红外光谱对啤酒酵母培养过程的研究

采用衰减全反射红外光谱技术跟踪了啤酒酵母发酵过程，解析了发酵过程的红外光谱变化。在啤酒酵母培养过程中，1106cm^-1吸收峰强度的下降反映出基质麦芽糖的消耗；而产物乙醇的形成会引起880、2976、2980cm^-1处吸收峰强度增加和1625cm^-1处吸收峰的下降，从上述吸收峰强度的变化可描述啤酒酵母培养的进程。     

衰减全反射红外光谱法直接测定丙三醇的含量

利用丙三醇(CH2OHCHOHCH2OH)在1115.9-994cm-1处有C-O伸缩振动的红外特征吸收峰,而水在此无吸收峰,采用衰减全反射红外光谱法,并用OPUS软件进行ATR较正来测定水溶液中丙三醇的含量.测定结果表明,丙三醇的含量与其红外吸收峰高、峰面积在实验浓度范围内皆有良好的线性关系,峰高和峰面积的校准曲线相关系数分别为0.997和0.998,操作步骤简单、快速,测定结果令人满意.     

对称金属包覆波导受温度影响的特性分析

基于对称金属包覆波导,研究了温度对金属层介电常量及导波层折射率的影响.通过改变金属介电常量和导波层折射率,共振角和衰减全反射吸收峰受到影响.理论和仿真表明:在入射光波长为760nm,覆盖层银膜厚度为35nm,衬底银膜厚度为300nm,导波层为纯水的条件下,温度由10℃升高到70℃时,衰减全反射吸收峰反射率随温度的升高而降低,吸收率提高;共振角随温度的升高,先增加后减小.当金属介电常量对整体的影响大于纯水时,共振角增加,反之,共振角减小.因此,对称金属包覆波导受温度的影响是不可忽略的.     

用衰减全反射法研究极薄介质层的光学性质

本文介绍用衰减全反射方法,对银膜及银膜衬底上极薄介质层的衰减全反射谱(ATR谱)进行测量和拟合运算,利用衰减峰位移和增宽确定极薄介质层的光学常数,根据本文的实验条件,可测介质层的薄达5A。     

用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱定量测定PEG/PE共混物的表面组成

应用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法 (FTIR ATR)对聚乙二醇 /聚乙烯共混物 (PEG/PE)薄膜的表面组成进行测试。利用ATR校正程序 ,以相应的特征峰强度比作为定量测定的基准 ,可以减少测试误差。通过工作曲线法 ,定量地分析了共混物薄膜表面层中聚乙二醇链节和聚乙烯链节的相对组成 ,并提出了采用FTIR ATR定量分析共混物薄膜表面层组分时应遵循的基本步骤和原则。     

基于ATR-FTIR的竹节人参的分析研究

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的衰减全反射附件——OMNI采样器,对3种不同产地的竹节人参进行了红外光谱对比分析。结果表明,竹节人参中的红外光谱主要由皂甙类、多糖、氨基酸等物质的特征吸收峰组成。不同产地的竹节人参在1190—890cm-1区域的红外光谱吸收峰差异较显著,同时产地不同的样品其吸收峰强度亦有所不同。ATR-FTIR法简便、快速,可用于竹节人参的分析鉴别。     

新鲜金盏菊的红外光谱三级鉴别

在9月份和10月份,利用衰减全反射(ATR)对金盏菊分别进行6次活体检测,凭借红外光谱具有的指纹特征性,构建新鲜金盏菊样本的红外指纹图谱,作为三级鉴别提取的特征数据。结果表明:不同时期金盏菊红外光谱中,酯类特征吸收峰(1 732cm-1)和多糖类成分吸收峰(900~1 100cm-1)之间的相对吸收峰强度和峰面积有所差异;二维红外光谱中差异更加明显。红外光谱为不同时期鲜花活体鉴别提供了一种新的方法。     

不同花期八宝景天花的红外光谱鉴别

利用衰减全反射(ATR)结合二维红外光谱技术对不同花期(9月份和10月份)八宝景天花分别进行活体检测,凭借红外光谱具有的指纹特征性,构建新鲜八宝景天花样本的红外指纹图谱。结果表明:不同时期八宝景天红外光谱中,酯类特征吸收峰(1 732cm-1)和多糖类成分吸收峰(900~1 100cm-1)之间的相对吸收峰强度和峰面积有所差异;二维红外光谱中差异更加明显。红外光谱为不同时期鲜花活体鉴别提供了一种新的方法。     

