底类型和退火工艺对CdS多晶薄膜的形貌、结构和带尾态掺杂浓度改变的结果. 关键词： CdS薄膜 磁控溅射 退火再结晶 带尾态     

快速热退火对Co/Si0.85Geo.15肖特基结电学特性的影响

用离子束溅射技术分别在SiO2和单晶Si衬底上沉积了Si1-xGex和Co薄膜.在不同温度下,对Co/Si1-xGex肖特基结进行快速热退火处理(RTA),对处理后的样品进行了表面形貌和电学测量.发现退火温度升高,样品表面粗糙度变大,理想因子也变大,但对肖特基势垒高度(SBH)的影响很小.分析认为,随着退火温度的升高,...     

不同退火方式对Ni/SiC接触界面性质的影响

采用快速热退火(rapid thermal annealing, RTA)法和脉冲激光辐照退火(laser spark annealing, LSA)法, 在n型4H-SiC的Si面制备出Ni电极欧姆接触. 经传输线法测得RTA样品与LSA样品的比接触电阻分别为5.2×10^-4 Ω·cm², 1.8× 10^-4 Ω·cm². 使用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱等表征手段, 比较了两种退火方式对电极表面形貌、电极/衬底截面形貌和元素成分分布、SiC衬底近表层碳团簇微结构的影响. 结果表明, 相比于RTA, LSA法制备出的欧姆接触在电极表面形貌、界面形貌、电极层组分均匀性等方面都具有明显优势, 有望使LSA成为一种非常有潜力的制备欧姆接触的退火处理方法.     

退火时间对MgB_2超导薄膜的影响

在多晶A l2O3衬底上,以B2H6作为硼源,化学气相沉积先驱B薄膜,采用Mg扩散方法,在不同退火时间条件下制备了MgB2超导薄膜。通过电阻-温度曲线测量、X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜形貌观测方法,研究了退火时间对MgB2薄膜的超导特性、晶体结构、表面形貌的影响。     

连续离子层吸附反应沉积后硫化法制备柔性铜锌锡硫薄膜太阳电池

在柔性钼箔衬底上采用连续离子层吸附反应法(successive ionic layer absorption and reaction)制备ZnS/Cu2SnSx叠层结构的预制层薄膜,预制层薄膜在蒸发硫气氛、550 C温度条件下进行退火得到Cu2ZnSnS4吸收层.分别采用EDS,XRD,Raman,SEM表征吸收层薄膜的成分、物相和表面形貌.结果表明,退火后薄膜结晶质量良好,表面形貌致密.用在普通钠钙玻璃上采用相同工艺制备的CZTS薄膜表征薄膜的光学和电学性能,表明退火后薄膜带隙宽度为1.49 eV,在可见光区光吸收系数大于104cm 1,载流子浓度与电阻率均满足薄膜太阳电池器件对吸收层的要求.用上述柔性衬底上的吸收层制备Mo foil/CZTS/CdS/i-ZnO/ZnO:Al/Ag结构的薄膜太阳电池得到2.42%的效率,是目前报道柔性CZTS太阳电池最高效率.     

紫外光电材料ZnO的反应溅射制备及研究

采用直流反应溅射法分别在Si(111),Si(001),及K4玻璃衬底上制备ZnO薄膜,研究了氧氩比、衬底温度以及退火处理对于晶体结晶质量的影响,发现生长过程中的退火处理提高了薄膜质量和晶面取向.通过优化生长条件,在衬底温度为350℃,氧氩比为1:2的条件下生长出了XRD半高宽为01°、C轴取向高度一致的ZnO薄膜.     

Mn掺杂对热蒸发制备Mg_(2-x)Mn_xSi薄膜结构和电学特性的影响

采用热蒸发镀膜方法制备Mg_(2-x)Mn_xSi(原子比x=0.00,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08)半导体薄膜.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微(AFM)对Mg_(2-xMn_xSi薄膜样品的晶体结构和表面形貌进行表征,用四探针仪测试样品的电阻率,研究Mn掺杂量对Mg2Si薄膜结构和电阻率的影响.结果表明,在Si(111)衬底上制备Mg_(2-xMn_xSi多晶薄膜,其衍射峰(220)、(200)和(111)随Mn含量的增加逐渐增强.当x=0.02-0.06时,制备的Mg_(2-xMn_xSi薄膜具有较低的平均粗糙度和RMS(Root Mean Square)粗糙度.Mn掺杂降低了Mg2Si薄膜的电阻率,且电阻率随着掺杂量的增加呈现下降趋势.     

