碳纳米管负载氢氧化镍修饰电极的制备及应用

采用表面滴涂结合循环伏安法制备了碳纳米管负载氢氧化镍修饰电极(Ni(OH)2/MWNT/CCE)。研究了该修饰电极对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能。结果表明,该修饰电极对葡萄糖具有良好的电催化氧化活性。在优化条件下,安培法检测葡萄糖的线性范围为2.0×10-7～5.7×10-4 mol.L-1(r=0.999 9,s=2 786.5μA.(mmol.L-1)-1.cm-2)和5.7×10-4～2.7×10-3 mol.L-1(r=0.999 1,s=2 005.2μA.(mmol.L-1)-1.cm-2),检出限(3sb)为8.0×10-8 mol.L-1。该法已成功用于血清中葡萄糖含量的测定。     

纳米钯修饰电极在碱性条件下对过氧化氢的测定

采用单电位阶跃计时电流法制备了Pd纳米粒子修饰复合陶瓷碳电极(Pd/CCE)。研究了该修饰电极对H2O2的电催化氧化性能。结果表明,Pd/CCE修饰电极在碱性介质中对H2O2的氧化具有强电催化活性。在0.1 mol.L-1NaOH溶液中采用动态安培法检测H2O2,线性范围为2.0×10-6~2.6×10-3mol.L-1,r=0.999 3,检出限(3sb)为5.0×10-7mol.L-1,灵敏度为143.8μA.(mmol.L-1)-1。该法用于过氧化氢消毒液中H2O2的测定,结果满意。     

6-羟基烟酸修饰电极的制备及应用研究

采用循环伏安法制备了6-羟基烟酸膜修饰炭糊电极(6-HNC/CPE),研究了多巴胺(DA)和肾上腺素(EP)在该修饰电极的电化学行为,结果表明该修饰电极对DA及EP具有明显的电催化效果。其电化学信号与DA的浓度在9.52×10-7~7.28×10-5mol·L-1和8.67×10-5~3.72×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限为1.9×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3),氧化峰电流与EP的浓度在1.74×10-6~4.41×10-5mol·L-1和5.58×10-5~1.01×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系。检出限为3.6×10-7mol·L-1(S/N=3),利用差示脉冲伏安法(DPV),研究DA,UA和Trp的混合溶液电催化效果,结果该发现三者氧化峰电位在6-HNC/CPE上的能够完全分开,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,可用于三者的选择性测定及实际样品中DA含量的测定。     

蒿甲醚在单壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电催化还原

研制了单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)修饰玻碳电极。用交流阻抗谱法(EIS)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究了电极膜性能,应用循环伏安法(CV)、计时库仑法(CC)、计时电流法(CA)研究了蒿甲醚在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,SWCNTs修饰电极对蒿甲醚的还原有良好的电催化活性,其还原反应为双电子过程,电极反应的扩散系数及速率常数分别为6·67×10-4cm2·s-1及8·54×10-2mol·L-1·s-1。在优化实验条件下,还原峰的峰电位位于-0·85V,其峰电流与蒿甲醚浓度在6·71×10-7~2·45×10-4mol·L-1范围内呈良好线性,检出限达4·02×10-7mol·L-1,相对标准偏差(n=10)为4·2%,可用于蒿甲醚样品的含量测定。     

六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管修饰电极研究

采用电沉积方法制备六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极(CuCoHCF-MWCNTs/GCE).研究碳纳米管用量、电解液组成对该修饰电极性能的影响.结果表明,与单一的六氰合铁酸铜钴薄膜修饰电极相比,六氰合铁酸铜钴-多壁碳纳米管复合修饰电极具有更优良的电化学特性,以其催化氧化过氧化氢,峰电流与过氧化氢浓度在3.16×10-5～2.92×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程为ip(μA)=0.5529+1.1299C(×10-4mol·L-1),相关系数r=0.9966,检出限为1.75×10-5mol·L-1.     

辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器的制备及其应用于过氧化氢的测定

通过将碳纳米管及二氧化钛复合材料(CNT-TiO2)修饰于金电极表面,并借其对辣根过氧化物酶的静电吸附和对羧酸基的高反应特性,使辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)固定在CNT-TiO2表面,制成了辣根过氧化物酶生物传感器(HRP-CNT-TiO2)。对此修饰电极在磷酸盐缓冲介质(pH7.2)中的电催化性质及其电催化反应的最佳条件作了研究。试验结果表明,此电极对过氧化氢有很好的电催化特性,且发现当过氧化氢的浓度在4.2×10-7~3.2×10-4mol.L-1之间与ΔI之间呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为7.2×10-8mol.L-1。为试验方法的精密度,对过氧化氢的浓度水平为5×10-5mol.L-1的条件下进行了8次测定,结果的RSD值为4.5%。     

