线性压缩机与气动斯特林冷指效率匹配研究

为了解决制冷机实验中线性压缩机与冷指不匹配的问题,本文以热声学理论为基础,对线性压缩机与冷指的匹配规律探索研究。基于压缩活塞的运动控制微分方程、电机的电压平衡方程和整机的阻抗特性,研究压缩机电机效率和PV功转化效率的影响因素和提高方法。在匹配原理的指导下,对一台双磁钢动磁式线性压缩机驱动的气动分置式斯特林制冷机进行优化分析,优化后,制冷机获得6 W/80 K制冷性能所需的电功从163.5 W降低到86.8 W,压缩机的电机效率从68.6%提高到79.6%。     

制冷用线性压缩机结构设计与动力分析

介绍了制冷用线性压缩机结构中活塞组件、容量调节机构和气阀等设计选型的解决方法,提出一种以R134a为工质,冷量为2kW的线性压缩机设计方案。建立线性压缩机动力系统数学模型,并对模型中主要非线性因素气体力进行分析,以活塞运动方向为判据区分压缩机的工作过程,最后通过MATLAB/Simulink平台建模仿真,分析动力系统设计参数对制冷用线性压缩机动力性能的影响。     

低温制冷机用线性压缩机效率的理论及实验研究

为了提高低温制冷机整机效率,基于力的平衡及电压平衡方程理论,分析了线性压缩机电机效率及电功转化为活塞表面声功效率的影响因素;并对线性压缩机效率进行了实验测量;理论与实验吻合较好;电机效率、电功转化为声功效率测量值与理论值偏差分别在3%及7%以内.最后对冷指确定时线性压缩机的优化设计方法进行了总结.     

斯特林用直线压缩机的研究

斯特林直线压缩机的性能决定了斯特林制冷机的性能和寿命,阐述了动圈式和动磁式斯特林用直线压缩机的发展及结构特点,并介绍了斯特林直线压缩机的设计计算模型,给出了电机效率与动子质量和角频率的关系,这是斯特林直线压缩机设计的重要控制指标。     

10W@80K分置式气体轴承斯特林制冷机研究

为了同时满足冷量、重量、振动、寿命以及环境适应性的需求,开展了分置式气体轴承斯特林制冷机的研发。以气体轴承线性压缩机为驱动源,设计了一款大冷量分置式气体轴承斯特林制冷机。优选了制冷机的设计参数,系统研究了制冷机的运行频率、充气压力、降温时间与制冷量的变化规律,进行了相关实验研究,压缩机输入240Wac,制冷机输出性能指标达到10.2W@80K,验证了制冷机设计的合理性。     

液氮温区高效脉冲管制冷机的特性研究

本文介绍了由线性压缩机驱动直线型脉冲管制冷机的最新研究结果。根据压缩机参数,依靠线性热声计算程序,优化出10 W级直线型脉冲管制冷机,并使得制冷机入口阻抗能够与压缩机匹配。实验结果表明,由于制冷机与压缩机之间耦合较好,压缩机在达到较好的声电效率的同时,制冷机也拥有较高的相对卡诺效率。其中最好的结果为在输入电功为127 W、制冷温度为77 K的情况下获得了9.4 W的制冷量,整机相对卡诺效率达到了19.8%。文中给出了不同压力、不同调相机构下的压缩机及制冷机特性并对结果进行了分析。     

高效率电磁驱动直线压缩机的研究

本文设计了一台用以驱动热声制冷机的永磁长动圈式无阀型线性压缩机。文章从基本的方程出发给出了线性压缩机设计的思路。在数值计算方面细致地考察了线性压缩机各参数,如动质量、弹簧刚度、频率响应以及声学负载等参数的影响,为实际模型的设计提供了参考。     

超低温离心式冷压缩机通流部分设计与分析

冷压缩机设计目标总压比为15,设计为三级串联运行,设计压比分别为3.2,2.5,1.875,压缩工质为超低温负压氦气。通过气动计算与模拟优化,得到了合理的三级冷压缩机各级转速与各项几何参数。通过CFD模拟计算,得到了三级冷压缩机在设计工况下的流量、压比和等熵效率值。并以第一级为例,对压缩机内部模拟流场进行了分析,表明设计冷压缩机内部流场压力分布均匀,没有出现较大的流动分离与激波。通过对各级冷压缩机选取大量工况点进行模拟计算,得到了各级的预估工作性能曲线。结果表明,各级的设计都满足流量范围随级数增加而增大的要求,且各级目标工况处都在该级的高效区范围内,能够满足设计目标。     

线性压缩机整体及局部缩放的理论及实验研究

基于广泛使用于脉冲管制冷机的动圈式线性压缩机的结构及设计方程,讨论分析了该类压缩机的缩放法则及其基本原理,并归纳总结了具体的缩放实施方法。在整体缩放法则基础上提出了动圈式线性压缩机的局部缩放理论及方法,并对其进行了系统的理论分析和实验验证。     

线性压缩机RC负载测量法

与传统的位移传感器测量方法相比,RC负载法通过在线性压缩机出口连接阀门(R)和气库(C)来模拟阻抗特性,可以直接测量压缩机出口PV功,是一种非接触的无损检测方法,且具有装配简单的优点。此外,RC负载还可以直接用来模拟制冷机冷头阻抗,从而为压缩机与冷头之间的匹配提供参考。本文首先对线性压缩机进行建模计算,进而开展了线性压缩机驱动RC负载的实验研究,验证了该方法的有效性。     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Nonlocal potentials and their exact and approximate local and velocity-dependent equivalents

We show that good approximations to the exact equivalent local potential (ELP) and damping factor of a nonlocal Perey-Buck potential can be calculated in the partial wave WKB approximation of Horiuchi. The exact ELP and damping factor are obtained by means of a method previously given by one of us. We also confirm that an approximate ELP proposed by Bauhoff et al. is of comparable accuracy as the Horiuchi approximation. Thesel-dependent ELP's exhibit reduced attraction in the interior and provide a test for higher order WKB approximations. We subsequently obtain an equivalent velocity dependent potential (EVDP) which is even exactly wave function equivalent to the original nonlocal potential. This almost local potential, unlike the trivial equivalent local potential, is smooth and well-behaved and is therefore particularly useful in nuclear reactions where the off-shell behaviour of the potential is important.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

Muonic and pionic L- and M-series in carbon and oxygen and the pionic 2p level shift and width of oxygen

Muonic and pionic X-rays of the L- and M-series in C and O have been measured with a Si(Li) detector in the energy range between 7 keV and 60 keV. The target consisted of mylar (C₅H₄O₂). Energies and intensities of 21 transitions have been determined. The strong interaction shift of the pionic 2p level in O was measured and found to be +4.1 ±2.3 eV. The measured width of this level is 11±6 eV. The measured yields have been compared with cascade calculations.     

Atomic and electronic structures and stability of icosahedral nanodiamonds and onions

The relative stability of alternative carbon nanoparticles with icosahedral symmetry, such as diamond-like nanocrystallites and multiwalled fullerenes (onions), is investigated using the parametric model and the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method. It is demonstrated that an increase in the size of particles and their hydrogenation favor the stabilization of diamond-like nanocrystallites. The formation of “intermediate” nanostructures consisting of diamond-like nanocrystallites inside the fullerene cage is revealed. The electronic spectra of icosahedral carbon nanoparticles are calculated.