离子液体[BMIM][BF_4]水溶液比热容及热工特性分析

离子液体在化工和能源领域应用研究中,其比热及热工特性尤为重要,然而目前相关的比热数据较缺乏.研究主要对离子液体[BMIM][BF4]及其水溶液的比热容进行了测定.测试系统采用耐驰DSC204HP低温高压差热仪,测试精度较高且稳定可靠.实验测试的温度范围为273.15K~423.15K,测试的离子液体摩尔浓度分别为1.0...     

离子液体[BMIM]BF4+H2O汽液相平衡实验研究

离子液体[BMIM]]BF4具有较高的热稳定性,且与水有很好的互溶性,其水溶液在分离、萃取等化工和制冷、热泵等吸收式能量转换系统中的应用受到重视,急需较完整的相平衡实验数据.本文对离子液体[BMIM]BF4+H2O二元体系的汽液相平衡(蒸汽压)特性进行较大温度和压力范围的测定.测试系统采用了双温浴控温方式,获得较高测试...     

EMIMAC和HMIMCl及其水溶液热力学特性实验研究

离子液体+水作为吸收式制冷工质对具有诸多优点,其热力学性质是衡量工质对优劣及热力学计算的重要基础数据.本文研究两种水溶性离子液体EMIMAC和HMIMCl及其水溶液的热力学性质,主要对这两种离子液体及其水溶液的密度和比热进行测定.密度测试采用比重天平,比热测试采用耐驰DSC204HP低温高压差热仪,测试精度较高且测试系统稳定可靠.密度实验测试的温度范围为298.15～393.15K,比热实验测试温度范围为283.15～413.15K,测试的离子液体摩尔浓度分别为1,0.8,0.6,0.4,0.2,0.研究结果为这两种离子液体的吸收式制冷应用提供了可靠的热物性数据.     

离子液体[EMIm]Ac比热容、导热系数及黏度的研究

本文通过实验研究,测定在一定温度范围内,离子液体[EMIm]Ac及摩尔分数分别为0.8、0.6、0.4和0.2的[EMIm]Ac水溶液的比热容、导热系数及黏度。实验结果表明:比热容和黏度受温度影响较大,比热容随温度升高而增大;黏度随温度升高而急剧减小;导热系数受温度影响较小;添加水后,随着水含量的增加即水溶液摩尔分数的减小,比热容增大,相比于纯离子液体,比热容最高增加70%;导热系数最高增加35%;其黏度急剧减小,最高减小82%。本文的研究结果为[EMIm]Ac及其水溶液在吸收式制冷方面的应用研究提供了可靠的数据。     

NH_3-H_2O-[P4444]Cl体系气液相平衡测定

基于氨水工质对的吸收式制冷和热泵技术中,氨和水分离时需要精馏而产生大量能耗。针对这一缺陷,本文提出改良措旋:将离子液体[P4444]Cl作为添加剂加入氨水中,组成分离能耗较低的新工质体系。利用等温合成法,本工作测定了[P4444]Cl水溶液浓度为33.33%(质量分数)的NH3-H_2O-[P4444]Cl体系在温度范围0~60℃、压力范围0~650kPa时的气液相平衡数据,并采用多项式方程对实验数据进行拟合得到模型参数。最后,本工作还讨论了该工质体系的其他热物性作为进一步开发的参考。     

离子液体[Emim]Br水溶液的密度和超额体积

离子液体作为一种新的环境友好的溶剂,拥有作为吸收式工质对的优良特性.本文对离子液体[Emim]Br及其水溶液的热力学性质进行了研究,使用DMA-55型精密数字密度计测定了[Emim]Br-水二元混合物在298.15 K,308.15K和318.15 K三个温度下全浓度范围内的密度数据,关联得出密度与组成和温度的关系式.计算了三个温度下混合物的超额体积,并用六参数Redlich-Kister方程进行关联.     

