空间外差光谱仪滤光片光场非均匀性研究

空间外差光谱仪采用窄带滤光片限制仪器光谱范围,避免光谱混叠。滤光片透过率曲线随入射光角度的变化导致准直系统出射光场呈现随波长变化的非均匀现象。对光场非均匀性机理进行理论推导,证实滤光片调制作用造成复原光谱中卷积了与波长相关的调制函数,导致单色光光谱半峰全宽随波长变化。根据理论公式并结合实验室空间外差光谱仪参数进行了仿真分析,表明光场存在短波下凹和长波上凸的滤光片调制效应。开展了实验室单色光扫描实验,实验测量结果与理论分析和仿真结果一致。提出了一种包络线拟合校正方法,仪器线型函数半峰全宽变化量由校正前的16.7%下降为0.2%,有效去除了滤光片调制函数对仪器线型函数的影响。     

光锥角对窄带滤光片透射率的影响及补偿方法

全介质膜窄带滤光片因具有优良的光学性能、较强的工艺性和空间环境适应性被广泛应用于空间多光谱遥感仪器中,但锥光束入射导致的中心波长漂移问题严重影响此类窄带滤光片的光谱选择性能。为了研究光锥角对窄带滤光片透射率特性的影响,设计了非规整型全介质膜窄带滤光片,分析了高斯光束倾斜入射窄带滤光片导致透射率的变化,建立了非均匀照度下锥光束正入射时窄带滤光片等效透射率的求解模型,定量求解了等效透射率及中心波长漂移量,并对理论模型进行了实验验证。结果表明,锥光束正入射对窄带滤光片透射率的影响主要表现为中心波长的蓝移;在镀膜工艺相对稳定的基础上,理论模型的等效透射率预测精度优于中心波长的0.15%。所以,可以使用等效透射率求解模型定量计算锥光束正入射导致窄带滤光片透射率的变化,并利用中心波长漂移量修正后的设计数据指导滤光片镀膜,进而实现窄带滤光片的高精度光谱选择,这为解决介质膜窄带滤光片因锥光束入射导致的中心波长漂移问题提供了新的技术途径。     

1064 nm激光对中性密度滤光片的损伤机理研究

中性密度滤光片的典型结构是在K9玻璃上镀金属膜,来实现对激光的有效吸收.由于损伤阈值较低,严重限制了其在高能激光系统中的应用.实验研究了较高激光能量密度下滤光片的损伤形貌和损伤机理.损伤形貌的变化特征是:随着激光能量密度的增加,滤光片先出现损伤点,后以损伤点为中心产生裂纹,且裂纹长度逐渐变长,最终连接成线状和块状,导致大面积的薄膜脱落.建立了缺陷吸收激光能量升温致中性密度滤光片表面薄膜损伤的模型,计算了薄膜表面的温度和应力分布,讨论了薄膜表面不均匀温升造成的径向、环向和轴向热应力分布.理论分析显示:环向应力是造成薄膜沿径向产生裂纹的主要原因.当激光能量密度大于约2.2 J/cm²,杂质粒子半径大于140 nm且相邻杂质粒子之间的距离小于10 μ m时,裂纹才能大量连接起来引起薄膜的大面积脱落.     

腔内有双折射滤光片的激光实际线宽

在研制高效宽带增益激光非线性频率转化的实验中发现,由双折射滤光片透过率计算出的激光输出频谱宽度比激光器实际频谱宽度要大一个数量级左右.考虑到激光模式竞争和均匀增宽效应,理论上提出了一个精确计算激光器实际频谱线宽的模型.用该模型模拟的带不同厚度双折射滤光片的调Q运转钛宝石激光器的光谱宽度与实验结果一致,这为优化设计双折射滤光片及该类激光器提供了依据.     

非平行条件下高斯光束斜入射窄带滤光片的透射光强分布

基于多光束干涉原理,推导了斜入射状态下非平行角度调谐滤光片的高斯光束透射光强表达式.在此基础上研究了高斯光束的入射角以及非平行滤光片两端面间所存在楔角对透射光强分布的影响.计算和实验结果都表明,滤光片的透射光强分布不仅与入射角有关,非平行滤光片两端面间楔角的大小和正负特性还会在很大程度上影响斜入射时滤光片的光场分布、透...     

基于非线性模型的卡尔曼滤波非均匀性校正算法

针对红外焦平面阵列探测单元响应的非线性对非均匀性校正的影响,利用探测器响应的非线性模型,对卡尔曼滤波非均匀性校正算法进行扩展和改进,以有效地克服响应非线性对校正精度的影响.该算法先对图像进行非线性压缩,转换为线性图像,再利用线性模型下的卡尔曼滤波算法实施非均匀校正,然后对其进行取指数操作,即得到原图非均匀校正后的图像.实验结果表明,该算法不仅继承了原算法利用场景信息来最优地更新校正参数的估计,解决了探测器偏置和增益漂移对校正影响,而且还在一定程度上解决了响应非线性对校正性能的影响,从而获得了较好的非均匀性校正效果.     

