Inertial mass and the quantum vacuum fields

Even when the Higgs particle is finally detected, it will continue to be a legitimate question to ask whether the inertia of matter as a reaction force opposing acceleration is an intrinsic or extrinsic property of matter. General relativity specifies which geodesic path a free particle will follow, but geometrodynamics has no mechanism for generating a reaction force for deviation from geodesic motion. We discuss a different approach involving the electromagnetic zero‐point field (ZPF) of the quantum vacuum. It has been found that certain asymmetries arise in the ZPF as perceived from an accelerating reference frame. In such a frame the Poynting vector and momentum flux of the ZPF become non‐zero. Scattering of this quantum radiation by the quarks and electrons in matter can result in an acceleration‐dependent reaction force. Both the ordinary and the relativistic forms of Newton's second law, the equation of motion, can be derived from the electrodynamics of such ZPF‐particle interactions. Conjectural arguments are given why this interaction should take place in a resonance at the Compton frequency, and how this could simultaneously provide a physical basis for the de Broglie wavelength of a moving particle. This affords a suggestive perspective on a deep connection between electrodynamics, the origin of inertia and the quantum wave nature of matter.     

压缩真空态中原子与场的量子纠缠和量子discord

在压缩真空库中,研究了原子与场的相互作用下二比特体系的量子discord和量子纠缠的动力学行为.重点分析了原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数对量子纠缠和量子discord的影响.通过数值分析我们得到,随着原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数值的增加,量子纠缠和量子discord都会减小,但量子纠缠比量子discord减小的更快一些.最后研究了在原子的初始态系数和压缩真空库的压缩系数的值相同的情况下,量子discord比量子纠缠存在的时间更长些.     

纠缠态原子与压缩真空场Raman 相互作用的量子信息保真度

利用全量子理论和数值计算方法研究了两个全同的纠缠二能级原子与压缩真空场Raman相互作用的量子信息保真度.结果表明,系统、原子和场的保真度随初始光场的压缩参数的增加而急剧减小,且与两原子体系的纠缠度和原子间偶极-偶极相互作用强度相关联.     

旋转物体的等效原理及其空间实验

文章回溯了等效原理的历史,解释了弱等效原理（伽利略等效原理）、强等效原理（爱因斯坦等效原理）和甚强等效原理.实验检验表明,到10-13的实验精度时,没有观测到等效原理的破坏.文章最后,也是文章的主要目的,阐述了广义相对论的不足,即不能描写物质的自旋与引力场的耦合.自旋粒子或自转物体的能-动张量既有对称分量,也有非对称的分量,还有自旋张量.但是广义相对论的引力场方程中只包含了能-动张量对称分量,不包含反对称分量,更没有自旋张量的贡献.涉及自旋与引力场耦合的理论是（有挠率场的）引力规范理论,该理论预言：自旋粒子或旋转物体将偏离测地运动,因而破坏等效原理.为了检验这种破坏,文章作者及其合作者建议进行地面实验和空间实验.     

A nonperturbative variational approach to the vacuum structure in quantum chromodynamics

We study the vacuum structure in QCD in a nonperturbative manner using a variational approach with gluon condensates. We show that in Coulomb gauge as the coupling becomes moderately strong, the perturbative vacuum of QCD becomes unstable leading to gluon condensates and a gauge dependent effective mass for the gluons related to the gauge independent value of 〈vac‖G _μν ^a G ^aμν‖vac〉 of Shifmanet al.     

On the Casimir effect without cutoff

The formulation of the Casimir effect without cutoffs is discussed. Our derivation emphasizes the decisive role of the free-space electromagnetic energy density. The zero point energy arises as an energy per unit volume, i.e., as local (in x space) energy density. It is given by the vaccum expectation value of the free-space Hamiltonian density in the Fock representation corresponding to the non-trivial geometry. The two Fock representations corresponding to the system with and without plates are proved to be inequivalent.     

