C60分子在有序-无序和玻璃态相变间的取向概率与弛豫行为

用极限动力学模型研究了Ｃ₆₀分子在有序-无序相变和玻璃态相变温度区间取向 角为98°和38°的取向概率与温度的关系.计算结果在玻璃态相变点附近的85K,90K和有序- 无序相变点的260K分别与实验值相吻合,取向概率对实验值更精确的拟合及其对温度的二阶 导数预言玻璃态相变点在84K.导出了弛豫规律,其结果表明：双能级的Ｃ₆₀分子从非平衡态到平衡态的弛豫行为与非指数因子β有关,其总的弛豫时间决定于其中一个较 短的弛豫时间,展宽指数形式保持不变.讨论了KWW方程的非 关键词： 60')" href="#">Ｃ₆₀ 取向概率 非平衡态弛豫     

C60分子在有序-无序和玻璃态相变间的取向概率与弛豫行为

用极限动力学模型研究了C60分子在有序-无序相变和玻璃态相变温度区间取向角为98°和38°的取向概率与温度的关系.计算结果在玻璃态相变点附近的85!K,90!K和有序-无序相变点的260!K分别与实验值相吻合,取向概率对实验值更精确的拟合及其对温度的二阶导数预言玻璃态相变点在84!K.导出了弛豫规律,其结果表明:双能级的C60分子从非平衡态到平衡态的弛豫行为与非指数因子β有关,其总的弛豫时间决定于其中一个较短的弛豫时间,展宽指数形式保持不变.讨论了KWW方程的非指数因子β与分子间协同作用的关系,发现与双取向态间的能级差有关,计算值与实验结果相同.     

碱金属低掺杂C60化合物中碱金属离子平衡位置的研究

以Na2RbC60为例,在分析了现有模型的局限性后,考虑C60分子的取向,重新构造了碱金属离子与C60之间相互作用模型,并由此研究了碱金属离子在C60晶体中的平衡位置,确定了八面体位置的离子偏离中心,四面体位置的离子保留在中心.结果更符合实验事实.同时指出,由于取向有序,晶体内位于不同坐标的八面体间隙离子与四面体间隙离子体现出明显的两类. 关键词：     

K3C60取向相变的同步辐射光电子谱研究

在190K,220K和300K3个不同温度下测量了K3C60单晶薄膜沿[111]方向发射的同步辐射角分辨光电子谱。样品温度为190K时,能够观察到导带有规律的色散,并且带结构与已报道的温度为150K时的结果基本一样。而在220K附近,导带的许多子峰消失,色散不再存在。这两个温度的实验结果与K3C60在200K存在取向相变相符合,并且可在反铁磁Ising模型基础上得到理解。这种模型的定量分析结果还首次对K3C60在200K的相变机理作出了解释,即相变是由低温下的一维无序取向结构转变为200K以上的双取向结构畴与无序分子（约占40%）的混合。室温光电子谱与低温下的结果显著不同,对应于C60分子取向在室温附近的动态无序。     

碱金属低掺杂C60化合物中碱金属离子平衡位置的研究

以Na2RbC60为例,在分析了现有模型的局限性后,考虑C60分子的取向,重新构造了碱金属离子与C60之间相互作用模型,并由此研究了碱金属离子在C60晶体中的平衡位置,确定了八面体位置的离子偏离中心,四面体位置的离子保留在中心.结果更符合实验事实.同时指出,由于取向有序,晶体内位于不同坐标的八面体间隙离子与四面体间隙离子体现出明显的两类.     

癸胺盐酸盐晶体相变的拉曼光谱研究

在290—340K温度范围内,考察了标题化合物分子链的C—H和C—C伸缩振动等主要拉曼散射谱带频率和强度随温度的变化。结果表明,癸胺盐酸盐晶体在313K和321K发生两次结构相变。在低于313K时,分子链以完全有序的全反式构象存在;在313K以上时,分子链出现了旁式构象。高于321K时,随着旁式链构象的骤增,分子链的侧向填充有序度明显降低,链的“流动性”明显增强。     

K3C60在200K附近的取向相变机理

研究了K₃C₆₀单晶薄膜在200K附近的导带结构.样品温度为190K时,同步辐射角分辨光电子谱能够观察到[111]方向有规律的能带色散.而在220K附近色散不存在.这一实验结果与K₃C₆₀在200K存在取向相变相符合.用反铁磁Ising模型对实验结果进行了分析.结果表明,K₃C₆₀在200K的相变是由低温下的一维无序取向结构转变为200K以上的双取向结构畴与无序分子(约占40 关键词： 3C₆₀')" href="#">K₃C₆₀ 取向相变机理     

K_3C_(60)在200K附近的取向相变机理

研究了K3C6 0 单晶薄膜在 2 0 0K附近的导带结构 .样品温度为 190K时 ,同步辐射角分辨光电子谱能够观察到[111]方向有规律的能带色散 .而在 2 2 0K附近色散不存在 .这一实验结果与K3C6 0 在 2 0 0K存在取向相变相符合 .用反铁磁Ising模型对实验结果进行了分析 .结果表明 ,K3C6 0 在 2 0 0K的相变是由低温下的一维无序取向结构转变为2 0 0K以上的双取向结构畴与无序分子 (约占 40 % )的混合     

使用液晶器件的物理光学演示仪

液晶材料的性质液晶材料是由棒状或线状分子构成的有机物质,其长度约为1～3nm,厚度约10~(-1)nm。在某温度范围内,这些材料呈现有序晶体的光学性质(即分子往往互相平行排列),但有液体的流动性。广泛作为液晶使用的材料是联苯(Biphenyl)、苯基环己烷(Phenylcyclohexane)和环己基环己烷(Cyclohexylcyclohexane)族。液晶材料一般有三种类型:近晶相、向列相和胆甾相,以其分子排列的移动或取向顺序来区分。因为各个液晶分子具有折射率各向异性(由于其细长的形状),介电常数各向异性(由于永久或感生偶极矩),所以材     

ErFeO3单晶反常负磁化和补偿温度点性研究

通过光学浮区法生长了直径为6mm,长度约为75mm的晶体,结构分析表明实验样品呈单相的正交钙钛矿结构,并通过劳厄定向仪对ErFeO3晶体进行了定向.系统测量了ErFeO3晶体a,c方向的热磁曲线和不同温度下的磁化曲线.结果表明,随着温度的降低,在98～86K范围该体系经历了从Г4(Gx,Fz)相到Г2(Gz,Fx)相的自旋重取向转变.在ErFeO3体系中,由于Er离子磁矩反平行于Fe离子磁矩分子场,在46K附近,在a方向上Er的反向磁矩大于Fe离子磁矩,导致出现负磁化和磁化补偿点现象.随着外加测量场的增强,a轴向上的负磁化被抑制,补偿温度点向高温移动.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.