二氧化钛溶胶凝胶的光致变色

通过钛酸丁酯在酸性醇溶液中的水解制备二氧化钛溶胶和凝胶。在中压汞灯的照射下,溶胶和凝胶由浅黄色变成蓝紫色。电子自旋共振谱(ESR)表明,变色的原因是由于…Ti－O－Ti－O…网络中Ti^4^+离子被还原成Ti^3^+离子。Ti^3^+离子又会被空气中的氧所氧化成Ti^4^+离子,个人成分吏家产凝胶由蓝紫色褪为浅黄色。和变色溶胶的吸收光谱不同,在变色凝胶的吸收光谱上出现了四个明显的吸收峰,这些吸收峰是由于处于一定结构中的Ti^3^+离子的3d轨道上电子的跃迁所引起。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备金属铂高分散的二氧化钛薄膜

Uniform and crack free TiO 2 thin films with highly dispersed platinum were prepared from i PrOH TTIP DEA H 2O system containing H 2PtCl 6·6H 2O as metal source by sol gel method. The microstructure and morphology of the films were characterized by TEM and XRD respectively. It was found that the Pt particles dispersed in the films and had a homogeneous distribution in the shape of sphere with an average size of about 5 nm. This study also showed that the doping with few percent of Pt resulted in the formation of pure rutile phase at a temperature as low as 550 ℃, whereas the same pure phase was formed at the temperature higher than 650 ℃ in TiO 2 or Au/TiO 2 thin films.     

二氧化锡纳米粉末的热处理与微结构

采用溶胶－凝胶法制得了二氧化锡干凝胶粉体，并在不同温度下热处理得到不同粒径的二氧化锡纳米级超微粉，采用热重法和差热分析，Ｘ－射线粉天衍射，透射电镜等方法观察了不同温度热处理后纳米粉体的途径，形貌，聚集状态等的变化。     

溶胶—凝胶法合成聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯／二氧化钛杂化聚合物材料

由共聚合在ＰＭＭＡ聚合物链段上引入了一－Ｓｉ（ＯＲ）３为功能团，通过溶胶－凝胶过程合成了ＰＭＭＡ／ＴｉＯ２杂化聚合物材料，溶剂抽提结构表明有化学键存在的杂化材料体系中凝胶的含量很高，通过ＦＴＩＲ测试材料结构进行了分析，由ＴＧＡ，ＤＳＣ测试分析了杂化材料体系中无机组份的含量材料性能的影响。     

单分散二氧化钛超微粒子的制备

以四丁氧基钛为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了超微二氧化钛粉末．改变热处理气氛、升温速率、水与四丁氧基钛的摩尔比以及溶剂，分别得到７ｎｍ球形单相锐钛矿以及四方形（４０ｎｍ×１０ｎｍ）、球形（４４ｎｍ）的主相金红石超微粒子．     

溶胶—凝胶法制备负载型TiO2膜的研究

本研究采用溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ）法制备了负载型ＴｉＯ２膜，并采用ＳＥＭ、压汞等实验手段对Ｔｉ（ＯＨ）４溶胶和ＴｉＯ２膜进行了表征。实验表明：Ｔｉ（ＯＨ）４溶胶制备过程中Ｈ２Ｏ／Ｔｉ＾４＋、Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ／Ｔｉ＾４＋的比值，溶胶在支承管上浸涂的时间、次数以及凝胶煅烧升温速度和煅烧温度均是制备负载型ＴｉＯ２膜的重要因素。最终制得一种无裂纹、２０μｍ厚、孔径分布在５０￣３００ｎｍ之间的负载型ＴｉＯ２     

溶胶—凝胶法制备LaAlO3超微粉末

用溶胶-凝胶法低温合成多组分氧化物玻璃的详细工艺已有报导。我们亦成功地用该法制备出了钕玻璃薄膜和钕玻璃纤维。本文报道利用此法低温合成LaAlO_3超微粉末的研究结果。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备掺杂二氧化钛薄膜及其光电性能研究

运用溶胶-凝胶法制备玻璃、陶瓷材料,具有低温、均匀、高纯、溶液铸塑等独特的优点,已引起科研人员的极大兴趣^[1]。二氧化钛是一种具有良好的光学性能的半导体材料,并已被广泛地研究。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛溶胶

以钛酸丁脂为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛(TiO2)溶胶.最佳制备条件为:钛酸丁脂29 mmol,n(水):n(钛酸丁脂)=5:1,n(乙醇):n(钛酸丁脂)=15:1,pH 3～4,聚乙烯醇2 mL,于室温剧烈搅拌下缓慢加料制得透明度较好,可长时间放置,粘度适于涂膜的TiO2溶胶.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备聚砜/二氧化钛有机-无机杂化超滤膜

