偏振法测葡萄糖浓度的光强分析

通过对旋光仪三分视场内的光强分析,对"零度视场"法和"三分视场明暗对比最大"的方法进行了详细的讨论。结果表明,采用"三分视场明暗对比最大"法在多数情况下更适合人眼感光定标,可以保证测量数据精度。"零度视场"法只在相位延迟角较小,三分视场由中间暗、两边亮变化到中间亮、两边暗过程中适用性较好。     

掠射法测液体折射率的视场分析

根据薄膜光学理论,分析了掠射法测液体折射率实验的视场.研究结果表明:本实验的视场是分界线附近亮区有明暗相间干涉条纹的准半阴视场;越靠近分界线,条纹间距越小,条纹锐度越大,临界光线对应于最细的亮条纹.进一步准确描述了该实验的实验现象.结合理论分析,测定了自来水的折射率.     

多光束非定域干涉反射光强分布

研究了多光束非定域干涉现象,得到了多光束非定域干涉的反射光强分布函数.数值计算结果表明:随着镜面反射系数的增加,多光束非定域干涉条纹半值宽度降低,条纹变得更加锐细,光谱分辨率提高;当镜面反射率较高时,除了暗条纹外,在低干涉级次处紧邻暗条纹还有很窄的亮条纹存在;亮条纹振幅逐渐衰减至背景光强度,干涉级次越低亮条纹振荡越明显;第一束反射光提供了一个均匀的背景,第二束反射光的加入产生了双光束干涉,干涉条纹较粗,对比度较低,更多光束的加入使干涉暗条纹变得锐细,在相邻暗条纹间出现了明暗相间的低强度明暗条纹;足够多光束的加入使相邻暗条纹间低强度变化的明暗条纹消失,同时在紧邻暗条纹处出现了振幅振荡衰减的亮条纹.最后,将多光束非定域干涉理论应用于光学滤波器的研究,结果表明:提高镜面反射率,可以显著降低多光束非定域干涉的滤波带宽;改变镜面间距,可以灵活调整多光束干涉仪滤波波长和相消波长间距.     

WXG-4型旋光仪三分视场亮暗调节

针对WXG-4型旋光仪的均匀亮视场和均匀暗视场的亮度对比不明显问题进行了研究,分析了三分视场光强与起偏器透振方向的关系,得出原因是起偏器透振方向与半波片的光轴夹角太大.旋转起偏器,使其透振方向与半波片的光轴夹角减小并固定,均匀亮视场和均匀暗视场的亮度对比明显,使仪器恢复正常使用.     

光源频谱宽度对Bessel光束亮暗梯度的影响

分析了三种不同频谱宽度的光源(激光、绿光LED和白光LED)产生无衍射贝塞尔(Bessel)光束亮暗环的梯度。分别模拟得到在不同位置的光强截面图,并计算各亮暗环的光强值,引入对比度的计算公式,计算了三种不同频谱宽度的光源产生贝塞尔光束亮暗环的对比度,可以得到频谱宽度越宽的光源产生的贝塞尔光束亮暗环之间的对比度降低,亮暗环强度梯度下降,从而导致囚禁粒子的能力降低。根据三种光源的特性设计了实验装置,并在与理论模拟相应的位置分别拍摄了三种不同频谱宽度光源产生的无衍射光斑图。对实验中拍摄到的光斑图进行对比度计算,可以得知频谱宽度越宽的光源产生的无衍射光束,其截面光斑亮暗环的对比度降低,亮暗环强度梯度降低,囚禁粒子能力下降,理论和实验相吻合。     

光源频谱宽度对Bessel光束亮暗梯度的影响

分析了三种不同频谱宽度的光源(激光、绿光LED和白光LED)产生无衍射贝塞尔(Bessel)光束亮暗环的梯度。分别模拟得到在不同位置的光强截面图,并计算各亮暗环的光强值,引入对比度的计算公式,计算了三种不同频谱宽度的光源产生贝塞尔光束亮暗环的对比度,可以得到频谱宽度越宽的光源产生的贝塞尔光束亮暗环之间的对比度降低,亮暗环强度梯度下降,从而导致囚禁粒子的能力降低。根据三种光源的特性设计了实验装置,并在与理论模拟相应的位置分别拍摄了三种不同频谱宽度光源产生的无衍射光斑图。对实验中拍摄到的光斑图进行对比度计算,可以得知频谱宽度越宽的光源产生的无衍射光束,其截面光斑亮暗环的对比度降低,亮暗环强度梯度降低,囚禁粒子能力下降,理论和实验相吻合。     