退火处理对磁控溅射制备LaCoO_3薄膜性能的影响

采用磁控溅射法在硅衬底上制备了LaCoO_3(LCO)薄膜,研究了退火温度对LCO薄膜组织结构、表面形貌及热电特性的影响,并利用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜(AFM)、激光导热仪等对LCO薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌、热扩散系数等进行测量与表征.结果表明:退火温度对LCO薄膜的结晶度、晶粒尺寸和薄膜表面形貌都有较大影响;退火前后LCO薄膜的热扩散系数都随温度的升高而减小,且变化速率逐渐减缓; LCO薄膜的热扩散系数随退化温度的升高先增大后减小.LCO薄膜经过700℃退火后得到最佳的综合性能,其薄膜表面致密、平整,结晶质量最好,热扩散系数最小,热电性能最好.     

Sn1-x(In1-yCuy)xO薄膜的合成

利用真空反应蒸发技术,在氧分压约为8.5×10-2Pa、衬底温度为400℃条件下蒸发高纯度的铟、锡和铜,在玻璃衬底上制备出Sn1-x(In1-yCuy)xO薄膜.研究了蒸发源材料质量比不同的样品的薄膜结构、透过率、薄膜的方块电阻和电阻率与温度的关系.实验结果表明,Sn1-x(In1-yCuy)xO透明导电薄膜具有优良的光电特性,而且制备出的Sn1-x(In1-yCuy)xO薄膜中In的含量大大减少,可以成为ITO薄膜的潜在替代材料.     

利用等时退火法预估等温退火效应实验研究

对电离辐照损伤后的MOS器件的等温和等时退火特性进行了研究，结果发现，首先，100℃等 温退火是有效的，等时退火所需的全过程时间最短；其次，+5V栅偏压退火相对于0V和浮空 偏置条件，阈值电压恢复速度快、恢复程度大；最后，利用等时退火数据对等温效应进行了 理论预估，实验等温曲线和预估结果吻合得较好. 关键词： 等温退火 等时退火 MOS器件     

Effect of annealing on magnetoimpedance of Co68Fe4Zr10Cu2B16 ribbons

Magnetoimpedance (MI) in Co₆₈Fe₄Zr₁₀Cu₂B₁₆ alloy has been investigated in the frequency range 500 kHz–5 MHz and with the application of external steady magnetic field in the longitudinal direction, up to 100 Oe. MI measurements were carried out on as-cast ribbons and also on conventionally annealed and Joule-annealed ribbons. In as cast ribbons, the maximum MI observed is 13% at a frequency of 500 kHz and it decreases to 5% and 4% with conventional annealing at 100 °C and 150 °C, respectively. On the other hand, MI decreases to 8% and 6% with Joule annealing employing currents of 100 mA and 200 mA, respectively. However, Joule annealing with the application of a magnetic field of 5–10 Oe in the transverse direction causes the MI to decrease to 12% and 11% for currents of 100 mA and 200 mA, respectively. In the as-cast ribbons, double peak behavior is observed in all the frequencies whereas, in the annealed ribbons, double peak behavior in general is observed only at high frequencies.     

溶剂预处理结合热退火提升聚噻吩结晶度及其光伏性能

活性层的微观形貌在很大程度上决定了聚合物光伏器件的性能表现并依赖于制备工艺条件。为了改善薄膜内部分子排布结构并追求较高的器件光电转化效率,采用溶液法制备了基于P3HT∶PCBM的聚合物太阳能电池(器件结构:ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/P3HT∶PCBM/Al),通过改变器件制备流程中活性层退火处理工艺,研究了热退火、溶剂退火以及溶剂预处理结合热处理的双重退火对聚合物太阳电池性能的影响。研究发现:双重退火的光伏器件的各项性能参数均优于单一退火处理器件,获得了3.25%的光电转化效率。原子力显微镜及X射线衍射仪的表征结果进一步证明:双重退火处理能够在促进聚合物给体良好有序结晶的同时保证共混组分适度地相分离,从而有利于光生激子的解离以及载流子的传输。     

