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1.
The trivalent metal cations Al3+, Cr3+, and Fe3+ were each introduced, together with Sc3+, into MIL‐100(Sc,M) solid solutions (M=Al, Cr, Fe) by direct synthesis. The substitution has been confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and solid‐state NMR, UV/Vis, and X‐ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopy. Mixed Sc/Fe MIL‐100 samples were prepared in which part of the Fe is present as α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles within the mesoporous cages of the MOF, as shown by XAS, TGA, and PXRD. The catalytic activity of the mixed‐metal catalysts in Lewis acid catalysed Friedel–Crafts additions increases with the amount of Sc present, with the attenuating effect of the second metal decreasing in the order Al>Fe>Cr. Mixed‐metal Sc,Fe materials give acceptable activity: 40 % Fe incorporation only results in a 20 % decrease in activity over the same reaction time and pure product can still be obtained and filtered off after extended reaction times. Supported α‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles were also active Lewis acid species, although less active than Sc3+ in trimer sites. The incorporation of Fe3+ into MIL‐100(Sc) imparts activity for oxidation catalysis and tandem catalytic processes (Lewis acid+oxidation) that make use of both catalytically active framework Sc3+ and Fe3+. A procedure for using these mixed‐metal heterogeneous catalysts has been developed for making ketones from (hetero)aromatics and a hemiacetal.  相似文献   

2.
In order to know the relationship between structures and physicochemical properties of Group 12 metal(II) ions, the complexes with ‘simple’ ligands, such as alkyl cyclic diamine ligand and halide ions, were synthesized by the reaction of 1,4‐dimethylhomopiperazine (hp′) with MX2 as metal sources (M = Zn, Cd; X = Cl, Br, I). The five structural types, [ZnX2(hp′)] (X = Cl ( 1 ), Br ( 2 ) and I ( 3 )), [ZnX3(Hhp′)] (X = Cl ( 1′ ) and Br ( 2′ )), [CdCl2(hp′)]n ( 4 ), [{CdCl2(Hhp′)}2(µ‐Cl)2] ( 4′ ) and [{CdX(hp′)}2(µ‐X)2] (X = Br ( 5 ), I ( 6 )), were determined by X‐ray analysis. The sizes of both metal(II) and halide ions and the difference in each other's polarizability influence each structure. All complexes were characterized by IR, far‐IR, Raman and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopies. In the far‐IR and Raman spectra, the typical ν(M N) and ν(M X) peaks clearly depend on the five structural types around 540–410 cm−1 and 350–160 cm−1 respectively. The UV–Vis absorption band energy around 204–250 nm also reflects each structural type. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
Reaction of O2 with a high‐spin mononuclear iron(II) complex supported by a five‐azole donor set yields the corresponding mononuclear non‐heme iron(III)–superoxo species, which was characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy. 1H NMR analysis reveals diamagnetic nature of the superoxo complex arising from antiferromagnetic coupling between the spins on the low‐spin iron(III) and superoxide. This superoxo species reacts with H‐atom donating reagents to give a low‐spin iron(III)–hydroperoxo species showing characteristic UV/Vis, resonance Raman, and EPR spectra.  相似文献   

4.
The nickel‐promoted Cu‐containing catalysts (CuxNiy‐MgAlO) for furfural (FFR) hydrogenation were prepared from the hydrotalcite‐like precursors, and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, inductively‐coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption, UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and temperature‐programmed reduction with H2 in the present work. The obtained catalysts were observed to exhibit a better catalytic property than the corresponding Cu‐MgAlO or Ni‐MgAlO samples in FFR hydrogenation, and the CuNi‐MgAlO catalyst with the actual Cu and Ni loadings of 12.5 wt% and 4.5 wt%, respectively, could give the highest FFR conversion (93.2%) and furfuryl alcohol selectivity (89.2%). At the same time, Cu0 species from the reduction of Cu2+ ions in spinel phases were deduced to be more active for FFR hydrogenation.  相似文献   