基于支持度变换和top-hat分解的双色中波红外图像融合

为了解决用多尺度top-hat分解法融合双色中波红外图像时经常存在对比度提升有限、边缘区域失真较重的问题,提出了基于支持度变换和top-hat分解相结合的融合方法。先用支持度变换法将双色中波图像分解为低频图像和支持度图像序列;再从最后一层低频图像中用多尺度top-hat分解法提取各自的亮信息和暗信息;用灰度值取大法分别融合亮信息和暗信息;通过灰度值归一化和高斯滤波分别增强亮、暗信息融合图像;然后融合两低频图像和亮、暗信息增强图像;将融合图像作为新的低频图像和用灰度值取大法融合得到的支持度融合图像序列进行支持度逆变换,得到最终融合图像。该方法的实验结果同采用单一的支持度变换法融合和多尺度top-hat分解法融合相比,融合图像的对比度提升了11.69%,失真度降低了63.42%,局部粗糙度提高了38.12%。说明提出的从低频图像提取亮暗信息,并经过分别融合、增强,再与低频图像进行融合,能有效破解红外融合图像对比度提升和边缘区域失真度降低之间的矛盾,为提高图像融合质量提供了新方法。     

光纤激光器中亮暗孤子对的传输特性

基于简化的光纤激光器模型,采用分步傅里叶方法,数值研究亮暗孤子对在光纤激光器中的传输特性。研究结果表明,在光纤激光器中,亮暗孤子对是否稳定存在与群速度色散有关,亮暗孤子对在零色散区可以保持波形不变的稳定传输。同时亮暗孤子对受光纤激光器的小信号增益系数、饱和能量、初始脉宽、偏振角度等因素的影响。小信号增益系数越大,饱和能量越大,则亮暗孤子对的峰值强度越大,脉宽越窄。当峰值强度增加到一定程度,亮暗孤子对发生分裂。偏振控制器可以控制亮暗孤子对的输出。本研究结果可为光纤激光器中亮暗孤子对信号源的产生研究提供一定的理论依据。     

“测量单缝衍射的光强分布”实验中值得注意的一个问题

在做普物光学实验——夫朗和费单缝衍射光强分布测量时,一些书主张:感知光强的光电管在移动中“每隔1 mm 取一数据”(光电流值),然后作出光强分布图象,并与理论值比较,……。可是我们知道,单缝衍射的实际或理论花样,其光强分布曲线的极值点——极大值点(主最大和各次最大亮条纹处)和极小值点(各最小暗条纹处)——不可能都恰巧分     

光纤损耗对孤子系统传输的影响

利用分步傅立叶法数值求解了包含光纤损耗效应的非线性薛定谔方程,分别仿真模拟了其对亮孤子和 暗孤子脉冲在各向同性光纤中传输特性的影响.结果表明,随着传输距离的增大,光纤损耗导致基阶亮孤子和暗孤 子的峰值功率减小,脉冲加速展宽.而对于高阶孤子,光纤损耗会破坏高阶亮孤子的周期性变化,但对于高阶暗孤子 的影响几乎与基阶暗孤子相同.因此在光纤损耗参数相同的情况下,暗孤子的相对衰减率比亮孤子的相对衰减率 小,故暗孤子比亮孤子更稳定.     

Phase knife-edge laser Schlieren diffraction interferometry with boundary diffraction wave theory

Within the framework of boundary diffraction wave theory it has been shown that the first bright fringe on either side of the central dark fringe of the phase knife-edge Fresnel diffraction pattern could be broadened to cover the whole field of view. Broadening of the first diffraction fringe, instead of conventionally modifying the spatial frequency spectrum, enhances the sensitivity of the Schlieren system. The use of phase knife-edge as viewing diaphragm in Schlieren diffraction interferometry not only enhances the fringe contrast but also avoids the loss in phase information as it lets through light from all parts of the test object and its thin interfacing makes the method suitable even for studying weak disturbances.      

有偏压的光伏光折变晶体中的空间孤子

证明了有偏压的光伏光折变晶体中存在着明、暗稳态的空间孤子.它源于对外电场的非均匀空间屏蔽和光伏效应.与已报道的稳态光折变空间孤子相比,它具有不同的特性.当外电场为某一特定值时,用改变外电场的极性和旋转光的偏振方向可以实现明孤子与暗孤子的相互转换.当外电场足够强可以忽略光伏效应时,它类似于屏蔽孤子;当不存在外电场时,它类似于开路条件下的光伏孤子. 关键词：     

液体薄膜遮光效应的研究

当激光束通过静态液体薄膜时,由于表面的全反射效应能够观察到液体薄膜的遮光效应.在此基础上,以白光为光源研究了液体薄膜的遮光效应.结果显示,白光光源的遮光图样非常清晰,且无激光散斑效应|遮光图样的中心是一个光强极强的亮域,该区域的外部为两个同心的环状暗场,两个暗场之间是亮场,亮暗边界十分清楚|液体薄膜遮光图样的半径大小与液体的折射率有关,液体折射率越大,遮光图样的半径越大.本文给出了液体薄膜遮光半径与液体折射率的解析关系,分析了遮光图样产生的必要与充分条件,并根据液体薄膜的遮光效应,建立了一种测量液体折射率的新方法,测量了纯净水的折射率.结果表明,该测量值与传统方法所测折射率的值相吻合且该方法具有设备简单、操作简便、重复性好、准确度高等特点.     

