Ag/SBA-15低温气相选择性催化氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛（英文）

以SBA-15为载体,采用浸渍法制备了不同Ag含量的Ag/SBA-15,通过N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和电感耦合等离子体质谱对催化剂进行了表征.将Ag/SBA-15用于苯甲醇气相选择性催化氧化合成苯甲醛,研究了反应条件对转化率和选择性的影响.结果表明,Ag/SBA-15具有均一的一维孔道结构、较厚的孔壁(3–5 nm)及较大的比表面积(411–541 m2/g),其规整纳米空间的限域作用使一定负载量的Ag以纳米尺寸均匀分散于介孔SBA-15孔道内,增加了活性组分的比表面积.亲核性氧物种从Ag到SBA-15表面的氧溢流,提高了低温下Ag/SBA-15对苯甲醇气相选择性氧化合成苯甲醛的催化性能.5.3%Ag/SBA-15中的Ag粒径为5–6 nm,且均匀分散于载体孔道中,反应温度为220°C时,苯甲醇转化率为87%,苯甲醛选择性为95%;240°C时,苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性分别高达94%和97%;并在240–300°C范围内,其催化活性和选择性保持不变,表现出了良好的温度耐受能力.催化剂经活化再生可以连续使用40 h,选择性基本保持不变.     

钴镁铝类水滑石液相选择性催化苯甲醇氧化合成苯甲醛

采用共沉淀法制备了不同Co₂AlMg_x(x=0.5、1、1.5和2)原子比的类水滑石,用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、表面孔吸附(BET)及电感耦合等离子光谱(ICP)等技术手段表征了催化剂的结构、组成和比表面积,并考察了其催化苯甲醇选择氧化制苯甲醛的性能。 结果表明,随着Mg含量的增加,催化剂的碱性增强,苯甲醛的选择性提高。 在优化条件:苯甲醇0.02 mol,催化剂Co₂AlMg₁类水滑石100 mg,过氧化氢叔丁醇0.04 mol,溶剂乙腈8 mL,反应温度60 ℃,反应时间9 h下,苯甲醇的转化率为39.5%,苯甲醛的选择性达到89.2%。 催化剂重复使用5次后其活性与选择性未见明显降低,表明催化剂具有较好的稳定性。     

钛钨改性HMS的合成及催化氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛

通过改变硅钛摩尔比和硅钨摩尔比合成了Ti-HMS和Ti/W-HMS型分子筛,并进行了NH3-TPD测试分析. 结果表明,当n(Si)∶ n(Ti)=30∶ 1、n(Si)∶ n(W)=400∶ 1时,分子筛的酸量最大. 利用上述不同HMS为催化剂,ω(H2O2)=30%的H2O2水溶液为氧化剂,在无有机溶剂及相转移催化剂条件下,氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛. 结果表明,Ti/W-HMS可选择性氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛;催化剂的酸量和酸强度越大,越有利于提高催化活性和选择性. 利用Ti(30)/W(400)-HMS为催化剂,当n(醇)∶ n(H2O2)=1∶ 2、ω(催化剂)=4%、反应时间为5 h时,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别为72.6%、96.9%. 催化剂重复使用4次后,苯甲醇的转化率和苯甲醛的选择性分别为63.2%、89.1%.     

Fe/Cu-HMS分子筛选择性催化氧化苯甲醇的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,室温条件下合成了不同Cu含量的Fe/Cu-HMS介孔分子筛催化剂,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附-脱附和扫描电镜(SEM)对合成的催化剂进行了表征;在无助剂条件下,以苯甲醇氧化为反应探针,考察了催化剂Fe/Cu-HMS的催化活性。研究表明:铁、铜部分进入分子筛骨架,没有改变分子筛的介孔结构,具有良好的分散性;在80℃反应温度下,苯甲醇与过氧化氢摩尔比为1∶2,Fe/Cu(50)-HMS为催化剂,反应时间4 h,苯甲醇转化率可达69.9%,苯甲醛选择性达到90.0%,催化剂在重复使用3次后活性基本不变。     

WS_2/WO_3光催化选择性氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛

采用H2S高温硫化WO3的方法制备了一系列WS2/WO3光催化剂,利用X射线粉末衍射仪、紫外可见光谱仪分析了产物的结构及光吸收性能,考察了WS2/WO3光催化剂光催化选择性氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛的性能,讨论了WS2的含量、反应时间、反应液pH对光催化选择性氧化反应过程的影响.结果表明:与WO3和经深度硫化的WO3相比,适当的硫化能显著改善催化剂对苯甲醇的选择性氧化行为,反应时间及pH对苯甲醇的转化率及生成苯甲醛的选择性均有重要影响.     