5.
Employing a “one‐pot” synthesis strategy, the reaction of Na2WO4·2H2O, Na2HAsO4·7H2O, FeCl3·6H2O, various Ln3+ ions, and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) in aqueous solutions with pH values ranging from 5.5 to 6.5 results in the isolation of polytungstoarsenate‐based iron aggregates, ‐K8Na14[HMTA]4[(FeIII3FeII0.25(OH)3)(AsO4)(AsW9O34)]4·24H2O ( 1 ) (HMTA = hexamethylenetetraamine). The polyoxoanion of 1 contains a mixed‐valent {FeIII12FeII3‐OH)124‐AsO4)4} cluster surrounded by four [B‐α‐AsW9O34]9? units. It is the first polytungstatoarsenate‐based mixed‐valent {FeIII12FeII} aggregate and the largest iron cluster based on [AsW9O34]9? ligands. The compound was characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis absorption, and diffuse‐reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy, TG analyses, XRPD, XPS and gel‐filtration chromatography. The electrochemical and electrocatalytical properties were also investigated. Crystal data for 1 , orthorhombic, Fddd, a = 28.156(6) Å, b = 36.003(7) Å, c = 42.126(8) Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°, Z = 8.  相似文献   

6.
The study reports the synthesis of complexes Co(HL)Cl2 ( 1 ), Ni(HL)Cl2 ( 2 ), Cu(HL)Cl2 ( 3 ), and Zn(HL)3Cl2 ( 4 ) with the title ligand, 5‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione (HL), and their characterization by elemental analyses, ESI‐MS (m/z), FT‐IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as EPR in the case of the CuII complex. The comparative analysis of IR spectra of the metal ion complexes with HL and HL alone indicated that the metal ions in 1 , 2 , and 3 are chelated by two nitrogen atoms, N(4) of pyrazine and N(5) of triazole in the thiol tautomeric form, whereas the ZnII ion in 4 is coordinated by the non‐protonated N(2) nitrogen atom of triazole in the thione form. pH potentiometry and UV/Vis spectroscopy were used to examine CoII, NiII, and ZnII complexes in 10/90 (v/v) DMSO/water solution, whereas the CuII complex was examined in 40/60 (v/v) DMSO/water solution. Monodeprotonation of the thione triazole in solution enables the formation of the L:M = 1:1 species with CoII, NiII and ZnII, the 2:1 species with CoII and ZnII, and the 3:1 species with ZnII. A distorted tetrahedral arrangement of the CuII complex was suggested on the basis of EPR and Vis/NIR spectra.  相似文献   

7.
The oxidation of light alkanes that is catalyzed by heme and nonheme iron enzymes is widely proposed to involve highly reactive {FeV?O} species or {FeIV?O} ligand cation radicals. The identification of these high‐valent iron species and the development of an iron‐catalyzed oxidation of light alkanes under mild conditions are of vital importance. Herein, a combination of tridentate and bidentate ligands was used for the generation of highly reactive nonheme {Fe?O} species. A method that employs [FeIII(Me3tacn)(Cl‐acac)Cl]+ as a catalyst in the presence of oxone was developed for the oxidation of hydrocarbons, including cyclohexane, propane, and ethane (Me3tacn=1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane; Cl‐acac=3‐chloro‐acetylacetonate). The complex [FeIII(Tp)2]+ and oxone enabled stoichiometric oxidation of propane and ethane. ESI‐MS, EPR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, 18O labeling experiments, and DFT studies point to [FeIV(Me3tacn)({Cl‐acac}.+)(O)]2+ as the catalytically active species.  相似文献   

8.
Reduction of the FeII complex [(PhPP2Cy)FeCl2] ( 2 ) generated an electron‐rich and unsaturated Fe0 species, which was reacted with white phosphorus. The resulting new complex, [(PhPP2Cy)Fe(η4‐P4)] ( 3 ), is the first iron cyclo‐P4 complex and the only known stable end‐deck cyclo‐P4 complex outside Group V. Complex 3 features an FeII center, as shown by Mössbauer spectroscopy, associated to a P42? fragment. The distinct reactivity of complex 3 was rationalized by analysis of the molecular orbitals. Reaction of complex 3 with H+ afforded the unstable complex [(PhPP2Cy)Fe(η4‐P4)(H)]+ ( 4 ), whereas with CuCl and BCF, the complexes [(PhPP2Cy)Fe(η41‐P4)(μ‐CuCl)]2 ( 5 ) and [(PhPP2Cy)Fe(η41‐P4)B(C6F5)3] ( 6 ) were formed.  相似文献   

