丰中子锰同位素的壳模型计算

利用球形壳模型和投影壳模型两种方法对Z≤28,N=40附近pf壳的丰中子核素的结构进行了一系列的研究。以丰中子的锰同位素为例讨论了对奇奇核58,60Mn的两种壳模型计算结果。结果显示,两种理论方法都很好地再现了58,60Mn实验上观测到的从低激发到高自旋态的能级。在对这两个同位素由中子g_9/2轨道闯入所产生的负宇称转动带进行描述时,两种理论计算也得到了一致的结果。通过对比,阐明了两种壳模型方法及其采用的有效相互作用在该丰中子核区的适用性,特别强调了中子g_9/2轨道的激发对于pf壳Z≤28丰中子核素结构的重要性。Recently,we have carried out a series of studies on the structures of pf shell neutron-rich nuclei around N=40 using the spherical shell model and the projected shell model respectively.As an example,these two types of shell model calculations for the neutron-rich odd-odd isotopes 58,60Mn are discussed in this paper.The results show that both the calculations reproduce the observed experimental energy levels from the lowexcitation states to the high-spin ones in 58,60Mn.Consistent results are also obtained by these two theoretical calculations when describing the negative-parity rotational band derived from the intruder neutron g_9/2 orbital in both isotopes.Through comparison,we show the applicability of these two shell model methods and the adopted effective interactions in the present neutron-rich mass region.The significance of the excitations from neutron g_9/2 orbital to the structures of the neutron-rich nuclei in pf shell with Z≤28 are especially emphasized in this paper.     

丰中子核105Mo单中子带结构的识别

通过对重核²⁵²Cf自发裂变产生的瞬发γ谱的测量, 对丰中子核¹⁰⁵Mo的能级结构进行了研究. 除确认与扩展了基带转动带外, 新识别了3个转动带, 它们分别被指定为建立在Nilsson能级3/2⁺[411], 1/2⁺[411]和5/2⁺[413]轨道上的单中子激发带, 并对这些集体带的特性进行了讨论.     

丰中子锶同位素的投影壳模型研究

利用考虑跨壳激发的投影壳模型（PSM）方法,研究了质子数Z=38、中子数N=63和64大形变丰中子101,102Sr同位素的结构性质。主要计算了转动谱、转动惯量和电磁跃迁性质等（如B（E2）和g因子）,并与相应的实验数据进行系统比较和相关的理论预言。结果表明,PSM可以利用理论计算的能带图解释101,102Sr同位素的转动惯量、电磁跃迁随自旋的变化,分析晕带的结构。PSM理论可以很好地再现实验结果,说明PSM方法及其采用的有效相互作用可以外推研究丰中子核区101,102Sr同位素的原子核结构。对于101,102Sr同位素,核子开始填布质子g_9/2和中子h_11/2轨道,通过更为仔细地分析能带图中来自质子g_9/2和中子h_11/2轨道对各转动带的组态成分的贡献,清晰地表明丰中子核结构性质对不同核子填布的依赖。Recently, we have carried out systematically studies on the structural properties of proton number Z=38, neutron number N=63 and 64 neutron-rich isotopes 101,102Sr by using the projected shell model (PSM) with consideration of cross shell excitation. The rotation spectra, the moment of inertia and the electromagnetic transition properties (such as B(E2) and g-factor) are calculated and compared with the corresponding experimental data in this paper. Furthermore, more high spin states are predicted in the calculation and expected to be confirmed experimentally. The results show that the PSM can not only well analyze the structural properties of yrast bands in 101,102Sr but also interpret the variation of the moment of inertia, electromagnetic transition with spins in terms with the theoretical band diagram. The good agreement with the experimental data suggests that the PSM with the adopted effective interactions can be generalized to study the nuclear structure of 101,102Sr isotopes in neutron-rich mass region. For 101,102Sr isotopes, the nucleons begin to fill proton g_9/2 and neutron h_11/2 orbital, the dependence of nuclear structure and properties on the different orbital occupies is described by carefully analyzing the contribution from proton g_9/2 and neutron h_11/2 orbital to the configuration of rotational bands in band diagram.     