On the weak‐field approximation of nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics of the Plebański class

Plebański's class of nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics is considered, which is for several reasons of interest at the present time. In particular, the question is answered under which circumstances Maxwell's original field equations are recovered approximately and which ‘post‐Maxwellian’ effects could arise. To this end, a weak field approximation method is developed, allowing to calculate ‘post‐Maxwellian’ corrections up to Nth order. In some respect, this is analogue of determining ‘post‐Newtonian’ corrections from relativistic mechanics by a low velocity approximation. As a result, we got a series of linear field equations that can be solved order by order. In this context, the solutions of the lower orders occur as source terms inside the higher order field equations and represent a ‘post‐Maxwellian’ self‐interaction of the electromagnetic field, which increases order by order. It becomes apparent that one has to distinguish between problems with and without external source terms because without sources also high frequency solutions can be approximately described by Maxwell's original equations. The higher order approximations, which describe ‘post‐Maxwellian’ effects, can give rise to experimental tests of Plebańksi's class. Finally, two boundary value problems are discussed to have examples at hand.     

任意三角形平板刚体的转动惯量与惯量主轴

用一种简单的方法计算了均质的任意三角形平板刚体的转动惯量,并由此结果给出一般三角形的惯量主轴.     

前身中子星转动惯量的研究

The influences of σ^＊ and Ф mesons, temperature and coupling constants of nucleons on the moment of inertia of the proto neutron star （PNS） are examined in the framework of relativistic mean field theory for the baryon octet {n, p, A, ∑^-, ∑^,∑^＋,^-, ^0} system. It is found that, compared with that without considering σ^＊ and Ф mesons, the moment of inertia decreases. It is also found that the higher the temperature, the larger the incompressibility and symmetry energy coefficient, and the larger the moment of inertia of a PNS. The influence of temperature and coupling constants of the nucleons on the moment of inertia of a PNS is larger than that of the σ^＊ and Ф mesons.     

On the moment of inertia of a proto neutron star

The influences of σ* and Φ mesons,temperature and coupling constants of nucleons on the moment of inertia of the proto neutron star(PNS) are examined in the framework of relativistic mean field theory for the baryon octet {n,p,Λ,Σ+,Σ0,Σ+,Ξ-,Ξ0} system.It is found that,compared with that without considering σ* and Φ mesons,the moment of inertia decreases.It is also found that the higher the temperature,the larger the incompressibility and symmetry energy coeficient,and the larger the moment of inertia of a PNS.The influence of temperature and coupling constants of the nucleons on the moment of inertia of a PNS is larger than that of the σ* and Φ mesons.     

Causal signal transmission by quantum fields. VI: The Lorentz condition and Maxwell’s equations for fluctuations of the electromagnetic field

The general structure of electromagnetic interactions in the so-called response representation of quantum electrodynamics (QED) is analysed. A formal solution to the general quantum problem of the electromagnetic field interacting with matter is found. Independently, a formal solution to the corresponding problem in classical stochastic electrodynamics (CSED) is constructed. CSED and QED differ only in the replacement of stochastic averages of c-number fields and currents by time-normal averages of the corresponding Heisenberg operators. All relations of QED connecting quantum field to quantum current lack Planck’s constant, and thus coincide with their counterparts in CSED. In Feynman’s terms, one encounters complete disentanglement of the potential and current operators in response picture.     

等效原理空间实验检验

等效原理地面实验检验已经达到了10-13,为了进一步提高实验精度,寻找新的相互作用和检验引力理论,人们提出了一系列更高精度等效原理检验的卫星计划.文章主要概述了等效原理空间检验的原理、发展历史和发展现状,并对进一步空间等效原理检验进行了简要展望.     

等效原理空间实验检验

等效原理地面实验检验已经达到了10-13,为了进一步提高实验精度,寻找新的相互作用和检验引力理论,人们提出了一系列更高精度等效原理检验的卫星计划.文章主要概述了等效原理空间检验的原理、发展历史和发展现状,并对进一步空间等效原理检验进行了简要展望.     

Pressure of the fluctuating vacuum: Interpretation of the attractive and repulsive Casimir force

We calculate the Casimir force between two magnetodielectric slabs. The force expression is expressed in terms of parameters with which the repulsive effect is more transparent and convenient for numerical analysis. Finally, we propose a physical interpretation of the effect which clarifies the sign of force properly.     

耦合双原子与压缩真空场Raman相互作用系统的量子纠缠

利用全量子理论,研究了耦合双原子与单模压缩真空场Raman相互作用系统的量子纠缠特性,运用数值方法讨论了系统耦合常数和初始状态对纠缠特性的影响.     

非耗散介观含源电路的量子力学效应

本文对非耗散介观含源电路的量子力学效应进行了详细研究.导出了非耗散介观含源电路在压缩真空态下其电荷和电流的量子零点涨落,并得到了该电路在绝对零度时的量子噪音.