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1.
The spin glass magnetic enhancement factor has been measured at T=1.3 K with63/65Cu NMR spin echo technique. Alloying iron to CuMn, (Ho) shows a large range of constancy against an external field Ho, applied in and opposite to the direction of the freezing field Hc. It is supposed that the stiffness of the frozen spin glass is stabilized in this range by a subsystem of ferromagnetic iron clusters. Bound by its own crystalline anisotropy energy, the subsystem has its own stiffness. It probably behaves as a powder system consisting of ferromagnetic single domain particle spheres, having also an isotropic distribution of domain magnetization directions and giving rise to a mean ferromagnetic NMR enhancement factor.  相似文献   

2.
Hyperpolarized nuclear spins are observed in optically pumped iron-doped InP from 70 K to 140 K. 31P NMR was carried out at 9.28 T (159.8 MHz) during optical excitation with circularly polarized light, using a laser diode (λ∼830 nm) as a source. The enhancement of the nuclear spin polarization by optical pumping at 70 K is estimated to be about 34 for those nuclei in the region of the sample absorbing light. This enhancement decreases with increasing temperature. As the direction of the enhanced nuclear spin polarization is found parallel or antiparallel to the travelling direction of the σ+ or σ, the contact hyperfine interaction is dominant compared to the dipolar hyperfine interaction.  相似文献   

3.
The 31P-NMR experiments in YP and YPO4 as 2-qubits quantum computers were performed at room temperature under magnetic fields of 6.3 and 11.75 T with a coherent type pulsed FT-NMR spectrometer. The full width at half of the maximum intensity of NMR spectrum for 31P is compared with the second moment caused by the dipolar field. The obtained spin–lattice relaxation times T1 of 1.2 and 320 s for the P nuclei in YP and YPO4, respectively, suggest both compounds have the advantage of increasing the numbers of quantum computing operations.  相似文献   

4.
The helicity difference of the photon photoproduction process px is calculated using four different polarized proton structure functions. Also discussed are the contributions originating from the Compton cross-section and the subprocesses of induced by photon structure and fragmentation. Up-quark and gluondominance can be separated by choosing different regions of pseudorapidity and normalized transverse momentumX T of the final-state photon. We show, that it is possible to distinguish between the two extreme models of proton spin: polarized gluon vice polarized strange-quark.  相似文献   

5.
Si, Ge as well as SiGe structures are the promising materials for spintronics and quantum computation due to the fact that in both crystals only one isotope (29Si and 73Ge) has nuclear spin. As a result, isotope engineering of Si and Ge permits to control the density of nuclear spins and vary the spin coherence time, a crucial parameter in spintronics. In the first part we discuss the NMR study of nuclear spin decoherence in Ge single crystals with different abundance of the 73Ge isotope. It was observed that the slow component of the dephasing process is elongated with depletion of Ge crystal with isotope 73Ge. The second part is devoted to the development of the Kane's model of nuclear spin-based quantum computer, which uses the nuclear spin of 31P impurity atoms in a 28Si matrix as quantum bits (qubits). We discuss a new method of placing 31P atoms in a 28Si based on neutron-transmutation-doping of isotopically engineered Si and Ge. In the proposed structure, interqubit coupling is due to indirect hyperfine interaction of 31P nuclear spins with electrons localized in a 28Si quasi-one-dimensional nanowire, which allows one to control the coupling between distant qubits.  相似文献   

6.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on 63Cu nuclei was performed in a pressure-induced superconductor Sr2Ca12Cu24O41 at an optimum pressure of 3.8 GPa. A pressure of 3.8 GPa was achieved by improving a piston-cylinder-type pressure cell and developing a NMR probe with a steady-load control system. We found that the spin gap still exists even at the optimum pressure. The spin gap was almost the same at pressures below 3.5 GPa on the pressure-temperature phase diagram, whereas it decreased rather drastically above 3.5 GPa.  相似文献   

7.
The helicity dependence of the γ ppη reaction has been measured for the first time at a center-of-mass angle θ* η = 70° in the photon energy range from 780 MeV to 790 MeV. The experiment, performed at the Mainz microtron MAMI, used a 4π-detector system, a circularly polarized, tagged photon beam, and a longitudinally polarized frozen-spin target. The helicity 3/2 cross-section is found to be small and the results for helicity 1/2 agree with predictions from the MAID analysis. Received: 19 December 2002 / Accepted: 10 March 2003 / Published online: 20 May 2003  相似文献   