内转换效应在稀土区丰中子新核素鉴别中的应用

用14MeV中子轰击天然镱靶,通过¹⁷⁶Yb(n,2p)反应产生了新核素¹⁷⁵Er的活性.由于丰中子核¹⁷⁵Er衰变γ跃迁有较大的内转换系数,因而伴随其衰变产生了较强子核Tm的特征X射线,因此,本工作借助于X-γ-t,γ-γ-t符合测量技术并结合对反应道的分析,成功地从复杂反应产物中鉴别出稀土新丰中子同位素¹⁷⁵Er的活性,并首次建议了该核素的部分衰纲图.     

通过破裂反应研究轻丰中子核的集团结构

概括介绍了关于轻丰中子同位素链集团结构的理论模型和通过破裂反应研究该结构的实验方法、 实验装置及物理分析。 The theoretical models of the cluster structures of the light neutron rich nuclei as well as the corresponding physical mechanism and experimental approaches by breakup reaction have been introduced, which may serve as references for possible experimental studies of the cluster structure of light neutron rich nuclei.      

丰中子Ru奇A核能级结构的进一步研究

通过对重核2?52?Cf自发裂变产生的瞬发γ谱的高精度测量数据的分析,扩展了丰中子奇A核10?9,111Ru的高自旋态,对不同延迟符合矩阵的数据分析,得到了10?7,10?9,111,113Ru低激发态多个能级的寿命,发现10?9Ru核中的96?.4keV的能级为一寿命约为130?0ns的同质异能态.对10?9,111Ru转动带的转动惯量随转动频率变化的分析表明,在相邻偶偶核110?Ru中观测到的集体回弯现象确实起源于一对h11/?2?中子的角动量顺排.用粒子?转子模型对10?7,10?9,111,113Ru的集体带的部分能级及跃迁几率进行了计算,得到与实验较为满意的符合,指出在这几个核中的中子h11/?2?闯入带尼尔逊轨道的起源.     

丰中子核91Y 的高自旋能级结构(英文)

丰中子核91Y 的高自旋能级结构通过82Se(13C, p3n)91Y 反应被再次研究了。新建立的包含几条关键能级的能级纲图澄清了以前研究中的几点不确定的地方。这几条能级具有Z=38 和N=56 子闭壳打破的特征,这涉及到张量力和自旋-同位旋依赖的中心力。High-spin level structure of the neutron-rich nucleus 91Y has been reinvestigated via the 82Se(13C, p3n)91Y reaction. A newly constructed level scheme including several key levels clarifies the uncertainties in the earlier studies. These levels are characterized by the breaking of the Z = 38 and N =56 subshell closures, which involves in tensor force and the spin-isospin dependent central force.     

轻丰中子核的壳模型计算

对9≤A≤14,3≤Z≤5的核进行了壳模型计算.以⁸He作为core,选用修正的表面δ相互作用(MSDI)作为残余相互作用,挑选了24个实验能谱数据,定出了MSDI的参数和单粒子能量,并计算了结合能、低激发谱、电磁性质等,得到与实验较符合的结果.并着重讨论了¹¹Be的宇称反转和halo结构的物理机理.计算程序为OXBASH.     

核子配对壳模型计算中的多体效应

截断到S ,D子空间的核子配对壳模型用于原子核1 2 8- 1 34 Xe和1 30 - 1 36 Ba的计算。为考虑多体效应 ,S ,D对分别用变分法和Tamm Dancoff近似给定。用一个含有三个参数的哈密顿量系统地描述了Xe和Ba同位素的能谱 ,本征态和电磁跃迁的强度。所得结果和实验结果符合得较好 ,并且在一定程度上改善了用表面δ相互作用决定的S ,D对所得结果中的不足之处。     

The nucleon pair approximation(NPA) of the shell model

In this paper we discuss the nucleon pair approximation of the shell model,based on our recent results which include a brief introduction to its framework and validity.We exemplify this model by studies of low-lying states for odd-odd nuclei in the mass number A-210 region.     