Ce-OMS-2催化苯甲醇液相氧化制苯甲醛

采用回流法合成氧化锰八面体分子筛(OMS-2),并采用浸渍法负载Ce制备Ce-OMS-2催化剂,以分子氧为氧化剂考察了催化剂对苯甲醇液相氧化制苯甲醛的活性。当Ce含量为30%(质量分数)时,Ce-OMS-2催化剂的活性最高。100℃下反应1 h时,苯甲醇转化率为50.3%,催化剂的质量比活性达10.1 mmol.(g.h)-1。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:所制备的催化剂具有结晶良好的八面体结构,当Ce含量小于30%时,Ce以高分散形式存在,但当Ce含量大于30%时,将出现聚集态CeO2结晶;高分散CeO2促进了OMS-2中MnOx的还原,改善了活性中心的电子传递,从而显著提高了催化剂活性。     

过氧钨、钼酸化合物催化氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛的研究

合成了六种过氧钨酸、钼酸盐,考察了它们在无溶剂、无卤素条件下用30%H2O2氧化苯甲醇合成苯甲醛反应中的催化活性。结果表明,该体系是一种高效的环境友好催化体系。三种过氧钨酸盐在反应过程中显示了较高的活性,在70℃下,反应2h,苯甲醛的收率和选择性都分别达到95.1%和96.2%。相比较而言,三种过氧钼酸盐的催化活性要低的多。实验考察了催化剂加入量、H2O2加入量、温度、时间等条件对催化剂活性的影响,确立了最佳反应条件为:0.08mmol催化剂,苯甲醇与H2O2的最佳摩尔比为1∶1.1,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为2h。     

VOx/SBA-15催化剂上甲苯气相部分氧化

采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同负载量的VOx/SBA-15催化剂。UV-Vis和H2-TPR等表征结果表明,在较低钒负载量下,钒物种的分散程度较高,主要以孤立的VO4 3－以及少量聚合体V－O－V形式存在;钒负载量较高时会有大量的聚合体V－O－V甚至晶相V2O5出现,而且,催化剂的酸性随着钒物种的高度分散而降低。甲苯气相部分氧化反应结果表明,随着钒负载量的提高,苯甲醛的选择性先升后降,CO、CO2等选择性逐渐提高。这是由于催化剂存在大量的聚合体V－O－V和晶相V2O5时,聚集态钒物种表面较多的酸量促使苯甲醛深度氧化。在相同钒负载量下,催化剂VOx/SBA-15的钒物种分散状态优于VOx/MCM-41和VOx/SiO2,从而使得催化剂VOx/SBA-15呈现较高的苯甲醛选择性。     

氧化镁载金钯双金属无溶剂催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为保护剂,经NaBH₄还原制备金钯纳米双金属并负载到Na₂SiO₃改性的MgO载体MgO-X上,得到Au-Pd/MgO-X催化剂。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术手段对Au-Pd/MgO-X催化剂的组成、结构和载体碱强度进行了表征。结果表明,该催化剂可在无溶剂条件下催化苯甲醇氧化,随着Au-Pd/MgO-X催化剂碱性增强,产物苯甲醛的选择性提高;在苯甲醇0.1 mol、催化剂Au-Pd/MgO-X 100 mg、O₂ 0.5 MPa、反应时间3 h、反应温度120℃的条件下,苯甲醇转化率为49.5%时,苯甲醛的选择性达94.7%。催化剂重复使用5次,活性和选择性无明显变化,表明催化剂具有良好的活性及稳定性。     

SBA-15负载的Cu(Ⅱ)席夫碱配合物催化的苯乙烯氧化反应制备苯甲醛

采用一步法将原硅酸四乙酯与3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷在表面活性剂P123作用下,酸性共水解制备出氨基功能化的介孔分子筛SBA-15(NH2-SBA-15),再利用其中氨基与水杨醛的缩合反应制备SBA-15固载的席夫碱,该席夫碱与Cu(NO3)2溶液反应最终制成固定于SBA-15的Cu(II)席夫碱配合物多相催化剂Cu-SBA-15.采用X射线衍射、红外光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计、场发射电镜、透射电镜、N2吸附-脱附、元素分析、原子发射光谱和热重分析对催化剂进行了表征,并将此催化剂用于无有机溶剂条件下催化氧化苯乙烯制备苯甲醛,考察了反应时间、反应温度、H2O2用量、水的用量、催化剂用量对反应的影响.当反应温度为100°C,反应时间8 h,H2O2与苯乙烯的摩尔比为2:1,不额外添加溶剂,且催化剂用量为3.8 wt%时,苯乙烯的转化率最高为84.4%,苯甲醛选择性为83.9%,催化剂的TOF值为261.1 h–1,并且重复使用3次后活性没有明显下降.规则的孔道、较大的比表面积以及分布均匀的活性中心可能是催化剂活性提高的原因.     