8.
Recent work in our laboratory has allowed the development of quantitative 31P NMR spin trapping techniques. These methods have been demonstrated to be effective tools for the detection and absolute quantification of many oxygen‐ and carbon‐centered free radical species. Our methods rest on the fact that a free radical reacts with the nitroxide phosphorus compound, 5‐diisopropoxy‐phosphoryl‐5‐methyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DIPPMPO), to form stable radical adducts, which are suitably detected and accurately quantified using 31P NMR in the presence of phosphorus containing internal standards. This system was applied for the detection of phenoxy radicals, as an alternative to traditional EPR techniques. More specifically, the phenoxy radicals were produced via the oxidation of different phenols by K3Fe(CN)6. The 31P NMR signals for the radical adducts of phenoxy radicals (PhO·) were assigned and found to be located at 25.2 ppm. Subsequently, this spin trapping system was applied to the oxidation of various phenols in the presence of peroxidases and 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator: the 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol and 2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenol were oxidized and only phenoxy radical adducts were detected, whereas during the oxidation of 2,4‐dimethylphenol and isoeugenol, other adducts were detected and related to radical delocalization. These preliminary efforts demonstrate the efficacy of our methodologies, so that a variety of radical species can now be readily detected and quantified using quantitative 31P NMR spin trapping techniques. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

9.
Complex spinning sidebands are observed in magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR spectra arising from isolated tightlyJ-coupled spin pairs under slow spinning conditions. Such spinning sidebands are sensitive to the magnitude and relative orientation of the chemical-shift tensors, the dipolar-coupling tensor, and the sign of the indirect spin–spin (J) coupling. We show that it is possible to extract information concerning such NMR parameters from an analysis of the observed spinning sidebands. As an example, numerical simulations are carried out to reproduce observed31P MAS NMR spectra of a phosphole tetramer (1) ando-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (2), so that invaluable information concerning the orientations of the phosphorus chemical-shift tensors and the sign ofJ(31P,31P) can be deduced. Simulations are carried out by numerically evaluating the spin-density matrix of the spin system.  相似文献   

10.
We present results for the helicity amplitudes of the lowest-lying hyperon resonances Y*, computed within the framework of the Bonn Constituent-Quark model, which is based on the Bethe-Salpeter approach. The seven parameters entering the model were fitted to the best-known baryon masses. Accordingly, the results for the helicity amplitudes are genuine predictions. Some hyperon resonances are seen to couple more strongly to a virtual photon with finite Q2 than to a real photon. Other Y*'s, such as the S01(1670) Λ-resonance or the S11(1620) Σ-resonance, couple very strongly to real photons. We present a qualitative argument for predicting the behaviour of the helicity asymmetries of baryon resonances at high Q2.-1  相似文献   

11.
R. Jimenez  A. Rivera  A. Varez  J. Sanz   《Solid State Ionics》2009,180(26-27):1362-1371
The dependence of Li mobility on structure and composition of Li0.5 − xNaxLa0.5TiO3 perovskites (0 ≤ x ≤  0.5) has been investigated by means of neutron diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy. At 300 K, all samples display a rhombohedral superstructure (R-3c S.G.), where octahedra are out of phase tilted along [111] direction of the ideal cubic cell. The elimination of the octahedral tilting is responsible for the rhombohedral–cubic transformation, detected near 1000 K. In these perovskites, La and Na cations are randomly distributed in A sites, but Li ions are fourfold coordinated at unit cell faces of the cubic perovskite. Lithium conductivity, σ300 K, decreases with the sodium content, decreasing from values typical of fast ionic conductors, 10− 3 S/cm, to those of good insulators, 10− 10 S/cm, when the interconnectivity between vacant A sites is lost (x > 0.3). In samples with x < 0.3, dc conductivity displays a non-Arrhenius behaviour, decreasing activation energy from ~ 0.37 to 0.25 eV when the sample is heated between 77 and 500 K. The temperature dependence of BLi factors shows the existence of two regimes for Li motion. Below 373 K, Li ions remain partially located near square oxygen windows that connect contiguous A sites, but above 400 K, extended Li motions become dominant. The additional decrease of activation energy from 0.25 to 0.16 eV (low-temperature 7Li NMR value), should require the full elimination of octahedral tilting which is only produced above 1000 °C.  相似文献   