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同TiO₂含量的PSF/TiO₂杂化超滤膜, 并通过SEM, XRD TG/DTA, 超滤实验, 机械性能测试, 水接触角测试等手段对膜的结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明: 当TiO₂的质量分数为9.3%时, 膜亚层的指状孔消失, 形成了以纳米TiO₂颗粒为交联点的网络状孔, 同时膜的亲水性、机械性能和热稳定性都有明显的改善, 并在截留滤基本保持不变的情况下, 水通量明显提高. 但过高的TiO₂含量(w≥11.9%)会产生严重的纳米颗粒团聚现象而造成膜的各项性能指标下降.     

La-Mo系列复合氧化物超细微粒催化剂的制备

在催化研究领域，人们一直在寻找新的高效催化剂，由于超细微粒催化剂具有高比表面和表面能，活性点多，因而其催化活性和选择性大大高于传统催化剂．目前，催化工作者已在超细微粒催化剂的应用和开发方面做了许多有益的工作［’－’］；但是作为烃类选择氧化中研究较多的白钨矿（CaW。）结构的超细微粒催化剂报导甚少＊．文献报导La－Mo二元复合氧化物具有优良的甲苯选择氧化性能问．本工作采用溶胶一凝胶法，制得具有白鹤矿结构的La－Mo二元复合氧化物超细微粒，并初步探讨了制备条件对LaMo二元复合氧化物超细微粒组成、结构、粒子大…     

Thermal Treatment of Sol-Gel Derived Nickel Oxide Xerogels

Very fine nickel hydroxide and oxide xerogel powders were prepared using a new sol-gel synthesis procedure in which nickel ethoxide was produced through the reaction of nickel chloride, as a precursor, with sodium ethoxide in dehydrated ethanol, followed by the hydrolysis of nickel ethoxide with ammonia and drying the resulting hydrogel under subcritical pressures to form the xerogel. The effects of thermal treatment on the surface area, pore volume, crystallinity and particle structure of the resulting xerogels were investigated and found to have significant effects on all of these properties. Overall, the xerogel remained amorphous as Ni(OH)₂ space up to 200°C, with little change in the surface area and pore volume. At 250°C, the Ni(OH)₂ began to decompose and form crystalline NiO with the uniformity of the crystals increasing with an increase in temperature. The surface area and pore volume decreased sharply when increasingthe temperature beyond 250°C; this was the temperature where maximums of about 270 m²/g and 0.33 cm³/g were exhibited by this composite amorphous Ni(OH)₂ and crystalline NiO xerogel powders. At the higher calcination temperatures, very uniform NiO crystals with average crystallite sizes of 1.7 nm and 14.5 nm were obtained at 400 and 600°C, respectively.     

Effect of the Phase of Titanium Oxide on Metal-Support Interaction

The metal-support interaction in the system of platinum supported on titanium oxides of different crystalline structures was investigated. Titanium oxide powders used as supports were prepared by neutralization of TiOCl₂-analogue solution with either NaOH or NH₃ base at varied pH. Pt was introduced onto the supports by impregnation. The phenomenon of strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) was determined by the suppression of chemisorption of H₂ over samples reduced at 773 K, in comparison with the behavior of samples reduced at 473 K. The loss of adsorption capacity was proved not due to metal sintering by examining the recovery of adsorption capacity after reduction, reoxidation and reduction cycle, accompanied with examination of the size of Pt particle with an x-ray diffractiometer and a transmission-electron microscope. The results showed that SMSI phenomenon was common to Pt supported on titanium oxides of all the varied crystalline structures. However, the chemisorption capacity of Pt reduced at 473 K varied greatly with the sodium content in the supports, which in turns affects the crystalline structure of titanium oxide. These results are attributed mainly to electronic effect endowed by the support.     

NH3热还原处理TiO2的结构与光催化活性研究

Different titanium oxide powders (ATiO2, BTiO2) were pretreated in ammonia (NH3) gas at high temperatures. After the pretreatment, the color of the titanium oxide powders changed from white to yellow or gray depending on the pretreatment temperatures. Morphologies and structures of the treated titanium oxide powders were characterized by physical chemical methods. XRD measurements showed that the crystalline structures were mainly mixture of anatase and rutile for the ATiO2 but only anatase for the BTiO2. Stronger absorption of visible light was observed for both types of samples using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that doped nitrogen existed on the surface TiO2 after ammonia gas pretreatment. The photocatalytic activities of the treated titanium oxide samples were evaluated via the photodegradation of methyl orange and phenol in aqueous suspensions. No obvious improvement in photocatalytic activity was achieved by ammonia pretreatment although it could enhance the absorption of light. Effects of treatment temperatures on photoactivities were complete different for ATiO2 and BTiO2 (i.e. higher treated temperatures yielded higher activities for BTiO2 but lower for ATiO2). All samples yielded lower activity levels after ammonia pretreatment without regard to pretreatment temperature or the reaction light resource.     

