荧光共焦扫描系统成像特性的优化

对荧光共焦扫描系统用光强点扩散函数进行傅里变换得到系统三维传递函数的数学模型，并由此求得环形透镜和各种有限大小探测器系统的光学传递函数。用计算机模拟和光学传递九数值计算，分析了采用不同环形透镜及探测器对系统成像特性的影响     

Axicons用于光学超分辨

提出了用圆锥棱镜构建光束整形器.该器件能将圆形光束转换成环形光束,由它所产生的环形光束的直径是可调的,即系统超分辨效应具有可调节性.给出了理论分析和数值模拟,模拟结果表明此器件可以实现光学超分辨,改变几何参数可以调节超分辨效应.     

自动扫描环形染料激光器的调谐机制

本文描述了计算机控制环形染料激光器实现无间断自动扫描10THz的光学调谐元件设计、运转机制及实验结果。     

迈克耳孙干涉仪用于SFM/SNOM实验

以迈克耳孙干涉仪作为基本操作平台建立了扫描力显微镜/扫描近场光学显微镜(SFM/SNOM)实验系统.该系统可以用于扫描力显微镜和近场光学显微镜的原理性实验,有助于学生深入了解扫描探针显微镜的基本结构和工作原理.     

扫描环形光斑激光束优化研究

激光束的形状和能量分布限定了激光的应用范围,为满足不同的激光加工需要,必须对激光束进行变换。针对实验室用CO2激光器在热处理方面的应用,提出了激光扫描环形光斑光束优化法。基于温度场叠加原理建立了扫描环形光斑温度场的数学模型,模拟其温度场,可得到其温度分布特性;通过实验研究,分析了聚焦光斑与扫描环形光斑在激光淬火中对材料的热作用效果。结果表明,扫描环形光斑能改善激光热处理硬化层分布。理论和实验研究表明,激光扫描环形光斑技术可以实现激光热处理光束的优化,有一定的应用前景。     

高分辨PAL成像系统的设计研究

基于全景环形透镜的成像技术是全景成像中的一种最具潜力的成像方式,具有高分辨率的长焦距全景环形透镜成像系统光学结构较复杂,结构设计是首要解决的问题.本文根据全景环形透镜成像系统的光路结构及成像特性,详细讨论了全景环形透镜和转像透镜组两部分的设计方法,分别设计了单块全景环形透镜和复杂化全景环形透镜,并对它们的像差特性做了对比,分析了它们之间的光路衔接条件和像差补偿方案.该设计采用小尺寸CCD离轴扫描接收环形像,同时分析了这种扫描机构的可行性.系统要求在300m处需分辨250mm大小的物体,通过计算合理地选择了系统焦距和CCD型号并制定了一套技术指标.最终设计出了焦距8mm,F/#3.2,侧向视场40°~100°的高分辨全景环形透镜成像系统,系统由三胶合结构的全景环形透镜和8片6组的转像透镜组构成,所有表面均为球面.该系统全视场的调制传递函数在80lp/mm处均高于0.5,最大视场像面的相对照度高于0.95,全视场f-θ畸变在±3%以内,该设计很好地满足了使用要求.     

基于大数值孔径环形光锥照明的超分辨光学 显微成像方法研究

提出和发展了一种基于大数值孔径环形光锥照明的远场超分辨光学显微成像新方法, 采用将发光二极管(LED)面光源、窄带滤光和环形光锥照明相结合的特种照明方式, 实现超分辨显微成像. 建立了大数值孔径环形光锥照明成像的物理模型, 根据标量衍射理论, 在不同环形光锥照明时, 推导出光学显微系统像面衍射斑光强分布的理论计算公式; 通过Matlab求解和绘图, 得到衍射斑光强的分布图样, 从理论上证明这一成像方法可以有效提高光学显微镜的分辨率; 建立了相应的显微成像系统, 通过实验验证了该方法可有效改善显微镜的成像质量, 显著提高分辨率; 在中心波长450 nm、环形光锥数值孔径1.125—1.25时, 实验获得的分辨率至少优于150 nm, 与理论研究结果相符合, 从而证明了这一方法的可行性.     