12.
Proton energy spectra of the 197Au(e,p) reaction were measured in the region between 17 and 30 MeV at three angles: 40°, 90° and 140°. Two prominent bumps were observed in the (γ,p) spectra converted using virtual photon theory. The higher-energy bump shifts with photon energies and the lower-energy one stays at 10.5 MeV. The higher-energy bump is much larger at 40° than at 140°; on the contrary the angular dependence of the lower-energy bump is small. Neither bump can be described by a statistical calculation. A calculation of a microscopic shell model shows that the lower-energy bump is attributed to the decay of proton-particle–neutron-hole pairs in the T> states, leaving a neutron hole around the Fermi surface. The higher-energy bump can be ascribed to the direct–semidirect mechanism. This paper gives the solution to a part of the long-standing question about the origin of photo-proton emission in heavy nuclei.  相似文献   

13.
Matthias Koch 《Surface science》2006,600(18):3586-3589
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is performed on monolayer (ML) amounts of adsorbed 129Xe on a single crystal substrate. The inherently low sensitivity of NMR is overcome by using highly nuclear spin polarized 129Xe that has been produced by optical pumping. A polarization of 0.8 is regularly achieved which is 105 times the thermal (Boltzmann) polarization. The experiments are performed with a constant flux of xenon atoms impinging on the surface, typically 4 ML/s. The chemical shift (σ) of 129Xe is highly sensitive to the Xe local environment. We measured profoundly different shifts for the Xe bulk, for the surface of the Xe bulk, and for Xe on CO/Ir(1 1 1). The growth of the bulk is seen in a phase transition like change of σ as a function of temperature at constant Xe flux. At temperatures where no bulk forms at a flux of 4 ML/s, the xenon exchange rate was measured by a spin inversion/recovery method. The exchange time of Xe is found to be 0.24 s at 63.4 K and 64.4 K and somewhat longer at 61.2 K. An analysis is given involving the desorption out of the second layer and fast mixing of first and second layer atoms at these temperatures.  相似文献   

14.
The influence of spin dynamics on the Kondo effect manifestations in the Kondo lattices is investigated within perturbation theory with respect to thes-f interaction. It may give rise to Kondo-like divergencies in the electron self-energy already in the second order, resulting in an appreciable effective mass enhancement. As for usual Kondo contributions to thermodynamic and transport properties, the effect of spin dynamics reduces roughly to the replacement ln , with the characteristic spin-fluctuation energy. The thermoelectric power of dense Kondo systems is discussed. Singular contributions to the electron self-energies in the ferro-and antiferromagnetic state are considered. Kondo-like corrections to the intersite exchange interactions, saturation magnetic moment and total energy in a magnetically ordered state are calculated. The strong-coupling regionT<T K is investigated within the Anderson lattice model. A decrease ofT K due to spin fluctuations is demonstrated.  相似文献   

15.
We report the realization of an AlGaN/GaN HEMT on silicon (001) substrate with noticeably better transport and electrical characteristics than previously reported. The heterostructure has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The 2D electron gas formed at the AlGaN/GaN interface exhibits a sheet carrier density of 8×1012 cm−2 and a Hall mobility of 1800 cm2/V s at room temperature. High electron mobility transistors with a gate length of 4 μm have been processed and DC characteristics have been achieved. A maximum drain current of more than 500 mA/mm and a transconductance gm of 120 mS/mm have been obtained. These results are promising and open the way for making efficient AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices on Si(001).  相似文献   

16.
Low-energy theorems for elastic photon scattering (nuclear Compton scattering) from a nucleus of arbitrary spin are derived in the nonrelativistic approximation through terms quadratic in the photon frequency. The same derivation is made for the special case of 0+ → 0+ nuclear excitation by inelastic photon scattering (nuclear Raman scattering). Use is made of the general principle of gauge invariance, which bypasses the need to specify the form of the current operator explicitly. A general discussion of the contribution of mesonic exchanges is made and their effect is isolated. The center-of-mass correction to the nuclear diamagnetic susceptibility is calculated. The 0+ → 0+ two-photon decay amplitude is obtained from the nuclear Raman amplitude and the transition rate is calculated.  相似文献   