艾草与一枝黄花的红外光谱三级鉴别

利用衰减全反射(ATR)、二阶导数红外光谱(SDIR)结合二维相关红外光谱(2DIR)的三级鉴别法对菊科植物艾草与一枝黄花的新鲜叶片分别进行活体检测。结果表明:艾草和一枝黄花红外光谱中,酯类特征吸收峰(1 732cm-1)和多糖类成分吸收峰(900~1 100cm-1)之间的相对吸收峰强度有所差异;二维红外光谱中差异更加明显。红外光谱为不同种类新鲜叶片活体鉴别提供了一种新的方法。     

不同时期商陆果实的红外光谱鉴别

在9月份和10月份,利用衰减全反射(ATR)对商陆果实分别进行活体检测,凭借红外光谱具有的指纹特征性,构建新鲜商陆果实样本的红外指纹图谱。结合二维红外光谱分析商陆果实成熟过程中成分变化。结果表明:不同时期商路果实红外光谱中,酯类特征吸收峰(1 732cm-1)和多糖类成分吸收峰(900~1 100cm-1)之间的相对吸收峰强度和峰面积有所差异;二维红外光谱中差异更加明显。红外光谱为果实成熟过程中活体监测提供了一种新的方法。     

反射型导模共振滤波器设计

导模共振滤波器由于其高峰值反射率,低旁带反射,窄带以及带宽可控等优良特性引起了人们极大的关注,采用亚波长光栅的导模共振效应可以实现传统基于高低折射率介质的多层膜滤波器所无法实现的特殊功能,在弱调制模式下,其共振带宽可以被压缩到零点几纳米,但是由于介质表面和空气层的菲涅耳反射,使得偏离或者远离共振区时的反射率偏高,根据等效介质理论,亚波长光栅在远离共振区可以被看为均匀的薄膜,本文通过对导模共振光栅进行单层、双层以及三层抗反射设计,有效的降低了导模共振光栅的旁带反射率,从而在可见光波段获得了性能优良的共振滤波 关键词： 导模共振 平面波导 傅里叶模式理论 窄带滤波     

Umklapp-mediated quantization of electronic states in Ag films on Ge(111)

We employ angle-resolved photoemission to study the electronic structure of atomically uniform films of Ag grown on Ge(111). A new kind of quantum well state is observed near a specific emission direction away from the surface normal. In contrast with the usual quantum well state arising from electron confinement by specular reflections at the surface and interface of the film, the new kind involves retroreflections, or umklapp reflections, at the interface. It requires four reflections, instead of the usual two reflections, to complete a coherent interference path.     

薄膜的光谱发射率

本文讨论了薄膜内的多次反射对低吸收薄膜光谱发射率的影响。这里推导出的薄膜发射率的表达式与薄膜厚度d和其光学常数n(λ）和k(λ）有关。在d→∞的特殊情况下，薄膜发射率与大块材料发射率相等。给出了实际数值评价及发射率与d、n(λ）和k(λ)相互关系的更为精确的数值结果。     

Two-dimensional light diffraction from thin opal films

This paper reports on experimental and theoretical investigations of light diffraction from thin films of synthetic opal. The diffraction patterns have been studied visually and recorded in different scattering geometries with the films illuminated with white unpolarized light. The diffraction pattern obtained with the film illuminated with a light beam along the [111] axis, which is normal to the film surface, has C ₆ symmetry and consists of six strong reflections arranged symmetrically with respect to the incident beam. This pattern becomes substantially more complicated when the film is illuminated by white light at an arbitrary angle to the [111] axis. An experimental study of the spectral response and angular relations of the diffraction patterns has established a fairly full pattern of transformation of diffraction reflections obtained under variation of the angle of light incidence on an opal film. The remarkably good matching of experimental and calculated data provides compelling evidence for light diffraction from thin opal films being two-dimensional.     