环形透镜暗场落射照明系统设计及其焦移特性的研究

环形透镜暗场落射照明系统越来越多被应用在特型显微镜上.该系统设计的难点是当采用现有的光学设计CAD软件设计计算时,由于环形透镜所具有的焦移特性的影响,难以保证预期的设计效果,也在一定程度上制约了该系统的推广应用.通过理论分析、实验论证和用自编制的照明设计CAD软件进行光线追迹,较好地确定了该系统的焦移量.并在此基础上提出了照明设计CAD与光学设计CAD软件互动迭代的设计方法.     

CG光学扫描全息术和FZP光学扫描全息术分辨率比较

本文通过计算机仿真对ＦＺＰ 光学扫描全息术和ＣＧ 光学扫描全息术的横向和纵向分辨率进行了比较。无论是ＦＺＰ 还是ＣＧ 光学扫描全息术,其系统的分辨率与它们的环数有关,当环数越多时,分辨率越高。对于同样大小的ＦＺＰ 和ＣＧ,ＣＧ 光学扫描全息系统的分辨率比ＦＺＰ 光学扫描全息系统的分辨率要好     

环形孔径长焦距光学系统

介绍一种可望用于空间相机的环型孔径长焦距光学成像系统,也是稀疏孔径的一种。光线通过最外面的环形孔径进入光学系统,经过一系列的同轴环形反射镜多次折转,最后通过补偿镜成像在光学系统的像面上。此类系统具有较大的遮拦比,可以在有效减少空间望远系统的厚度和体积的同时保持较好的成像质量,可望用于微小卫星高分辨率光学有效载荷。给出了光线经过6次反射的一种长焦距光学系统设计结果,并对其进行了像质评价和公差分析。     

Elimination of zero-order diffraction in digital off-axis holography

A simple experimental method of eliminating zero-order diffraction in the reconstructed image of off-axis digital holography is presented. Holographic diffraction grating acting as a beam splitter, an off-axis holography system is formed. The holograms of object with different recording parameters are obtained by adjusting the reflecting mirror in the recording optical system to vary the incidence orientation of the object beam in CCD to introduce a phase shift. The zero-order image can be eliminated by numerically processing the holograms of object with different recording parameters. The theoretical analyses have been done in detail and the experimental results are also given. The zero-order image eliminated, the area of reconstructed image increases remarkably, the image quality can then be significantly improved and the better resolution obtained. The experimental results show that the method presented in this paper is feasible, simple in optical system and easy in operation and data processing.     

Optical restoration of photorefractive holograms

We consider the possibility of restoration and/or enhancement of decaying holograms in photorefractive media by using a simple optical readout in conjunction with a phase conjugator. The results indicate that extremely weak holograms can be enhanced provided that the two-beam coupling is sufficiently strong. Steady-state photorefractive holograms can be maintained continuously without decay by using a self-enhanced readout scheme. The results also provide an explanation for the formation of mutually pumped phase conjugation in terms of the amplification of an initial noise grating. The results are presented and discussed.     

Fabrication of high-spatial-frequency gratings through computer-generated near-field holography

We demonstrate an innovative method for fabrication of high-spatial-frequency grating structures. This technique makes use of the near-field diffraction patterns from computer-generated phase holograms for lithographic fabrication of grating structures with periods that are one half that of the phase hologram mask. Linear, rectilinear, and circular gratings were fabricated with this technique. Experimental results from gratings with periods to 0.5 mum and feature sizes to ~0.2 mum are presented.     

光盘多信道存贮分光技术

本文对光盘存贮技术中应用的多频声光和衍射光栅分光技术进行了分析、研究.并以二元计算全息理论为基础,用脉位调制技术通过计算机模拟,获得了产生均匀多光束衍射的位相光栅的精确周期结构参数.据此,研制了总衍射效率为73%,最大残余偏差为17.5%能满足实用要求的九光点均匀衍射位相光栅.     