CO oxidation catalyzed by Ag/SBA-15 catalysts: Influence of the hydrothermal treatment

Four types of SBA-15 were prepared with different times and temperatures of treatment in order to obtain a range of micropore sizes. CO oxidation was used as a probe reaction in order to evaluate the nature of the active species when SBA-15s were doped with ca 10% Ag deposited from an AgNO₃ solution and calcined or reduced at 350 °C. The texture (TEM, nitrogen physisorption), structure (XRD) and reducibility (TPR) of the various catalysts (Ag/SBA-15) were studied and compared to those of a catalyst prepared by deposition of silver on fumed silica as a reference. These catalysts differ initially by the nature of silica and by pore sizes. In CO oxidation, pre-reduced catalysts are more active than pre-oxidised ones. This has to do with two phenomena, i.e. sintering, which produces large inactive silver particles, and formation of active silver species in the form of small Ag₂O particles.     

One pot synthesis of chromium incorporated SBA-16 under acid medium-Application in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives

Cr-SBA-16 mesoporous silica heterogeneous catalysts (Si/Cr = 7, 14, and 28) were successfully synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method at low acidic medium. The catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), N₂ adsorption-desorption at 77 K, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Diffuse Reflectance UV–Vis (DRS) Spectroscopies, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Herein, Cr-SBA-16 catalysts are evaluated in the selective catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol derivatives using H₂O₂ as oxidant. From XPS and UV–Vis (DRS) spectroscopies the molar ratios between Cr⁶⁺/Cr³⁺ are found to increase versus chromium loading in the following order: Cr-SBA-16(28) < Cr-SBA-16(14) < Cr-SBA-16(7). Hence the highest Cr⁶⁺ in tetrahedrally environment is observed for Si/Cr = 7. We demonstrated for the first time that the selective catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol (BzOH) using H₂O₂ over Cr-SBA-16 occurs through noncompetitive adsorption mechanism and the reaction is pseudo-first order to BzOH. The activity of the reaction depends on the symmetry of chromium species, herein, high activity is observed for tetrahedral chromium species in Cr-SBA-16(7). The absence of any chromium ions in the filtrate shows no chromium leaching from the silica framework.     

预处理条件对Ag/SBA-15催化剂上甲苯催化氧化反应性能的影响

甲苯是一种典型的挥发性有机污染物.近年来,催化氧化法是一种广泛使用并具有开发潜力的有效去除挥发性有机污染物的方法,而贵金属催化剂一直是首选.介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15具有规则孔道和较高的比表面积因而在催化领域中具有较大的应用潜力.本课题组已对一系列的SBA-15负载的纳米银催化剂的制备和低温催化氧化性能进行了研究,本文则通过研究不同预处理处理气氛对Ag/SBA-15催化剂结构以及甲苯催化氧化性能的系统研究,获得纳米银催化剂结构与甲苯催化氧化性能间的构效关系,对新催化剂的结构优化以及甲苯催化净化的低温催化剂开发具有重要的科学意义.研究表明,处理气氛明显影响了银物种和氧物种的状态,进而影响了催化剂的催化活性,先氧气(500℃)后氢气(300℃)处理的O500-H300催化剂对甲苯的反应活性明显优于在500℃氧气处理样品O500及氢气处理样品H500.由X-射线衍射和O2-程序升温脱附(TPD)可知,氧气500 oC处理使催化剂上形成大颗粒银粒子和氧化银粒子,以及大量次表层氧物种.氢气处理使催化剂形成较大的银粒子,由于未经过氧气处理,该催化剂上并没有次表层氧的生成.先氧气处理再氢气处理后催化剂上形成高分散的小粒径银粒子以及次表层氧物种,这表明低温氢气处理可以降低银粒子的尺寸并使催化剂上的银粒子得到再分散,同时不会影响次表层氧物种的形成.从催化剂的甲苯吸附和TPD实验中看出,大尺寸银粒子对甲苯具有较强的吸附性能,从而有利于甲苯在低温的催化氧化,但是在高温反应中没有优势;小尺寸银粒子虽然对甲苯的吸附能力不强,但是对分子氧有较好的吸附作用,进而增强自身与甲苯的相互作用,而且也促进了分子氧的活化,预处理中形成的次表层氧有效增强了甲苯和银粒子的相互作用,因此,先氧气后氢气处理的O500-H300样品在反应中显示出最好的甲苯催化活性.     