17.
Reaction product cross sections have been measured for reactions of4He projectile with54,56Fe,58Ni and59Co targets in the bombarding energy range 14–27 MeV. The cross-section-weighted average charge and mass removed from the compound system were deduced and compared with results reported for heavy-ion induced reactions. Variation of with E CN * is independent of the initial angular momentum of compound nucleus in theA=60 mass region in contrary to the rare-earth region. This would suggest a strong angular momentum removal from the compound nucleus by evaporation of particles forA60 nuclei. The average evaporated charge depends on both the CN excitation energy E CN * and the compound nucleusN andZ numbers. The and dependence on excitation energy and the projectile-target combination can be understood in terms of the statistical model calculations.We would like to acknowledge the interest and support of this work by Prof. A. Budzanowski. We wish to express our gratitude to Dr. E. Rurarz for his help with preparing the scattering chamber and Faraday cup used in this work. This work was supported by the Polish Government Central Research Program Grant CPBP 01.09 and the Polish Ministry of Education Grant G-MEN-207/90.  相似文献   

18.
The photoproduction of π 0 π 0 and π 0 π ± pairs off 40Ca has been investigated with the TAPS detector using the Glasgow photon tagging spectrometer at the Mainz MAMI accelerator. Data have been taken for incident photon energies in the energy range from 200-820MeV. Total cross-sections have been extracted from threshold up to the maximum photon energy and invariant-mass distributions of the pion pairs have been obtained for incident photon energies between 400-500MeV and 500-550MeV. The double π 0 invariant-mass distributions show some relative enhancement with respect to the mixed charge channel at small invariant masses. The effects are smaller than previously observed for lead nuclei and the distributions do not significantly deviate from carbon data. The data are in good agreement with the results of recent calculations in the framework of the BUU model, with careful treatment of final-state interaction effects but without an explicit in-medium modification of scalar, iso-scalar pion pairs. This means that for Ca most of the experimentally observed effect can be explained by final-state interactions. Only at low incident photon energies there is still a small low mass enhancement of the double π 0 data over the BUU results.  相似文献   

19.
Measurements of polarized electron-nucleon scattering can be realized at the TESLA linear collider facility with projected luminosities that are about two orders of magnitude higher than those expected of other experiments at comparable energies. Longitudinally polarized electrons, accelerated as a small fraction of the total current in the e+ arm of TESLA, can be directed onto a solid state target that may be either longitudinally or transversely polarized. A large variety of polarized parton distribution and fragmentation functions can be determined with unprecedented accuracy, many of them for the first time. A main goal of the experiment is the precise measurement of the x- and Q2-dependence of the unknown transversity distributions that will provide us with the full information on the nucleon's quark spin structure as relevant for high energy processes. Comparing their Q2-evolution to that of the corresponding helicity distributions constitutes an important precision test of the predictive power of QCD in the spin sector. The additional possibilities of using unpolarized targets and of experiments with a real photon beam turn TESLA-N into a versatile next-generation facility at the intersection of particle and nuclear physics.  相似文献   

20.
We present our experimental and theoretical studies regarding the energy and momentum relaxation of hot electrons in n-type bulk GaN and AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures. We determine the non-equilibrium temperatures and the energy relaxation rates in the steady state using the mobility mapping technique together with the power balance conditions as described by us elsewhere [N. Balkan, M.C. Arikan, S. Gokden, V. Tilak, B. Schaff, R.J. Shealy, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 (2002) 3457]. We obtain the e–LO phonon scattering time of 8 fs and show that the power loss of electrons due to optical phonon emission agrees with the theoretical prediction. The drift velocity–field curves at high electric fields indicate that the drift velocity saturates at approximately 3×106 cm/s for the two-dimensional structure and 4×106 cm/s for the bulk material at 77 K. These values are much lower than those predicted by the existing theories. A critical analysis of the observations is given with a model taking into account of the non-drifting non-equilibrium phonon production.  相似文献   

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