9.
The present study focuses on the formation and reactivity of hydroperoxo–iron(III) porphyrin complexes formed in the [FeIII(tpfpp)X]/H2O2/HOO? system (TPFPP=5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)‐21H,23H‐porphyrin; X=Cl? or CF3SO3?) in acetonitrile under basic conditions at ?15 °C. Depending on the selected reaction conditions and the active form of the catalyst, the formation of high‐spin [FeIII(tpfpp)(OOH)] and low‐spin [FeIII(tpfpp)(OH)(OOH)] could be observed with the application of a low‐temperature rapid‐scan UV/Vis spectroscopic technique. Axial ligation and the spin state of the iron(III) center control the mode of O? O bond cleavage in the corresponding hydroperoxo porphyrin species. A mechanistic changeover from homo‐ to heterolytic O? O bond cleavage is observed for high‐ [FeIII(tpfpp)(OOH)] and low‐spin [FeIII(tpfpp)(OH)(OOH)] complexes, respectively. In contrast to other iron(III) hydroperoxo complexes with electron‐rich porphyrin ligands, electron‐deficient [FeIII(tpfpp)(OH)(OOH)] was stable under relatively mild conditions and could therefore be investigated directly in the oxygenation reactions of selected organic substrates. The very low reactivity of [FeIII(tpfpp)(OH)(OOH)] towards organic substrates implied that the ferric hydroperoxo intermediate must be a very sluggish oxidant compared with the iron(IV)–oxo porphyrin π‐cation radical intermediate in the catalytic oxygenation reactions of cytochrome P450.  相似文献   

10.
The facile redox‐assisted assembly of a water‐soluble, extremely robust, cyanide‐bridged mixed‐valence [{CoIII{(Me)2(μ‐ET)cyclen}}2{(μ‐NC)2FeII(CN)4}2]2? square is reported. The preparation process involved the use of the enhanced lability of inert CoIII synthons triggered by outer‐sphere redox processes. Characterization of the final compounds has been carried out by NMR, UV/Vis, electrochemistry, and ICP analyses. DFT calculations have been conducted to optimize a structure that has the same hydrodynamic radius as that obtained from DOSY experiments. The new compound is extremely robust, surviving in aqueous solution within the 0–12 pH range for months. The species shows a high affinity for both protons and hydroxo ions in aqueous medium.  相似文献   

11.
Ligand L (4‐(7‐nitrobenzo[1,2,5]oxadiazole‐4‐yl)‐1,7‐dimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetra‐azacyclododecane) is a versatile fluorescent sensor useful for CuII, ZnII and CdII metal detection, as a building block of fluorescent metallo‐receptor for halide detection, and as an organelle marker inside live cells. Ligand L undergoes a chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effect upon metal coordination in acetonitrile solution. In all three complexes investigated the metal cation is coordinatively unsaturated; thus, it can bind secondary ligands as anionic species. The crystal structure of [Zn L Cl](ClO4) is discussed. CuII and ZnII complexes are quenched upon halide interaction, whereas the [Cd L ]2+ species behaves as an OFF–ON sensor for halide anions in acetonitrile solution. The mechanism of the fluorescence response in the presence of the anion depends on the nature of the metal ion employed and has been studied by spectroscopic methods, such as NMR spectroscopy, UV/Vis and fluorescence techniques and by computational methods. Subcellular localization experiments performed on HeLa cells show that L mainly localizes in spot‐like structures in a polarized portion of the cytosol that is occupied by the Golgi apparatus to give a green fluorescence signal.  相似文献   

12.
《中国化学》2017,35(10):1619-1626
A series of SBA‐15‐supported chromia‐ceria catalysts with 3% Cr and 1%–5% Ce (3Cr‐Ce/SBA) were prepared using an incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, SEM, TEM‐EDX, Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, XPS and H2‐TPR, and their catalytic performance for isobutane dehydrogenation with CO2 was tested. The addition of ceria to SBA‐15‐supported chromia improves the dispersion of chromium species. 3Cr‐Ce/SBA catalysts are more active than SBA‐15‐supported chromia (3Cr/SBA), which is due to a higher concentration of Cr6+ species present on the former catalysts. The 3Cr‐3Ce/SBA catalyst shows the highest activity, which gives 35.4% isobutane conversion and 89.6% isobutene selectivity at 570 °C after 10 min of the reaction.  相似文献   