均匀电荷密度下的磁绝缘理论研究

在平行板磁绝缘传输线中均匀电荷密度下,分别对压力平衡下的修正层流模型和非压力平衡和非层流模型进行了求解,比较了两种理论模型下的结果。分析表明：相对于非层流模型而言,层流模型因未考虑径向速度,其电荷密度偏低,阳极电场、阳极磁场及阳极电流都偏大。此外,粒子模拟结果显示非层流模型具有更高的精度。最后,对压力平衡条件、均匀电荷密度下的层流以及非层流模型,从平行板理论推广到一般构型。     

质子辐照对极紫外波段滤光片透过率的影响

 为了检验应用在极紫外波段空间太阳望远镜上Al滤光片在空间辐照环境下透过率的变化情况,用能量100 keV,剂量为6×10¹¹/mm²的质子束对其进行辐照,利用透射电子显微镜分析了质子辐照前后滤光片的微观结构。实验结果表明:由于质子辐照使滤光片受质子侵蚀后,Al原子被击出发生质量损失,表面形态发生了变化,造成滤光片变薄,从而导致透过率由辐照前的12.1%增大到15.0%,且滤光片的薄厚分布不均匀使透过率曲线出现了次级峰,造成其光学性能的退化。     

用于CF-LCoS LED照明的大角度复眼系统共轭成像优化设计

根据LED发光特性以及彩色滤光片式硅基液晶芯片特性,从成像光学的角度导出了复眼照明系统的基本成像公式.在此基础上由彩色滤光片式硅基液晶芯片目标区域的大小及其对光束入射角以及LED经整形以后的光斑尺寸与发散角的要求,根据推导的复眼系统的基本成像公式计算彩色滤光片式硅基液晶芯片复眼照明系统的初始结构,利用复眼照明系统中的多重共轭成像关系,将复眼成像,中继透镜成像分别优化,最后将两者通过孔径与中间像匹配的基本要求进行复眼阵列组合,设计了基于彩色滤光片式硅基液晶芯片的大照度入射光下的复眼照明系统.该系统以较小的复眼数,在保证彩色滤光片式硅基液晶芯片照明要求的条件下,较好地解决了照明系统效率、均匀性与大角度问题.与传统计算方法相比,该方法简单明了.非成像软件的模拟结果证明该方法准确,均匀性好,效率高.实验样机结果验证了本文所提方法的正确性和有效性.     

电磁波在非均匀等离子体中的吸收

研究了电磁波在非均匀碰撞等离子体中的传播和吸收,提出了一种计算电磁波在非均匀等离子体层中反射和透射功率的模型。对几种典型的非均匀密度剖面,计算了在不同的碰撞频率和层边缘密度下电磁波衰减率与电磁波频率的关系,结果表明,对于给定的密度剖面和有效吸收频宽,存在一个最佳的磁撞频率。     

Tunability of nonuniform reflection holographic filter

The tunability of nonuniform reflection holographic filter is investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the reflection holographic filter has not only high optical density and narrow bandwidth, but also good tunability. The coupled wave theoretical model for uniform medium is compared with the model for nonuniform medium. It is identified that the coincidence of the theoretical results of the nonuniform model with the experimental results are better than that of the uniform model.     

Improved narrow wavelength band blocking filters

A design approach is described to achieve spectral blocking filters of any spectral width and optical density for narrow blocking bands. We give new criterions to find the necessary number of layers from the desired bandwidth and optical density, and give new estimate equations which describe the number of layers required for designing a blocking filter of given bandwidth, high index, and optical density. This approach can be useful for laser line blocking, night vision filters, and many other general applications.     

新型透射式全息窄带带阻滤光器的光谱特性分析

滤光器在光谱学、光学测量和激光物理中有着极其重要的应用。全息滤光器是一种新型滤光器,特别是利用重铬酸明胶(DCG)记录的全息透射式窄带滤光器,其主要特点为对主谱线有很窄的带宽。文章主要用紫外-可见分光光度计测定用DCG记录的透射式全息窄带带阻滤光器的光谱特性,测量结果分析表明,滤光器在可见光区域(400～800 nm)对其中心波长的相对透射率小于2%,其他谱线的相对透射率大于85%。且滤光器有较窄的带宽,其半宽度小于12 nm,十分之一宽度小于15 nm。对氩离子激光(Ar+)主谱线514.5 nm有优良的滤光特性。     

Construction of high-quality narrow-band holographic filters

We have studied the factors limiting the quality of holographic notch filters. We have employed a novel recording scheme in which the sample is translated during exposure, eliminating flare due to reflections at the boundaries, and simultaneously reducing the scatter of the final hologram. We have also refined a gravity-settling dichromated gelatine (DCG) deposition technique and incorporated hardening of the DCG layers during the drying stage. With this, we have produced high optical quality, uniform, flare-free DCG filters with an optical density, OD > 5, bandwidth < 20 nm and scatter almost as low as that for state of the art dielectric notch filters.     