以TFE-[BMIm][Br]为工质对的吸收式制冷循环性能分析

本文选择含离子液体体系TFE-[BMIm][Br]作为吸收式制冷循环的工质体系,基于文献数据给出了计算TFE-[BMIm][Br]热物性模型,建立并联双效吸收式制冷循环的模拟程序,分别考察了四种双效并联制冷流程中溶液换热器的热交换效率、蒸发温度、吸收温度以及发生温度对系统性能、溶液循环倍率以及系统操作压力的影响.探索新工质对TFE-[BMIm][Br]的可行性,确定了TFE-[BMIm][Br]双效并联吸收式制冷循环的适宜的运行操作范围以及适宜的流程方案.     

[APMim]Br离子液体溶液水含量对CO_2溶解度影响

1-氨丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴([APMim]]Br)功能型离子液体对CO_2具有良好的选择吸收特性,在二氧化碳吸收工程领域将有较好的应用前景。对于[APMim]Br离子液体水溶液体系,只有当水含量足够大才能有效地实现流体对CO_2的有效吸收,而且在有效吸收区间(水含量大于55%)水含量多少对溶液体系CO_2吸收效率有着非常显著的影响。为此在密闭石英玻璃反应釜内,测定5~75℃,0.1~7.6 MPa范围内,CO_2在水的质量分数w(H_2O)为0.5590、0.6578、0.7680和0.8576的[APMim]Br水溶液中的溶解特性。实验结果表明,低压下化学吸收占主导作用,随水含量增大,溶液体系对CO_2溶解度成倍增加,而且产生的物理吸收效应远大于离子液体本身的化学吸收能力。在水的质量分数在0.65~0.85区间,[APMim]Br水溶液在相当大的温度和压力范围内具有优良的CO_2吸放气特性,显示出良好的工程应用前景。     

紫外光谱法检测水中咪唑类离子液体的含量

介绍了用紫外光谱测定水中离子液体含量的方法。测定了7种离子液体([C4mim][Cl]、[C4mim][BF4]、[C4mim][PF6]、[C5mim][Cl]、[C6mim][BF4]、[C8mim][Cl]和[C8mim][BF4])的最大吸收波长,并且绘制了校准曲线。结果表明,在实验试剂用量范围内,离子液体在波长211nm附近的吸光度与浓度呈线性关系,其线性相关系数均大于0.999。说明用紫外光谱法检测水中离子液体含量简单、快速且测定结果准确可靠。     

温度对吡啶离子液体性质影响的分子动力学模拟研究

运用分子动力学模拟方法研究了温度对三种吡啶离子液体[BPy][BF_4]、[HPy][BF_4]、[OPy][BF_4]热力学性质的影响,得到了每个体系的密度、自扩散系数、电导率和黏度等.研究结果表明:随着温度升高,同一种离子液体的密度减小,阴阳离子的自扩散系数明显增大,电导率升高,而黏度降低.在同一温度下,随着阳离子上烷基链的增长,离子液体的密度减小,但热力学性质的变化规律并不完全同步.烷基链长最短的[BPy][BF_4]的自扩散系数和电导率在每个温度下均为最大,而黏度最小;但烷基碳链更长的[OPy][BF_4]和[HPy][BF_4]的各种性质相差不大,甚至当温度大于323 K时,烷基链较长的[OPy][BF_4]的自扩散系数比[HPy][BF_4]的大.     

Ionic liquid; possibility of protein-preserving solvent under high pressure

We have investigated the pressure-induced phase transition behavior (～3.0 GPa) of aqueous 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim][Cl]) solutions with N-methylacetamide (NMA), which is a simple protein model compound, using Raman spectroscopy. From Raman spectral changes and optical observation in the sequence of elevated pressure, we found that the aqueous [bmim][Cl] solution with NMA in the water-rich condition induces the high pressure crystallization at 2.6 GPa. On the other hand, in the [bmim][Cl]-rich condition, high pressure crystalline phase was not observed even up to 3.0 GPa. Our results show that the aqueous [bmim][Cl] solution in the ionic liquid-rich condition along with the use of pressure has a potential for protein-preserving solvent.     