13.
The development of environmentally benign catalysts for highly enantioselective asymmetric cis‐dihydroxylation (AD) of alkenes with broad substrate scope remains a challenge. By employing [FeII(L)(OTf)2] (L=N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐bis(2‐methyl‐8‐quinolyl)‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine) as a catalyst, cis‐diols in up to 99.8 % ee with 85 % isolated yield have been achieved in AD of alkenes with H2O2 as an oxidant and alkenes in a limiting amount. This “[FeII(L)(OTf)2]+H2O2” method is applicable to both (E)‐alkenes and terminal alkenes (24 examples >80 % ee, up to 1 g scale). Mechanistic studies, including 18O‐labeling, UV/Vis, EPR, ESI‐MS analyses, and DFT calculations lend evidence for the involvement of chiral FeIII‐OOH active species in enantioselective formation of the two C?O bonds.  相似文献   

14.
A water‐insoluble picket‐fence porphyrin was first assembled on nitrogen‐doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNx MWNTs) through Fe? N coordination for highly efficient catalysis and biosensing. Scanning electron micrographs, Raman spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, UV/Vis absorption spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectra were employed to characterize this novel nanocomposite. By using electrochemical methods on the porphyrin at low potential in neutral aqueous solution, the presence of CNx MWNTs led to the direct formation of a high‐valent iron(IV)–porphyrin unit, which produced excellent catalytic activity toward the oxidation of sulfite ions. By using sulfite ions, a widely used versatile additive and preservative in the food and beverage industries, as a model, a highly sensitive amperometric biosensor was proposed. The biosensor showed a linear range of four orders of magnitude from 8.0×10?7 to 4.9×10?3 mol L?1 and a detection limit of 3.5×10?7 mol L?1 due to the highly efficient catalysis of the nanocomposite. The designed platform and method had good analytical performance and could be successfully applied in the determination of sulfite ions in beverages. The direct noncovalent assembly of porphyrin on CNx MWNTs provided a facile way to design novel biofunctional materials for biosensing and photovoltaic devices.  相似文献   

15.
The catalytic decomposition of formic acid to generate syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO) is a highly valuable strategy for energy conversion. Syngas can be used directly in internal combustion engines or can be converted to liquid fuels, meeting future energy challenges in a sustainable manner. Herein, we report the use of homogeneous molecular iron catalysts combined with a CdS nanorods (NRs) semiconductor to construct a highly efficient photocatalytic system for direct conversion of formic acid to syngas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Under optimal conditions, the photocatalytic system presents an activity of 150 mmol gcatalyst?1 h?1 towards H2, and an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 16.8 %, making it among the most active noble‐metal‐free photocatalytic systems for H2 evolution from formic acid under visible light. Meanwhile, these iron‐based molecular catalysts also demonstrate remarkable enhancement in CO evolution with robust stability. The mechanistic role of the molecular catalyst is further investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, which suggests the formation of FeI species as the key step in the catalytic conversion of formic acid to syngas.  相似文献   

16.
A new 3D MnII metal‐organic framework compound {Mn(phen)(dcbp)}n (H2dcbp = 4,4‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline) was isolated under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized. In the compound, the dcbp ligand is deprotonated to give a neutral species (metal:ligand with 1:1 stoichiometry). Along the c axis, the neighboring MnII ions are linked by two carboxylate bridges in µ2‐coordinating mode to generate a 1D zigzag chain, and these chains are interlinked by dicarboxylate groups of long dcbp ligands to generate a 3D (4,4)‐connected structure with the (42.84) net topology. IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements were made, which indicated weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the MnII ions of the compound.  相似文献   

