单光子LIF方法研究亚硝基苯266 nm光解动力学

用266nm激光解离亚硝基苯（C6H5NO）产生光解碎片NO,并利用单光子激光诱导荧光（LIF）技术（X^2Ⅱv″=0→A^2∑^+v′=0）测得初生态光解产物NO的振转光谱。根据计算所得的模拟光谱对光解碎片NO（X,v^″＝0）的转动量子数J″进行了归属,得到了量子数最大到J″＝50．5的转动能级的相对布居,这表面光解碎片NO具有较高的转动激发。提出了C6H5NO在266nm下可能的光解机理。     

NO2 在第二电子吸收带的光解

运用单光子激光诱导荧光方法 ,研究了NO2 分子在第二吸收带的光解反应动力学 .首次报道了NO2(B2 B2 态 )光解初生态产物NO自由基的v″ =1,2的转动分布 .发现了NO自由基v″ =1的明显双模式分布 .进而提出了可能有两种竞争机理控制该反应     

N_2O~ 离子A~2Σ~ 电子态的光解动力学研究

用一束波长为 36 0 5 5nm的激光 ,通过N2 O分子的 (3 1 )共振多光子电离 (REMPI)过程制备纯净且布居完全处于X2 Π(0 0 0 )态的母体离子N2 O ,然后用另一束波长在 2 75— 32 8nm范围内的可调谐激光将制备的N2 O 离子激发至预解离电子态A2 Σ .实验发现 ,由于解离碎片NO 所具有的一定的反冲速度 ,其TOF质谱峰明显比N2 O 母体宽 .通过分析NO 碎片TOF质谱峰形状 ,得到了解离产物的总平均平动能〈ET〉 ;通过考察〈ET〉随光解能量的变化 ,发现光解能量在 32 0 0 0cm- 1 附近约 2 5 0cm- 1 的变化范围内 ,〈ET〉值由约 80 0 0cm- 1 突然减小至约 1 6 0 0cm- 1 .通过分析 ,在光解能量小于 32 0 0 0cm- 1 的区域 ,解离通道为NO (X1 Σ ) N(4 S) ;而在光解能量大于 32 0 0 0cm- 1 的区域 ,另一个具有较高解离限的解离通道 ,NO (X1 Σ ) N(2 D) ,开启并完全取代N(4 S)通道成为解离的惟一通道 .根据实验结果 ,对在所研究的光解能量范围内的N2 O 离子A2 Σ 电子态预解离机理进行了探讨     

N2O+离子A2∑+电子态的光解动力学研究

用一束波长为360.55nm的激光,通过N2O分子的(3+1)共振多光子电离(REMPI)过程制备纯净且布居完全处于X2Ⅱ(000)态的母体离子N2O+,然后用另一束波长在275-328nm范围内的可调谐激光将制备的N2O+离子激发至预解离电子态A2∑+.实验发现,由于解离碎片NO+所具有的一定的反冲速度,其TOF质谱峰明显比N2O+母体宽.通过分析NO+碎片TOF质谱峰形状,得到了解离产物的总平均平动能;通过考察随光解能量的变化,发现光解能量在32000cm-1附近约250cm-1的变化范围内,值由约8000cm-1突然减小至约1600cm-1.通过分析,在光解能量小于32000cm-1的区域,解离通道为NO+(X1∑+)+N(4S);而在光解能量大于32000cm-1的区域,另一个具有较高解离限的解离通道,NO+(X1∑+)+N(2D),开启并完全取代N(4S)通道成为解离的惟一通道.根据实验结果,对在所研究的光解能量范围内的N2O+离子A2∑+电子态预解离机理进行了探讨.     

N2O+离子A2Σ+电子态高振动能级的转动结构分析

利用一束波长为360.55nm的激光,通过(3 1)共振多光子电离方法制备纯净的且处于X2Π1/2,3/2(000)态的N2O 离子,用另一束激光激发所制备的离子到第一电子激发态A2Σ 的不同振动能级,然后解离,通过检测解离碎片NO 强度随光解光波长的变化,得到了转动分辨的N2O 碎片激发谱.通过对光谱转动结构的拟合,获得了N2O 离子A2Σ 电子态一系列高振动能级的转动常数和自旋分裂常数.     