液体工质对气液热声发动机性能影响的实验研究

采用气液耦合振动是降低热声发动机谐振频率和提升其压力振幅的一种有效途径。为了研究液体工质对于气液热声发动机性能的影响,本文针对水、室温离子液体[EMIM][BF₄]、20%氯化钾溶液、40%和50%甲酸钾溶液五种液体工质进行了实验研究和分析。实验数据显示,在相同加热功率下,采用50%甲酸钾溶液时系统谐振频率最低,而水工质对应的谐振频率最高;40%甲酸钾溶液的压力振幅最大,而采用离子液体[EMIM][BF4]时系统压力振幅最小。研究结果表明:采用密度较大的液体工质可获得较低的谐振频率,而密度大、黏度小的液体工质则有利于获得更大的压力振幅。     

Surface Thermodynamics,Viscosity, Activation Energy of N-Methyldiethanolamine Aqueous Solutions Promoted by Tetramethylammonium Arginate

The surface tension and viscosity values of N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) aqueous solutions promoted by tetramethylammonium arginate ([N₁₁₁₁][Arg]) were measured and modeled. The experimental temperatures were 303.2 to 323.2 K. The mass fractions of MDEA (w_MDEA) and [N₁₁₁₁][Arg] (w_[N1111][Arg]) were 0.300 to 0.500 and 0.025 to 0.075, respectively. The measured surface tension and viscosity values were satisfactorily fitted to thermodynamic models. With the aid of experimentally viscosity data, the activation energy (Ea) and H₂S diffusion coefficient (D_H2S) of MDEA-[N₁₁₁₁][Arg] aqueous solution were deduced. The surface entropy and surface enthalpy of the solutions were calculated using the fitted model of the surface tension. The quantitative relationship between the calculated values (surface tension, surface entropy, surface enthalpy, viscosity, activation energy, and H₂S diffusion coefficient) and the operation conditions (mass fraction and temperature) was demonstrated.     

强磁场下NH4Cl水溶液结构的拉曼光谱研究

迄今为止,国内外存在很多关于强磁场处理对水溶液结构影响的争议,并且关于强磁场对无机盐水溶液结构的研究也相对较少。运用拉曼光谱法,测定了在外加强磁场1.8 T强度下,高纯水与质量分数分别为1%,5%,10%,20%和28%的NH₄Cl水溶液在不同磁化时间下的拉曼散射数据,为拉曼光谱法探究强磁场对水溶液结构的影响提供了一个新的可行方式,丰富了拉曼光谱的研究领域。由实验结果可知,随着磁化时间的增加,水分子中氢键的伸缩振动峰值逐渐升高,经过一定的磁化时间后可以达到饱和。高纯水与不同质量分数的NH₄Cl水溶液的饱和效应时间均不同。高纯水与质量分数为1%,5%,10%,20%和28%的NH₄Cl水溶液峰值饱和时间分别为150,120,120,100,80和80 min。随着NH₄Cl水溶液质量分数的增加,达到磁效应饱和的时间呈现减少的趋势。磁场移除后,测定高纯水与不同质量分数NH₄Cl水溶液的去磁记忆时间。高纯水与质量分数为1%,5%,10%,20%和28%的NH₄Cl水溶液的去磁记忆时间分别为30,40,50,60,80和80 min。随着NH₄Cl水溶液质量分数的增加,去磁记忆时间呈现增加的趋势。利用去卷积拟合的方法对磁化2 h后不同质量分数的NH₄Cl水溶液进行处理。由去卷积拟合结果可知,质量分数为20%的NH₄Cl水溶液比质量分数为10%的NH₄Cl水溶液增加了一个N-H峰,该信号峰随着NH₄Cl水溶液质量分数的增大逐渐增强。DDAA型氢键结构整体上随磁化时间增加而减少,磁化时间的增加对四面体水结构具有破坏作用。当达到饱和磁化时间后,DDAA型氢键不再发生变化。实验结果表明,通过拉曼光谱法可以得到1.8 T强磁场对NH₄Cl水溶液结构的影响规律,为外加强磁场条件下其他无机盐水溶液的研究提供了一定的理论基础。     