17.
Hexacoordinated non‐heme iron complexes [FeII(L1)2](ClO4)2 ( 1 ) and [FeII(L2)2](PF6)2 ( 2 ) have been synthesized using ligands L1 = (E)‐2‐chloro‐6‐(2‐(pyridin‐2ylmethylene) hydrazinyl)pyridine and L2 = (E)‐2‐chloro‐6‐(2‐(1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl) pyridine]. These complexes are highly active non‐heme iron catalysts to catalyze the C (sp3)?H bonds of alkanes. These iron complexes have been characterized using ESI?MS analysis and molecular structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography. ESI ? MS analysis also helped to understand the generation of intermediate species like FeIII?OOH and FeIV=O. DFT and TD?DFT calculations revealed that the oxidation reactions were performed through high‐valent iron center and a probable reaction mechanism was proposed. These complexes were also utilized for the degradation of orange II and methylene blue dyes.  相似文献   

18.
The conversion of biomass into valuable carbon composites as efficient non‐precious metal oxygen‐reduction electrocatalysts is attractive for the development of commercially viable polymer electrolyte membrane fuel‐cell technology. Herein, a versatile iron–tannin‐framework ink coating strategy is developed to fabricate cellulose‐derived Fe3C/Fe‐N‐C catalysts using commercial filter paper, tissue, or cotton as a carbon source, an iron–tannin framework as an iron source, and dicyandiamide as a nitrogen source. The oxygen reduction performance of the resultant Fe3C/Fe‐N‐C catalysts shows a high onset potential (i.e. 0.98 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), and large kinetic current density normalized to both geometric electrode area and mass of catalysts (6.4 mA cm?2 and 32 mA mg?1 at 0.80 V vs RHE) in alkaline condition. This method can even be used to prepare efficient catalysts using waste carbon sources, such as used polyurethane foam.  相似文献   

19.
The isomorphous partial substitution of Zn2+ ions in the secondary building unit (SBU) of MFU‐4l leads to frameworks with the general formula [MxZn(5–x)Cl4(BTDD)3], in which x≈2, M=MnII, FeII, CoII, NiII, or CuII, and BTDD=bis(1,2,3‐triazolato‐[4,5‐b],[4′,5′‐i])dibenzo‐[1,4]‐dioxin. Subsequent exchange of chloride ligands by nitrite, nitrate, triflate, azide, isocyanate, formate, acetate, or fluoride leads to a variety of MFU‐4l derivatives, which have been characterized by using XRPD, EDX, IR, UV/Vis‐NIR, TGA, and gas sorption measurements. Several MFU‐4l derivatives show high catalytic activity in a liquid‐phase oxidation of ethylbenzene to acetophenone with air under mild conditions, among which Co‐ and Cu derivatives with chloride side‐ligands are the most active catalysts. Upon thermal treatment, several side‐ligands can be transformed selectively into reactive intermediates without destroying the framework. Thus, at 300 °C, CoII‐azide units in the SBU of Co‐MFU‐4l are converted into CoII‐isocyanate under continuous CO gas flow, involving the formation of a nitrene intermediate. The reaction of CuII‐fluoride units with H2 at 240 °C leads to CuI and proceeds through the heterolytic cleavage of the H2 molecule.  相似文献   

20.
Herein, we find that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra of silver nanoprisms in the presence of halide ions change gradually with reaction time. The changes in the spectra correspond to the shape transformation of silver nanoprisms. There are threshold concentrations of halide ions that initiate the shape‐transformation reaction. The threshold concentrations for Cl?, Br?, and I? are about 3×10?4 M , 1×10?6 M , and 1.5×10?6 M , respectively. Any concentrations of the added halide ions above these thresholds can eventually etch the silver nanoprisms into nanodisks if the reaction time is long enough. The higher the concentration of the halide ions, the higher the etching rate will be. The kinetics of the shape transformation of the silver nanoprisms can be studied by recording their time‐dependent surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectra on a commercial UV/Vis–NIR spectrometer. The peak positions of in‐plane dipole SPR bands of silver colloids in the presence of chloride and bromide ions can be fitted very well with the biexponential functions. We propose that the fast components of the biexponential behaviors should correlate to the truncating effect on the corners of silver nanoprisms, and the slow component should correlate to the redeposition of the truncated residues onto the basal plane of the nanoplates.  相似文献   

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