Structure analysis of ~(159)Sm and properties of odd-mass neutron-rich nuclei in mass-160 region

Recent fission experiment data provide interesting structure information for neutron-rich nuclei in the mass A ～ 160 region. We apply the projected shell model to study the strongly-deformed, neutron-rich Sm isotopes. We perform calculations for rotational bands up to spin I = 20 (29/2) for even-even (odd-neutron) Sm isotopes, and analyze the band structure of low-lying states with quasiparticle excitations. Emphasis is given to rotational bands based on one-quasiparticle (1-qp) configurations in the odd-ma...     

r-过程路径核β——衰变半衰期的估算

分析了20 < A < 190范围内丰中子核β衰变的实验数据,根据半衰期随质子数、中子数以及衰变能变化所呈现的壳效应和对效应等特点,提出了一种有效估算丰中子核β衰变寿命的公式。新的计算公式形式简单包含了较少的参数、计算量小。用该公式能较为准确地再现丰中子核的β衰变半衰期。用RIKEN最新测量丰中子核半衰期检验了该公式的外推能力,本工作可以为r-过程研究提供可靠的输入数据。Experimental data of the β--decay half-lives for the nuclei with atomic number between 20 and 190 are investigated. We have systematically studied the shell effects and pairing effects on β--decay half-lives versus the decay energy Q and nucleon numbers (Z, N). An empirical formula has been proposed to calculate the β--decay half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei. The empirical formula is simple and has relatively few parameters. Experimental β--decay half-lives of the neutron-rich nuclei are well reproduced by the new formula. In addition, the extrapolating capacity of this formula has been checked with the very recent experimental data from RIKEN. The predicted half-lives for r-process relevant nuclei with the current formula can be served as the reliable input of r-process model calculations.     

Neutron Halo and Nuclear Shell Structure in New Nuclide 31Ne

The ground state properties of new nuclide ^31Ne are investigated within the framework of the density-dependent relativistic mean-field theory.One-neutron halo in ^31Ne is predicted.Calculations also show that the ground state of ^31Ne is (3/2)^- and it can be used for the testing of the nuclear shell structure near the neutron-drip line.     

丰中子核8He在Si靶上的反应总截面的测量

利用HIRFL 50MeV/u ¹³C束流在Be靶上碎裂,RIBLL选择出丰中子放射性次级束流⁸He,实验测量了25—40MeV/u ⁸He在²⁸Si靶上的反应总截面.采用双参数HO密度分布形式,通过微观Glauber模型拟合⁸He实验数据,发现⁸He具有扩展的中子密度分布.实验结果与Warner反应总截面实验和Alkhazov弹性散射实验结果较好地符合.     

Confirmation/Observation of Hindered E2 Strengths in-16,18C

The lifetime of the first excited 2~+ state in ~(18)C was measured using an upgraded recoil shadow method to determine the electric quadrupole transition.The measured mean lifetime is 18.9±0.9 (stat)±4.4 (syst) ps,which corresponds to a B(E2;2~+_1→0~+_(gs)) value of (4.3±0.2±1.0) e~2fm~4,or about 1.5 Weisskopf units.The mean lifetime of the first 2~+ state in ~(16)C was remeasured to be about 18 ps,about four times shorter than the value reported previously.This discrepancy was explained by incorporating the γ-ray angular distribution measured in this work into the previous measurement.The observed transition strengths in ~(16,18)C are hindered compared to the empirical transition strengths,indicating that the anomalous hindrance observed in ~(16)C persists in ~(18)C.     

基于机器学习的多中子探测技术

中子滴线区的丰中子原子核结构是当前放射性核束物理研究的前沿热点之一。通过直接探测这些不稳定原子核衰变中发射的中子,不仅能提取核内部的多中子关联,也为丰中子核物质的性质研究提供重要的线索。为满足开展多中子探测实验的需求,本工作发展了基于机器学习的多中子识别算法,以大量的模拟数据作为训练样本,构建深度神经网络来逐事件判定反应的中子数,并进一步挑选出真实中子。本工作的结果表明,机器学习算法的四中子探测效率为~15%,传统算法为~1%,机器学习算法能将四中子探测效率显著提升10倍以上,有望应用到多中子探测实验中。