溶剂预处理结合热退火提升聚噻吩结晶度及其光伏性能

活性层的微观形貌在很大程度上决定了聚合物光伏器件的性能表现并依赖于制备工艺条件。为了改善薄膜内部分子排布结构并追求较高的器件光电转化效率,采用溶液法制备了基于P3HT：PCBM的聚合物太阳能电池（器件结构:ITO/PEDOT：PSS/P3HT：PCBM/Al）,通过改变器件制备流程中活性层退火处理工艺,研究了热退火、溶剂退火以及溶剂预处理结合热处理的双重退火对聚合物太阳电池性能的影响。研究发现:双重退火的光伏器件的各项性能参数均优于单一退火处理器件,获得了3.25%的光电转化效率。原子力显微镜及X射线衍射仪的表征结果进一步证明:双重退火处理能够在促进聚合物给体良好有序结晶的同时保证共混组分适度地相分离,从而有利于光生激子的解离以及载流子的传输。     

Crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon films with laser and thermal annealing

The crystallization of silicon rich hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbon films prepared by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition technique has been induced by excimer laser annealing as well as thermal annealing. The excimer laser energy density (E_d) and the annealing temperature were varied from 123 to 242 mJ/cm² and from 250 to 1200 °C respectively. The effects of the two crystallization processes on the structural properties and bonding configurations of the films have been studied. The main results are that for the laser annealed samples, cubic SiC crystallites are formed for E_d ≥ 188 mJ/cm², while for the thermal annealed samples, micro-crystallites SiC and polycrystalline hexagonal SiC are observed for the annealing temperature of 800 and 1200 °C respectively. The crystallinity degree has been found to improve with the increase in the laser energy density as well as with the increase in the annealing temperature.     

Nonstationary Markov chains and convergence of the annealing algorithm

We study the asymptotic behavior as timet + of certain nonstationary Markov chains, and prove the convergence of the annealing algorithm in Monte Carlo simulations. We find that in the limitt + , a nonstationary Markov chain may exhibit phase transitions. Nonstationary Markov chains in general, and the annealing algorithm in particular, lead to biased estimators for the expectation values of the process. We compute the leading terms in the bias and the variance of the sample-means estimator. We find that the annealing algorithm converges if the temperatureT(t) goes to zero no faster thanC/log(t/t ₀) ast+, with a computable constantC andt ₀ the initial time. The bias and the variance of the sample-means estimator in the annealing algorithm go to zero likeO(t^–1+) for some 0<1, with =0 only in very special circumstances. Our results concerning the convergence of the annealing algorithm, and the rate of convergence to zero of the bias and the variance of the sample-means estimator, provide a rigorous procedure for choosing the optimal annealing schedule. This optimal choice reflects the competition between two physical effects: (a) The adiabatic effect, whereby if the temperature is loweredtoo abruptly the system may end up not in a ground state but in a nearby metastable state, and (b) the super-cooling effect, whereby if the temperature is loweredtoo slowly the system will indeed approach the ground state(s) but may do so extremely slowly.     

Quantum annealing by ferromagnetic interaction with the mean-field scheme

Quantum annealing is a novel method for combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we discuss the appropriate choice of quantum fluctuations in quantum annealing. The existence of room of choices of quantum fluctuations is an advantage of quantum annealing over simulated annealing. We consider the ferromagnetic interaction as a source of quantum fluctuations. Using the mean-field annealing scheme, we show that quantum annealing by ferromagnetic interaction is more efficient than the conventional quantum annealing and simulated annealing in the ground state search of the random-field Ising model.     

电解有机溶液法在Si表面制备类金刚石薄膜及退火对其结构的影响

在对不同有机溶剂分子结构分析的基础上,选取甲醇、DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)和乙腈溶液为碳源,以脉冲直流电源电解有机溶液的方法在Si片上制得了含氢类金刚石薄膜(DLC薄膜),并研究了退火对薄膜结构的影响.通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS),喇曼(Raman)和红外(IR)光谱对薄膜的结构进行了分析表征.XPS表明薄膜的主要成分为C,喇曼光谱显示所得薄膜为典型DLC薄膜.喇曼和红外光谱还表明,膜中含有大量H并且主要键合于sp³碳处.随着退火的进行薄膜中的H被去除.随温度升高薄膜电阻率的下 关键词： 类金刚石薄膜 退火     

Sequence alignment using simulated annealing

We apply simulated annealing to amino acid sequence alignment, a fundamental problem in bioinformatics, particularly relevant to evolution. Our goal was obtaining results comparable to those reached through dynamic programming algorithms, like the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm, as well as making a connection between physics and bioinformatics through a representative example.