密封容器中后处理制备Tl2Ba2CaCu2Oy高温超导薄膜及其性能研究

以铝酸镧（001）单晶为基片，采用两步法制备Tl2Ba2CaCu2Oy（Tl 2212）高 温超导薄膜.首先，利用脉冲激光沉积（PLD）工艺沉积Ba2CaCu2Ox非晶前驱体薄膜；然后，前驱体薄膜在高温（720—850℃）下密封钢容器里铊化结晶形成Tl 2212薄膜.XRD结果表明Tl2212 薄膜是沿c轴方向生长的，其相组成为Tl 2212，摇摆曲线（0012）的半高宽为0.72° ，SEM图像显示其表面光滑平整，其零电阻温度为106.2K. 关键词： Tl 2212超导薄膜 脉冲激光沉积     

A phenomenological theory of the thermal conductivity of thin films

A phenomenological theory is presented for the lattice thermal conductivity of thin plates (or films) in a contact with another material (e.g. a thin plate covered by an oxide film, a thin film evaporated on a substrate, etc.). In such heterogeneous systems, it is necessary to consider — besides reflections — the exchange of phonons between the phases of which the system is composed. Boundary conditions are formulated for the phonon distribution functions. It is shown that the surrounding material (or the substrate) can exert considerable influence upon the effective thermal conductivity of the plate (film).In conclusion, the authors express their sincere gratitude to . Bárta for valuable discussions on the subject of this paper.     

TEM image contrast from antiphase domains in GaAs: Ge(001) grown by MBE

Antiphase domains occur in thin GaAs epitaxial films grown on Ge(001) by molecular beam epitaxy. The domains have been imaged by transmission electron microscopy using 200-type reflections in dark field. The carefully chosen imaging conditions with convergent illumination ensure that doubly diffracted beams from a pair of first order Laue zone discs contribute to the singly diffracted 200-type beams. The three Bragg reflections may add in or out of phase to give domains in either light or dark contrast depending on their polarity.     

The anomalous RHEED patterns observed from (111)Ag-(111)Cu bilayers

RHEED patterns obtained from thin expitaxial bilayers consisting of Ag grown on smooth (111)Cu surfaces have been shown by Gradmann and Krause to contain anomalous reflections. Previously, these reflections were interpreted as due to a regular arrangement of interfacial dislocations or to multiple diffraction effects. In the present work a thin film technique was used to form smooth, easily detachable (111)Ag/Cu bilayers from which RHEED patterns containing these extra reflections were obtained. These films were grown, annealed, and examined in situ by UHV-RHEED techniques. They were then removed from the vacuum system, detached from their substrates and examined by TEM and TED. Thus, contrary to previous work, the present observations consisted of a series of experiments using RHEED, TED, and TEM carried out on the same specimen. No evidence was obtained to indicate that the anomalous reflections were due to interfacial dislocations. Rather, all the observed phenomena could be explained entirely by multiple diffraction effects.     

拓扑绝缘体基铁磁/f-波超导隧道结Andreev反射研究

基于Bogoliubov-de Gennes方程和Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk理论研究了三维拓扑绝缘体基铁磁/各向异性f-波超导隧道结的Andreev反射,其中f-波超导体选取f₁和f₂-波两种配对势.研究发现,对于f₁和f₂波,铁磁体中的磁能隙可以增强传统的Andreev逆向反射,但对Andreev镜面反射有抑制作用;但随着施加在超导体顶部电极上的栅极电位的增加,两种类型的反射都会增强.通过改变磁能隙,可以调节两种反射在准粒子输运过程中占有优势的程度.这些结果提供了一种实验检测拓扑绝缘体薄膜中镜面Andreev反射的方法.此外,隧穿电导和散粒噪声谱的差异可用于区分f₁和f₂波配对势.     

基于Berreman矩阵的双折射薄膜光谱响应特性计算

采用Berreman特征矩阵方法,通过数值计算研究了双折射薄膜的反射、透射等光谱响应特性。依据电磁场理论的电场分量、磁场分量的界面连续条件,推导了光波在各向异性双轴薄膜中的Berreman转移矩阵,用以分析含有各向异性介质层的复杂薄膜系统的光学性质。这些矩阵递推关系包含了界面处的多点反射,适用于一般的各向异性的多层膜系统,包括入射媒质或基底为各向异性的情况。在文中给出了各向同性入射媒质双轴各向异性膜层一各向同性基底薄膜系统的计算结果,验证了该计算方法的可行性,以此作为进一步研究各向异性薄膜和相关光学薄膜器件设计的理论基础。