直接电化学方法制备石墨烯修饰电极及对肼的检测

采用循环伏安法制备了石墨烯修饰玻碳电极并对其进行表征。研究了肼在石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:石墨烯修饰电极对肼有良好的电催化活性,在BR缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)中动态安培法检测肼的线性范围分别为1.0×10-8～4.4×10-7mol.L-1和4.4×10-7～1.3×10-4mol·L-1,检出限(3sb)为9.9×10-9mol·L-1,利用该方法测定了模拟水样中肼的含量,平均加标回收率为100%。     

碳纳米管的酞菁钴修饰及其对香兰素的电催化性能

通过酰胺化反应制备了四-2,9,16,23-氨基酞菁钴(TAPcCo)与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)的复合材料,红外光谱、扫描电镜和紫外可见吸收光谱分析表明复合材料中酞菁分子与碳管之间是通过酰胺键结合的,紫外吸收光谱还表明两者之间存在着强烈的电子相互作用。同时还研究了复合材料修饰的玻碳电极对香兰素(VNL)的电催化作用。循环伏安法表明,修饰电极对VNL有着良好的电催化活性,相对于裸玻碳电极VNL在修饰电极上峰电位负移了20mV,峰电流增大了12倍,且VNL在电极表面的反应受吸附控制。方波伏安法证实了这一反应过程中有质子参与。同时,方波伏安法研究还发现:峰电流与香兰素浓度在4.2μmol·L-1～5mmol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3.3S/N)为0.44μmol·L-1。     

石墨烯/碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极检测亚硝酸根

本研究先采用滴涂法制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰电极,然后采用电化学沉积技术从含有氧化石墨烯的溶液中制备了石墨烯(GR)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)复合膜修饰电极(GR/MWCNT/GCE)。研究了亚硝酸根(NO2-)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,该修饰电极对亚硝酸根的电氧化具有高的催化活性。在pH 7.00的PBS缓冲溶液中,微分脉冲伏安法测定亚硝酸根的线性范围为1.0×10-7mol·L-1~1.7×10-3mol·L-1,检出限为5.0×10-8mol·L-1(S/N=3)。用该法测定了土壤中亚硝酸根的含量,结果令人满意。     

二氧化锰/石墨烯/N-取代羧基聚苯胺复合修饰电极对亚硝酸根的电化学催化研究

采用电聚合、静电吸附和恒电位还原的方法在玻碳电极上制备了均匀修饰的还原氧化石墨烯/N-取代羧酸聚苯胺(rGO/NPAN)复合膜。以其为支撑,利用滴涂法将高电催化活性的二氧化锰负载于复合膜上,形成MnO_2/rGO/NPAN复合修饰电极。通过扫描电镜(SEM)对复合膜的形貌进行表征,讨论了NPAN电聚合圈数、GO浓度、电还原时间和pH值等因素对电化学活性和电催化活性的影响。结果表明:该修饰电极具有低的检测电位和高的电化学响应,检测亚硝酸根的浓度范围为0.5×10~(-6)~5.13×10~(-2)mol/L,灵敏度为14.075μA·(mmol/L)~(-1),检出限(S/N=3)低至0.2μmol/L。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

Synthesis and characterization of Ti1−2xNbxNixO2−x/2 solid solutions

Doped-rutile has been traditionally used in ceramic pigments for its intense optical properties. In this paper, we compare the classical ceramic synthesis of Ti_1−2xNb_xNi_xO_2−x/2 system with the sol-gel methodology, which allows a reduction of the anatase-rutile transformation temperature. The composition was optimised in order to obtain a unique rutile phase with the minimum amount of pollutant Ni(II) and enhanced chromatic coordinates. Incorporation of the doping ions in the rutile structure was corroborated by XRD and Rietveld refinements. The species responsible for the colour mechanism were studied by different techniques. UV-VIS spectroscopy showed the characteristic features of Ni²⁺ ions, whose existence was corroborated by EPR and magnetic measurements. From these results, (Ni,Nb)doped-TiO₂ powder samples can be now shaped as thin films, monoliths, etc. by using sol-gel methodology without modifying their properties. This study introduces new possibilities of coloured TiO₂-based solid solutions in new combined advanced applications (colouring agent and photocatalyst, etc.).     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.     

LixZryOz三元化合物的制备及表征

采用高温固相法制备了4种高纯度晶相组成的LixZryOz三元化合物,研究了焙烧温度、时间、反应物的种类和初始反应物物质的量比对产物组成的影响,进一步用XRD、SEM及BET分析方法对产物的晶相结构、表面形貌及比表面积进行了表征.实验结果表明,Li2CO3与ZrO2在适当条件下可以合成得到单斜相Li3ZrO3;以LiOH替代Li2CO3,在适当条件下可以分别合成得到四方相Li2ZrO3和三斜/单斜相Li6Zr2O7;进一步以Zr(NO3)4·5H2O代替Zr02,可将单斜相Li6Zr2O7的制备时间由96 h缩短至24 h.SEM照片显示产物硬团聚明显,粒径分布在1～10μm间,BET分析表明样品比表面积处于1.0～9.0 m2·g-1间分布,反应过程中锂的过量以及长时间高温焙烧是引起产物粒径长大和产生硬团聚的主要原因.