在轴高斯波束入射无限长多层圆柱散射的德拜级数解

不均匀柱形粒子的光散射特性研究对复杂结构粒子参量的反演具有重要意义。基于德拜理论,对在轴高斯波束垂直入射无限长多层圆柱的散射特性进行了讨论。获得了散射系数的德拜级数展开式;并利用该公式分别计算了均匀和双层圆柱的总散射强度角分布,德拜级数单阶散射强度角分布;总散射强度结果与广义米氏理论(GLMT)进行了比较,两者吻合很好。分析表明圆柱散射强度不同散射角区间的值来自德拜级数不同阶的散射强度贡献;双层圆柱各层半径和折射率的值对德拜级数二阶散射强度角分布中峰值的出现起决定作用。当双层圆柱的外层较薄时,在120°~150°之间会出现两个明显峰值,即出现双重一阶彩虹峰值;反之,当外层厚度大于内层时,只有一个峰值存在。     

彩虹现象和圆柱折射率及直径的反演

彩虹现象和圆柱折射率及直径的反演吴振森李明柱（西安电子科技大学物理系西安７１００７１）ＴｈｅＲａｉｎｂｏｗａｎｄｔｈｅＲｅｖｅｒｓａｌｏｆＣｉｒｃｕｌａｒＣｙｌｉｎｄｅｒＤｉａｍｅｔｅｒａｎｄＲｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅＩｎｄｅｘＷｕＺｈｅｎｓｅｎ，ＬｉＭｉ...     

大气气溶胶粒子折射率虚部反演方法研究

提出了反演折射率虚部的方法.以光散射为原理的粒子计数器测量光学等效直径,其结果受折射率虚部的影响较大;以粒子飞行时间为原理的粒子计数器测量空气动力学直径,其结果不受折射率虚部的影响.利用两种仪器的测量结果受折射率影响的差异来反演大气气溶胶的折射率虚部.通过与其它独立的测量结果对比表明,该方法反演气溶胶折射率虚部是合理的.     

大气气溶胶粒子折射率虚部反演方法研究

提出了反演折射率虚部的方法.以光散射为原理的粒子计数器测量光学等效直径,其结果受折射率虚部的影响较大;以粒子飞行时间为原理的粒子计数器测量空气动力学直径,其结果不受折射率虚部的影响.利用两种仪器的测量结果受折射率影响的差异来反演大气气溶胶的折射率虚部.通过与其它独立的测量结果对比表明,该方法反演气溶胶折射率虚部是合理的.     

均匀球形液滴二阶和五阶彩虹的重建及应用

从理论和实验两方面研究了不同温度下球形液滴的彩虹强度分布及在粒度测量中的应用。研究结果表明折射率为 1.33附近液滴在 117°～ 134°散射角范围内的散射强度分布不是单一的二阶彩虹强度分布 ,而是二阶和五阶彩虹的干涉强度分布。基于散射强度频谱特点 ,提出了一种从干涉强度谱中重建二阶和五阶彩虹强度分布的方法 :逆快速傅里叶变换 (IFFT)。利用洛伦兹米理论 (LMT)模拟计算了温度为 2 0℃和 80℃下水粒子二阶彩虹的高频结构与粒子直径的关系 ,获得了经验公式。该关系式可用来测量确定温度下均匀水粒子直径。还利用激光彩虹测试系统测量了水柱二阶彩虹角度范围内的散射强度分布。上述理论研究结果与实验结果进行了比较 ,两者吻合得很好。基于上述研究 ,可以从单一阵列探测器获取的彩虹信号提取不同阶次彩虹分布 ,用于液滴多参量的反演测量。     

基于彩虹现象的光学测粒技术研究

对基于彩虹现象的光学颗粒测量进行研究,提出了一种新的参数反演模型和算法,可同时测量颗粒的粒径和折射率.新算法基于经验模态分解的去噪技术,并采用一种特征点提取技术和基于Debye理论的反演最优点搜索算法,能较精确的迅速找到反演最优点.数值模拟结果表明,当信噪比降至5 dB时,直径反演最大误差小于10%,折射率反演最大误差小于0.1%.对不同温度下自由下落的水滴进行实验研究,水滴由波长532 nm功率14 mW的连续激光源照射, 产生的彩虹光线经大口径透镜收集,被位于透镜焦平面的CCD相机接收.实验结果同样表明此测量方法具有较好的精度和可靠性.     

基于经验模态分解的彩虹法测量研究

基于彩虹Airy理论分析了一阶彩虹强度分布的折射率和直径的灵敏度,并利用经验模态分解法对彩虹信号进行分解与重构,提出了一种有效分离彩虹强度中Airy信号和高频Ripple分量的方法。根据液滴的一阶彩虹分布,设计了液滴折射率和直径同步测量的彩虹?经验模态反演算法,该算法有很强的抗噪声特征。实验中测量了水滴和不同浓度乙醇液滴的一阶彩虹分布,研究结果表明,彩虹?经验模态法对液滴的折射率和直径测量精度分别为10?4和1%。     

彩虹法和成像法测量玻璃微珠折射率对比研究

基于几何光学原理,彩虹法使用激光作为光源,利用激光在玻璃微珠中进行一次或者多次内反射后出射形成最小偏向角,在最小偏向角附近形成彩虹条纹,通过测量彩虹条纹来反演计算玻璃微珠的折射率。然而,成像法则根据厚透镜的成像原理,对玻璃微珠所成的像经过显微物镜放大后使用CCD相机进行接收,获得玻璃微珠的焦距,进而测得对应玻璃微珠的折射率。较传统方法来说,彩虹法和成像法具有安全、简便和快捷的优点。对型号不同的玻璃微珠,分别使用彩虹法和成像法测量其折射率,并对它们的测量结果进行了对比分析,都获得相对于名义值的误差小于1%的结果。     

测量透明微粒群参量

设计了测量透明微粒群参量的干涉检测系统,能够有效记录透明颗粒群在1阶彩虹角附近的光强分布,并利用Nussenzveig理论和改进的量子粒子群算法对记录图像进行反演,能够实现透明颗粒群粒径分布和折射率的同时测量．实验结果表明：以Lorenz-Mie理论作为模拟光强信号,利用算法反演模拟的微粒群信号,折射率相对误差为0.02%;通过实验测量粒径为400～600μm的玻璃微珠群,粒径均值的相对偏差为2.8%;对不同浓度乙醇喷雾的折射率进行测量,相对偏差小于0.7%.     