一种新的高活性CO氧化催化剂Ag/SBA-1

 以SBA-15为载体,采用后修饰法制备了Ag/SBA-15催化剂. XRD和TEM结果表明,金属Ag粒子均匀分散于SBA-15的纳米孔道中,粒子平均大小为4～5 nm. 同时,负载金属Ag纳米粒子后,载体的介孔结构仍然能很好地保持. CO催化氧化测试结果表明,Ag/SBA-15具有很高的催化活性,120 ℃时就能使CO完全氧化. 而在富H2气氛下,80 ℃时CO的转化率达到最大值(48%),此时O2的选择性为28%. 高温H2还原是活化Ag/SBA-15的必要步骤.     

Iron-palladium supported graphene as an efficient bimetallic catalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde

The catalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol (OBA) is one of the significant methods to produce benzaldehyde, an essential reagent in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, developing an active and efficient catalyst for OBA is a tremendous challenge in commercialization. This research describes a simple, eco-friendly method for producing Fe, Pd, and Fe: Pd bimetallic nanoparticles fabricated by sol immobilization over graphene to conduct OBA. The resulting composite nano-alloys were then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The oxidation state and elemental composition of as-fabricated nanoparticles were analyzed using XPS. The point of zero charges (pH_PZC) was analyzed and the PZC value indicated that the proposed adsorbent material tends to have a positive charge. The OBA reaction efficiency (87%) of bimetallic nanocatalysts stabilized in graphene support was increased through surface modification of the ratio of both metals. The experimental error was based on three parallel tests and the carbon balance (99.6%) was analyzed during the experiments A proposed reaction mechanism of OBA validated the β-hydride step's elimination by molecular oxygen converting the metal hydride into a water molecule, forming a peroxide intermediate to form water and oxygen molecules. The Fe on the nanocatalyst’s surface is preferentially responsible for the adsorption of the substrate molecule, resulting in the formation of metal-alkoxide. Since it lacks electrons, Fe is more likely to be oxidized, allowing it to perform better than monometallic catalysts in terms of catalytic activity. The present study has great potential to be applied on an industrial scale and studied for industrialists, researchers, and academicians.     

Efficient oxidation of benzyl alcohol with heteropolytungstate as reaction-controlled phase-transfer catalyst

A series of heteropolytungstates has been synthesized and utilized as catalysts to catalyze oxidation of benzyl alcohol with aqueous hydrogen peroxide.The results indicated that three of these catalysts showed the properties of reaction-controlled phase- transfer catalysis,and they had excellent catalytic ability to the oxidation of benzyl alcohol.No other by-products were detected by gas chromatography.Once the hydrogen peroxide was consumed completely,the catalyst precipitated from solvent,and the results of the catalyst recycle showed that the catalyst had high stability.     

高度分散的MnxOy/SBA-15的制备及其催化性能

采用溶液浸渍法将乙酰丙酮锰或硝酸锰的糠醇溶液分别灌注到SBA-15的孔道内,一定条件下将糠醇碳化后再将碳烧除,即可得到高度分散的MnxOy/SBA-15复合催化剂.用X射线衍射、透射电镜和N2吸附-脱附等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,SBA-15负载MnxOy后,不仅依然保持高度有序的孔道结构、较大比表面积和孔容,而且MnxOy在SBA-15孔道内部高度分散.乙苯的催化氧化反应结果表明,该催化剂尤其是用乙酰丙酮锰做锰源时具有很高的催化活性和选择性.     

Gold & silver nanoparticles supported on manganese oxide: Synthesis,characterization and catalytic studies for selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol

Nano-gold and silver particles supported on manganese oxide were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The catalytic properties of these materials were investigated for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol using molecular oxygen as a source of oxygen. The catalyst was calcined at 300, 400 and 500 °C. They were characterized by electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface area. It was observed that the calcination temperature affects the size of the nanoparticle, which plays a significant role in the catalytic process. The catalyst calcined at 400 °C, gave a 100% conversion and >99% selectivity, whereas catalysts calcined at 300 and 500 °C gave a conversion of 69.51% and 19.90% respectively, although the selectivity remains >99%.