DNA adsorption on graphene

We study analytically the properties of the optical absorption and the spatial weak-light solitons in a quantum dot molecule system with the interdot tunneling coupling (ITC). It is shown that, for the linear case, there exists tunneling induced transparency (TIT) in the context of a weak ITC, while the TIT can be replaced by Autler-Townes splitting in the presence of a strong ITC. For the nonlinear case, it is probable to realize the spatial optical solitons even under weak light intensity. Interestingly, we find that there appears transformation behavior between the bright and dark solitons by properly turning both the ITC strength and the detuning of the probe field. Meanwhile, the transformation condition of the bright and dark solitons is obtained. Additionally it is also found that the amplitude of the solitons first descends and then rises with the increasing of ITC strength. Our results may have potential applications for nonlinear optical experiments and optical telecommunication engineering in solid systems.     

Free-space lossless state detection of a single trapped atom

We demonstrate the lossless state-selective detection of a single rubidium 87 atom trapped in an optical tweezer. This detection is analogous to the one used on trapped ions. After preparation in either a dark or a bright state, we probe the atom internal state by sending laser light that couples an excited state to the bright state only. The laser-induced fluorescence is collected by a high numerical aperture lens. The single-shot fidelity of the detection is 98.6±0.2% and is presently limited by the dark count noise of the detector. The simplicity of this method opens new perspectives in view of applications to quantum manipulations of neutral atoms.     

亮暗屏蔽光伏孤子在LiNbO3晶体中的大自偏转

用数值方法证实了亮、暗屏蔽光伏孤子在有外加电场的LiNbO₃晶体中都可以发生大自偏转,并验证了这种自偏转现象不但与晶体中受主浓度N_A有关而且还与外加电场E₀有关. 在E₀相同的条件下,N_A越小这种自偏转现象越明显,在N_A相同的条件下,E₀越大自偏转现象越明显. 还发现亮、暗屏蔽光伏孤子的自偏转现象不同：亮屏蔽光伏孤子整体都发生明显偏转,暗屏蔽光伏孤子的偏转只是发生在一侧,其极值位置和另一侧几乎不发生偏转. 关键词： 自偏转 空间孤子 光折变效应     

Study of EIT resonances in an anti-relaxation coated Rb vapor cell

We study the sign of resonances obtained in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Resonances of both kinds—bright (corresponding to enhanced absorption) and dark (corresponding to reduced absorption)—are obtained when the frequency of a probe beam is scanned. The experimental results, presented earlier, use magnetic sublevels of a hyperfine transition in the D₁ line of ⁸⁷Rb along with a magnetic field of 27 G. The atoms are contained in a vapor cell at room temperature, and with anti-relaxation coating on the walls. A quantitative theoretical model, which reproduces the experimental results quite well, is presented for the first time. The model solves the density matrix of the sublevels involved, and uses two regions—one with both the light and magnetic field, and the second without light and just a magnetic field. This ability to have both bright and dark resonances promises applications in sub- and super-luminal propagation of light.     

Mathematical theory of slow light optical solitons

This paper studies the dynamics of slow light optical solitons from a mathematical point of view. It is mathematically proved that optical solitons, with a proper choice of time-dependent coefficients of dispersion and nonlinearity, can be made to slow down, and in the limiting case, to zero velocity. The types of nonlinearity that are studied in this paper are the Kerr law, power law, parabolic law, dual-power law and log law. Both bright and dark solitons are studied.     

暗-暗与亮-暗光伏孤子相互作用

用数值方法分析了平行传播异色光伏暗孤子之间及亮-暗孤子之间的相互作用.结果表明，光伏暗孤子共轴传播能在有限的距离内保持准孤子形态，靠近传播时存在着相互吸引的作用 ，而相距较远传播时表现为一孤子暗区使另一孤子的缓变光场部分发生局部会聚作用.光伏暗孤子与亮孤子的相互作用随距离的不同可使亮孤子光强分布变尖锐或变平缓，以及使亮孤子发生能量转移.从两束信号光共同引起折射率波导这一物理机理对光伏孤子这些相互作用给出定性物理解释. 关键词： 光伏空间孤子 暗孤子 亮孤子 相互作用     

Region Adaptive Single Image Dehazing

Image haze removal is essential in preprocessing for computer vision applications because outdoor images taken in adverse weather conditions such as fog or snow have poor visibility. This problem has been extensively studied in the literature, and the most popular technique is dark channel prior (DCP). However, dark channel prior tends to underestimate transmissions of bright areas or objects, which may cause color distortions during dehazing. This paper proposes a new single-image dehazing method that combines dark channel prior with bright channel prior in order to overcome the limitations of dark channel prior. A patch-based robust atmospheric light estimation was introduced in order to divide image into regions to which the DCP assumption and the BCP assumption are applied. Moreover, region adaptive haze control parameters are introduced in order to suppress the distortions in a flat and bright region and to increase the visibilities in a texture region. The flat and texture regions are expressed as probabilities by using local image entropy. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by using synthetic and real data sets. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art image dehazing method both visually and numerically.