测量气溶胶单粒子折射率方法研究

设计了一种粒子计数器,它可以测量粒子的动力学粒径和两个散射角下的散射光强度,而粒子的散射强度可以根据Mie散射理论从光学等效粒径和粒子折射率出发计算出来。当可以近似认为动力学粒径与光学等效粒径相同时,利用上述测量结果可以反演计算单个粒子的折射率。     

Geometrical optics approximation for light scattering by absorbing spherical particles

By means of geometrical optics, an approximation method is presented to compute the light scattering intensity of absorbing spherical particles illuminated by a plane wave. For absorbing particles, the effective refractive index and the effective refractive angle are related to the complex refractive index and incident angle. The formulas for calculation of the break of phases of reflection and refraction, which are different from the case of transparent particles, are exactly derived. Verification of the geometrical optics approximation (GOA) was performed by case studies and comparison of the present results with the Mie scattering. It is found that agreement between the GOA and the Mie theory is excellent in forward directions for weakly/moderately absorbing particles. Differently, for strongly absorbing particles, good agreement between the calculation methods is in the forward directions and large scattering angles. The agreement between the GOA and the Mie theory is better for larger particles.     

二次彩虹法测量高折射率玻璃微珠折射率研究

基于米氏散射理论解释了激光照明下玻璃微珠的二次彩虹精细结构的成因,发现折射率的差异将直接影响二次彩虹精细结构的位置.对于实验中玻璃微珠半径变化引起二次彩虹精细结构间距变化的现象亦用米氏散射理论进行了模拟分析和实验研究.利用米氏散射的近似理论——艾里理论对玻璃微珠的折射率进行了测量.在对玻璃微珠二次彩虹精细结构所计算得到的折射率的统计分析基础上,通过校正测量误差后得到了玻璃微珠折射率的准确数据.     

On rainbows of inhomogeneous spherical droplets

The paper is devoted to the study of the intensity distributions and the angular spectra of the second and fifth rainbows of homogeneous and inhomogeneous spherical particles predicted by Lorenz-Mie theory. The results show that the distribution around the second rainbow angle for a homogeneous sphere of refractive index between 1.32 and 1.33 is due to the interference of the light after two or five internal reflections. The structure of the scattering diagram and the angular spectrum for homogeneous and radially inhomogeneous spheres are studied. For a homogeneous sphere we show that the second and fifth rainbows can be independently reconstructed by filtering the calculated spectrum. Since each order of rainbow penetrates the particle to different depths, such methods could be used to provide information about the refractive index profile or the temperature gradient of an inhomogeneous sphere. The Airy-like peaks of the second and fifth rainbows are closely connected with the refractive index profile, which is beneficial to the measurement of its refractive index profile or temperature gradient.     

Integral light-scattering indicatrix of optically soft spherical particles

The dependences of the angular distribution of the scattered energy on the particle size and refractive index and on the phase shift (Δ) were studied. It was shown, in particular, that in the hypsometric plane for Δ≥3, the light-scattering indicatrix F calculated by the Mie theory is determined by two factors: the Fraunhofer diffraction and geometrical optics. The possibility of measuring the refractive index from the experimental values of the aperture angle of a photodetector at fixed values of F was also considered.     

等效球模型模拟冰晶云反射的误差分析

用射线光学理论计算了具有一定尺度分布的六角冰晶粒子在可见和近红外光谱区一系列波长上(0.2～5μm)的单次散射特性.利用米氏(Mie)理论,计算了与六角冰晶具有相同截面积的球形粒子的单次散射特性.根据辐射传输理论,应用累加法,分别计算了由冰晶粒子和等效球形粒子构成的卷层云的多次散射特性,计算结果表明当入射波长λ≈3.0 μm时,等效球Mie理论可以很好地用于计算卷层云的反射特性,但是当λ＜2.8μm时,尤其在可见光区,将引起显著的误差.最后提出了计算冰云光学特性的两种方案.     

Wavefront analysis for plenoptic camera imaging

The plenoptic camera is a single lens stereo camera which can retrieve the direction of light rays while detecting their intensity distribution. In this paper, to reveal more truths of plenoptic camera imaging, we present the wavefront analysis for the plenoptic camera imaging from the angle of physical optics but not from the ray tracing model of geometric optics.Specifically, the wavefront imaging model of a plenoptic camera is analyzed and simulated by scalar diffraction theory and the depth estimation is redescribed based on physical optics. We simulate a set of raw plenoptic images of an object scene, thereby validating the analysis and derivations and the difference between the imaging analysis methods based on geometric optics and physical optics are also shown in simulations.     

Geometric optics approach to optical fibre excitation by partially coherent sources

A general partially coherent source field on the end of an optical fibre has been represented by a characteristic angular spectrum of independent plane waves. The launching of both trapped and tunnelling (leaky) power is investigated for both step and graded-index fibres by considering the effect of one component of the angular spectrum, using geometric optics acceptance theory. The effect of the degree of coherence on the pulse response of the fibres is briefly discussed.