NMR Self-diffusion Study of Amino Acid Ionic Liquids Based on 1-Methyl-3-Octylimidazolium in Water

In comparison with the conventional ionic liquids, water-miscible amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs) are considered as more biodegradable and biocompatible, less toxic, and as able to enhance the biomaterials stability. An application of some long-chain ionic liquids in catalysis, extraction, etc. requests the detailed analysis of ionic and water transport properties of their diluted aqueous solutions close to the area of its critical micelle concentration (cmc). In this work, the molecular transport properties of two 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium-based AAILs, [C₈mim][Val], and [C₈mim][Leu] (with anions of l-Leucine or l-Valine), in the aqueous solutions were studied by measuring the self-diffusion coefficients and the solution’ viscosities in the temperature ranges 273–343 K at the AAIL’s concentrations below and above its cmc. The data on self-diffusion coefficients of water molecules and cations/anions of AAILs are discussed in terms of activation energies and of hydration effects. Above the cmc, the [C₈mim][Val] molecules demonstrate the strengthening effect on the solvent structure, while the molecules of [C₈mim][Leu] have structure-destructive effect. The results obtained for the relative dynamic viscosities show a decrease of micellar size with increasing temperature. In addition, it was found that the degrees of counterion binding for both AAILs are higher than for 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium halides.     

Thermodynamic analysis and design data for a double-effect absorption heat pump system using four working pairs

Performance analysis of a double-effect absorption heat pump system has been done for water-four working pairs (or mixture) by computer simulation. The coefficient of performance and mass flow ratio are investigated to compare these aqueous solutions [waterLiCl, waterLiBrLiBr waterLiClCaCl₂Zn(NO₃)₂] which was developed for only cooling, with conventional waterLiBr solution, based on mass, material and heat balance equations for each part.From this analysis, it is found that the performances of the new aqueous solutions are better than that of LiBrwater solution not only in cooling systems, but also in heating systems, although the operating temperature ranges of these new aqueous solutions are very narrow in heating. Theoretical thermodynamic performance data can be used and are given here by design data.     

H2O+KCl(饱和)+NaCl+NH4Cl的等压研究

在298.15K条件下采用等压实验方法对KCl饱和的四元水溶液体系H2O+KCl(饱和)+NaCl+NH4Cl及其两个三元亚系H2O+KCl(饱和)+NaCl和H2O+KCl(饱和)+NH4Cl进行了研究.以NaCl或CaCl2水溶液为参考溶液,测定了不同水活度条件下该四元水溶液的渗透系数及水活度.实验结果表明,该四元系与其两个三元亚系之间存在着简单的共性,在实验误差允许范围之内,该四元系的等压行为符合类理想溶液模型.     

1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride assisted electrospinning of SAN/MWCNTs conductive reinforced composite membranes

The aim of this research was to investigate how the addition of IL [Bmim]Cl* and MWCNTs** into SAN*** solution will influence the viscosity and the electrical conductivity of the electrospinning solution and to find out the impact of IL and CNTs on the electrical and mechanical properties of the obtained membranes and on the morphology of the produced nanofibres. MWCNTs were added into two types of SAN solutions, with and without [Bmim]Cl, and then electrospinning was performed. All membranes were investigated by SEM analysis. The electrical conductivity and viscosity of the solutions were measured and their effect on the morphology of the fibres, as well as electrical and mechanical properties was estimated.