CS2 分子 1 B2(1 Σ+u )态预解离动力学研究

研究了CS2 分子1B2 (1Σ+u )预离解态线形势垒下的g振动能级光解动力学,包括预解离寿命、产物振转布居、平动振动转动能量分配和解离通道分支比.在实验过程中,一束可调谐激光激发超声射流冷却的CS2 分子到1B2 (1Σ+u )电子态,光解产物CS用另一束可调谐激光通过激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法检测.通过拟合光解碎片激发谱的谱峰轮廓,获得了源于不同跃迁初始态的1B2 (1Σ+u )态g振动能级的预解离寿命.通过分析CS的LIF光谱,则获得了不同光解波长下CS碎片的v=0~8振动态布居、v=1、4 ~8振动态的转动布居、能量分配以及两个预解离通道CS(X1Σ+ ) +S(3PJ)和CS(X1Σ+ ) +S(1D2 )的分支比.实验还考察了初始态弯曲振动量子数v2″、振动角动量量子数l对解离动力学的影响.发现v2″的影响不大,而l的影响却是明显的.较大的l(=K)对应于较短的寿命和较小的通道分支比S(3PJ) /S(1D2 ),即大的l(=K)有利于预解离的发生,同时更有利于产生S(1D2 ).     

N2O+离子A2Σ+电子态的光解动力学研究

用一束波长为360.55nm的激光，通过N2O分子的（3+1）共振多光子电离（REMPI）过程制备纯净且布居完全处于X2Π(000)态的母体离子N2O+，然后用另一束波长在275—328nm范围内的可调谐激光将制备的N2O+离子激发至预解离电子态A2Σ+.实验发现，由于解离碎片NO+所具有的一定的反冲速度，其TOF质谱峰明显比N2O+母体宽.通过分析NO+碎片TOF质谱峰形状，得到了解离产物的总平均平动能〈ET〉；通过考察〈ET〉随光解能量的变化，发现光解能量在32000cm-1附近约250cm-1的变化 关键词： N2O+离子A2Σ+态 TOF质谱峰 预解离机理     

N2O+离子A2∑+电子态的光谱研究

用一束波长为360.55 nm的激光,通过N2O分子的(3+1)共振增强多光子电离过程制备纯净的母体离子N2O+X2Ⅱ3/2,1/2(000).用另一束可调谐激光将N2O+离子激发至预解离态A2Σ+,利用飞行时间质谱检测解离碎片NO+离子强度随光解光波长的变化,在278-328 nm波长范围内获得了光解碎片的激发(PHOFEX)谱.观测到了N2O+离子A2Σ+←X2Ⅱ电子跃迁较丰富的振动谱带.通过对PHOFEX光谱的标识,获得了A2∑+态较准确和全面的分子光谱常数.     

硝基甲烷与硝基乙烷266 nm光解动力学

利用单光子激光诱导荧光技术，在硝基甲烷与硝基乙烷气相条件下266 nm光解过程中，对初生态的解离产物OH进行了测量．结果表明，两个解离过程中产生的初生态OH都没有振动激发．硝基甲烷光解过程中产生的OH的转动分布可以用玻尔兹曼温度简单的表示，相对于自旋轨道分裂的2|3=2与2|1=2两个态，其转动温度分别为2045§150与1923§150 K．硝基乙烷光解过程中产生的OH不是简单的玻尔兹曼分布，因此不能用玻尔兹曼温度来描述，这一结果 意味着硝基甲烷与硝基乙烷在生成OH的过程中经历了不同的解离过程．硝基甲烷     

激光光解NO_2产物—NO分子NO(X~2П)与氧原子O(~3PJ″)的REMPI离子谱研究

利用激光光解NO2 分子 ,通过共振增强多光子电离 (REMPIresonanceenhancedmultiphotoionization)及飞行时间 (TOFtimeofflight)质谱技术 ,获得了振转态分辨的NO(X2 Π ,υ″,J″)与自旋 轨道分辨的氧原子O(2P3PJ″ =2 ,1,0 )离子谱 NO分子与O原子的离子信号强度与UV电离激光能量之间的关系分别能用二次方和三次方曲线很好拟合 ,它表明 :光解产物NO分子和氧原子是分别通过 (1+1)和 (2 +1)多光子吸收过程而被电离的 由氧离子信号得到的氧原子基态三个自旋 轨道支能级布居比f1与f0 分别为 0 .5 4± 0 .0 9和 0 .2 0± 0 .0 4 ,这一比值与统计分布计算的值为 0 .6和 0 .2一致     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.