Optical axis jitter rejection for double overlapped adaptive optics systems

Optical axis jitters, or vibrations, which arise from wind shaking and structural oscillations of optical platforms, etc., cause a deleterious impact on the performance of adaptive optics systems. When conventional integrators are utilized to reject such high frequency and narrow-band disturbance, the benefits are quite small despite their acceptable capabilities to reject atmospheric turbulence. In our case, two suits of complete adaptive optics systems called double overlapped adaptive optics systems (DOAOS) are used to counteract both optical jitters and atmospheric turbulence. A novel algorithm aiming to remove vibrations is proposed by resorting to combine the Smith predictor and notch filer. With the help of loop shaping method, the algorithm will lead to an effective and stable controller, which makes the characteristics of error transfer function close to notch filters. On the basis of the spectral analysis of observed data, the peak frequency and bandwidth of vibrations can be identified in advance. Afterwards, the number of notch filters and their parameters will be determined using coordination descending method. The relationship between controller parameters and filtering features is discussed, and the robustness of the controller against varying parameters of the control object is investigated. Preliminary experiments are carried out to validate the proposed algorithms. The overall control performance of DOAOS is simulated. Results show that time delays are a limit of the performance, but the algorithm can be successfully implemented on our systems, which indicate that it has a great potential to reject jitters.     

Wavelength band-rejection filters based on optical fiber fattening by fusion splicing

A novel method to fabricate optical fiber band-rejection filters based on optical fiber fattening is presented. In this method, the fiber fattening is realized by applying a standard fusion splicing procedure on bare dispersion-shifted fibers. The method does not require additional special fixtures and can be implemented in any commercial fusion splicer machine. Using this method, we have fabricated short dispersion-shifted fiber filters with less than 3 mm length, >20 dB notch depths, and >100 nm bandwidth.     

Design of Narrowband Optical Filters Using Binary Number Sequence Photonic Crystals

A theory to design narrow band optical filters by using a new photonic crystal structure is presented. This new photonic crystal structure is composed of low index layers and high index layers arranged in mod. 4 up and down binary number sequence. The new structure exhibits narrow transmission peaks in the forbidden frequency gap region with high optical transmission (greater than 99.98%) at C.W.D.M. (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) center wavelengths. The proposed filters use only 8 layers. These new binary number sequence photonic crystal narrowband optical filters are much smaller in size, lower in cost and easier to fabricate as compared to narrowband photonic crystal optical filters based on defect Fractal Cantor multilayers, suggested recently by a group of researchers.     

Broad omnidirectional high-precision filters design using genetic algorithm

An application of the genetic algorithm in designing omnidirectional optical filters is reported in this paper. Concerning different periodic numbers and thickness ratios in the heterostructure, we gave some optimization examples and finally achieved a photonic heterostructure with very broad omnidirectional filter bandwidth as well as a very narrow transmission window. And it is found that when the normal incident beam is tilted at a negligibly small angle, the perfect transmittance peak will vanish. Hence, this heterostructure can be regarded as omnidirectional high-precision filters with potential application in optical filters, optical switches, and many other optical telecommunication areas.     

WDM Systems in the C-Band Using Er 3+ -Doped Tellurite Optical Waveguide Amplifiers

A 16-channel, 2.5 Gb/s, wavelength-division multiplexing system is analyzed with its channels allocated in the 1.52-1.56 μm wavelength region in order to increase the usable amplifier bandwidth to ≈45 nm. To avoid amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and the nonuniform signal gain in the wavelength region, an amplifier module consisting of an Er 3+ -doped tellurite waveguide amplifier, an ASE filter, and two concatenated long-period grating filters are proposed. A tellurite-based amplifier was chosen as the amplifying element because of its broad emission bandwidth (~80 nm), its high emission cross section (6.44 ×10 -25 m 2 ), and its high rare-earth ion solubility. The amplifier model is based on propagation and populationrate equations and includes both uniform and pair-induced up-conversion mechanisms. It is solved numerically by combining finite elements and a Runge-Kutta algorithm. The analysis predicts that using the proposed amplifier module, the channels may be transmitted to a maximum distance of 1800 km, finding applications in large optical networks where either many wavelengths are required or channel spacing must be large.     

WDM Systems in the C-Band Using Er 3+ -Doped Tellurite Optical Waveguide Amplifiers

A 16-channel, 2.5 Gb/s, wavelength-division multiplexing system is analyzed with its channels allocated in the 1.52-1.56 w m wavelength region in order to increase the usable amplifier bandwidth to , 45 nm. To avoid amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and the nonuniform signal gain in the wavelength region, an amplifier module consisting of an Er 3+ -doped tellurite waveguide amplifier, an ASE filter, and two concatenated long-period grating filters are proposed. A tellurite-based amplifier was chosen as the amplifying element because of its broad emission bandwidth (~80 nm), its high emission cross section (6.44 2 10 -25 m 2 ), and its high rare-earth ion solubility. The amplifier model is based on propagation and populationrate equations and includes both uniform and pair-induced up-conversion mechanisms. It is solved numerically by combining finite elements and a Runge-Kutta algorithm. The analysis predicts that using the proposed amplifier module, the channels may be transmitted to a maximum distance of 1800 km, finding applications in large optical networks where either many wavelengths are required or channel spacing must be large.