The use of circular optical grating for measuring angular rotation of mirrors

This paper explores the feasible use of circular optical grating for measuring the rotation of mirrors that are commonly found in micro-systems. Both theoretical and experimental results show that distortion of the circular grating that is projected onto the mirror surface is a simple function of the angular rotation of the mirror. The circular grating may readily be generated using a standard Michelson interferometer or an LCD projector. Through manipulating the distance between the interferometer and the mirror surface, the diameter of the optical grating may be varied. Furthermore, the additional use of a converging lens enables a significant reduction in the size of the grating: with simple laboratory facility, small circular grating of about 400 μm is achieved for use on micro-systems. With the use of more sophisticated optical elements, the angular rotation of even smaller micro-mirrors may be measured.     

一种消除数字离轴全息零级像的实验方法

提出一种消除数字离轴全息零级像的实验方法.这种方法是将全息衍射光栅作为分光元件,形成数字离轴全息记录系统,通过调节记录光路系统中平面镜,改变物光波到达CCD的入射方向而引入相移,从而得到不同记录参数的全息图.再通过对不同记录参数全息图的数字处理,即可达到零级像消除的目的,并对这种方法进行了理论分析和实验验证.给出了利用这种方法获得的实验结果.实验结果证明了该方案的可行性,并且具有光路系统简单、操作和处理容易等特点.     

Formation of Holographic Transmission Diffraction Gratings in Absorbing Photopolymer Media

The formation of holographic transmission gratings in absorbent photopolymer materials (PPM) is studied theoretically. Analytical model describing a spatiotemporal transformation of holographic grating field during record is developed with allowance for optical absorption and diffusion processes. It is demonstrated that optical attenuation during record causes the spatial inhomogeneity of refractive index grating profile and of the its growth kinetics. A degree of influence of optical attenuation on the integral diffraction characteristics is evaluated based on numerical simulation. The kinetics of record of high-efficient transmission holograms in PPM is experimentally investigated. Based on a comparison of theoretical and experimental time dependences of diffraction efficiency, physical parameters of the examined PPM are determined and adequacy and tendency in the development of the suggested mathematical model are evaluated.     

Freestanding circular GaN grating fabricated by fast-atom beam etching

We report here a top-down process for fabricating a freestanding circular GaN grating. The circular gratings are defined by electron-beam lithography and realized by fast-atom beam (FAB) etching. The silicon substrate below the GaN grating region is completely removed to make the circular grating suspended in space. The optical responses of the fabricated GaN gratings are characterized in reflectance measurements. The polarization-independent responses of circular gratings are experimentally demonstrated, corresponding well with the theoretical prediction. This work represents an important step in combining GaN-based material with freestanding nanostructures.     

Low-complexity compression of holograms based on delta modulation

Past research has demonstrated that hologram of a real world object can be acquired by scanning it with a single two-dimensional optical scan. The technology commonly referred to as optical scanning holography (OSH), have found important applications such as in microscopy, pattern recognition, 3D holographic display, and optical remote sensing. As holograms are often employed to capture three dimensional objects with high resolution, large amount of data is required to represent them. In this paper we propose a method for compressing holograms based on Delta modulation. Specifically, we apply our proposed method for holograms captured by OSH. Experimental evaluation reveals that our proposed approach is capable of attaining a compression ratio of 64 times, and still preserves favorable fidelity on the reconstructed images. In addition, both the encoding and decoding processes of the proposed method are very low in complexity, hence enabling real-time operation.     

二步合成平板周视彩虹全息术

提出一种将物光波前先分解记录，再合成的二步平板周视彩虹全息术。波前的分解记录与合成彩虹全息图是分别通过转动物体和干板来实现的。记录这种周视全息图，不需要大孔径和其它特殊光学元件，即可获得周视半径大的无象差立体再现象。该方法可直接用于模压全息图母板的制作。