Acidity and Catalytic Activity of Phosphoric Acid Modified Titanium Oxide Surface

By refluxing the anatase form of TiO₂ powder in phosphoric acid, the surface acidity was observed to increase. The amount of acid was determined by n-butylamine titration in n-heptane media, and was found to be proportional to the reflux period in phosphoric acid. XRD patterns and IR spectra revealed that the products contained a mixture of the anatase form of TiO₂ and titanium phosphate phases. Based on the calculated acid density on the surface, part of the titrant, n-butylamine penetrated into the titanium phosphate layers. Further investigations using TGA, FT-IR and TEM techniques along with surface area measurements indicated that the titanium phosphate phase was coated over the TiO₂ phase. The surface acidity of the phosphoric acid treated anatase increased due to the substitution of Ti-OH groups by phosphate groups. Nevertheless, the chemical properties of the resultant surfaces were found to be influenced by the internal anatase phase. The kinetic data on the 2-propanol dehydration reaction, where the activation energies were found to decrease gradually with an increase in phosphate content, also support these conclusion.     

铂微粒修饰的氧化钛电极对甲醇的电催化氧化性能

直接甲醇质子交换膜燃料电池(DMPEMFC)可用作未来电动车辆的动力电源,但要达到实际应用还有大量问题有待进一步解决.目前限制DMPEMFC实际应用的主要问题是甲醇阳极氧化催化剂低的活性、高的价格及催化剂的毒化.     

阳极氧化法制备二氧化钛纳米管及其在太阳能电池中的应用

介绍了阳极氧化法制备二氧化钛纳米管的技术发展历程, 论述了其制备过程及生长机理, 探讨了电解液、pH值、氧化电压、氧化时间、氧化温度和后处理方法等因素对TiO₂纳米管结构和形态的影响, 综述了近几年来利用TiO₂纳米管组装染料敏化、量子点和本体异质结等太阳能电池所取得的进展, 展望了其未来发展趋势和应用前景.     

阳极氧化法制备二氧化钛纳米管及其在太阳能电池中的应用

介绍了阳极氧化法制备二氧化钛纳米管的技术发展历程, 论述了其制备过程及生长机理, 探讨了电解液、pH值、氧化电压、氧化时间、氧化温度和后处理方法等因素对TiO₂纳米管结构和形态的影响, 综述了近几年来利用TiO₂纳米管组装染料敏化、量子点和本体异质结等太阳能电池所取得的进展, 展望了其未来发展趋势和应用前景.     

Sol-gel自蔓燃法控制合成二氧化钛纳米粉体及性能

采用化学络合溶胶-凝胶法,结合自蔓燃合成工艺制备了结构可控、分散性良好的TiO2纳米粉体.考察了原料组成、凝胶膨胀程度和温度机制对粉体结构、分散性的影响,用漫反射光谱测试了所制备粉体的光吸收性能. 结果表明,将原料中氧化剂与还原剂的摩尔比从2增加到7,在600 ℃的煅烧温度下可以得到金红石含量在25％～68.2％之间的TiO2,这些结构不同的粉体粒度为30 nm左右;凝胶前驱体经过150 ℃充分膨胀炭化,能有效阻止胶粒间氢键的形成,并且能够防止因毛细管作用而导致的凝胶网络坍塌,从而得到单分散无团聚粉体;提高煅烧温度,金红石含量增多、颗粒粒度增大,800 ℃时出现团聚体;用该工艺制备的粉体的光吸收范围发生明显红移,与市售金红石型TiO2相比,反光率下降10％以上;金红石含量为55.5％的混晶型粉体显示出最好的光吸收性能.     

掺钴氧化钛电极的制备、表征及其光电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在纯钛片上制备了掺Co氧化钛薄膜光电极,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)等分析手段对其进行表征,并对其结构和性能的相互关系进行了研究.结果表明,掺5%Co, 500℃热处理的TiO2电极具有最大的可见光响应.过量的Co掺入将析出新相CoTiO3,并促使TiO2由锐钛矿型转变为金红石型,使电极光电效应减低.而高温处理的掺钴TiO2也将析出CoTiO3,对电极光电性能有阻碍作用.