基于液相色谱-质谱联用技术的代谢组学方法在细胞种属分类中的应用

细胞内的代谢产物可以反映细胞的生理状态。为了考察基于胞内代谢物的指纹图谱对不同种属细胞进行区分的可行性,利用基于超高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC-TOF MS)技术的代谢组学方法对5种不同来源的细胞进行分类,获得了小分子代谢产物的差异表达谱,并采用主成分分析(PCA)数据处理方法对各类细胞进行模式识别。研究结果表明,不同的细胞种属之间均能呈现显著性差异。该研究可从分子水平对细胞种属进行分类,为细胞种属的鉴定与评价提供了一种新的技术方法,为细胞组学的深入研究提供了一种潜在的、非常具有应用前景的技术手段。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速测定水产品中微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素

通过超声提取、固相萃取纯化、超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术快速测定水产品中的微囊藻毒素-RR、-YR、-LR和节球藻毒素.分别采用选择离子监测质荷比(m/z)为519.84、1045.66、995.67、825.54分子离子峰进行定量分析.该法检出限为5.0～10.0μg/kg,在浓度0.02～5mg/kg的范围内,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好线性关系;4种藻毒素的回收率为76.2％～93.7％,相对标准偏差为2.0％～7.1％.采用上述方法对45个太湖水产品样品进行测定,发现有少量水产品中存在藻毒素污染,其中微囊藻毒素-RR最高含量为15.2μg/kg,微囊藻毒素-LR最高含量为0.84μg/kg,MC-YR、节球藻毒素均未检出.此方法可作为监测水产品体内蓄积藻毒素的分析方法.     

Chemical fingerprint of Ganmaoling granule by double‐wavelength ultra high performance liquid chromatography and ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

A method incorporating double‐wavelength ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was developed for the investigation of the chemical fingerprint of Ganmaoling granule. The chromatographic separations were performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) at 30°C using gradient elution with water/formic acid (1%) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. A total of 11 chemical constituents of Ganmaoling granule were identified from their molecular weight, UV spectra, tandem mass spectrometry data, and retention behavior by comparing the results with those of the reference standards or literature. And 25 peaks were selected as the common peaks for fingerprint analysis to evaluate the similarities among 25 batches of Ganmaoling granule. The results of principal component analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis showed that the important chemical markers that could distinguish the different batches were revealed as 4,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, and 4‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid. This is the first report of the ultra high performance liquid chromatography chemical fingerprint and component identification of Ganmaoling granule, which could lay a foundation for further studies of Ganmaoling granule.     

液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱和超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱用于检测牛肉中的刚果红

建立了牛肉中刚果红的检测方法。定性方法采用液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱对未知物进行质谱谱图库匹配,定量分析采用超高效液相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱。牛肉样品中的刚果红经液液萃取净化后,采用Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C₁₈ Rapid Resolution HD色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)进行分离,流动相为95%(体积分数)甲醇,流速为0.2 mL/min。AB 4000⁺三重四极杆质谱仪在电喷雾负离子化(ESI)及MRM模式下定量。结果显示,刚果红在0.03~1 mg/L浓度范围内,线性关系良好(相关系数为0.9998),精密度良好(RSD小于5%),回收率为88%~91%,检出限约为0.01 mg/L。本方法快速简便,重现性好,可以为牛肉及其他肉制品中刚果红的定量提供良好的解决方案。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间质谱法鉴定碱性嫩黄中的杂质及高效液相色谱法制备碱性嫩黄标准物质

该文建立了一种高效液相色谱-离子阱-飞行时间质谱（HPLC-IT-TOF-MS）分析非法食品添加剂碱性嫩黄样品中杂质成分的方法。对碱性嫩黄样品中的杂质进行多级质谱分析,根据各碎片离子的精确质量数推测出该杂质的具体组成,确定这个杂质为4-（亚氨基（4-（甲基氨基）苯基）甲基）-N,N-二甲基苯胺盐酸盐,从而推断出碱性嫩黄的合成方法及杂质的可能来源。同时建立了制备碱性嫩黄标准物质的方法,分别选用了粒径为10μm和5μm的制备液相色谱柱进行两次制备高效液相色谱分离纯化,进样量分别为1 mL和500μL,最终采用分析型高效液相色谱峰面积归一化法得到纯度为99.52%的碱性嫩黄标准物质。扣除0.34%水分含量,0.13%灰分含量,采用质量平衡法确定制备的物质最终纯度为99.05%,并通过UV、IR、LC-MS和NMR四大谱图进行化学结构的确认。该方法简单、高效,可拓展应用于其他非法食品添加剂标准物质的制备。     

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents in fruit extracts of Myristica fragrans and its marketed polyherbal formulations using a polarity switching technique

Fruits of Myristica fragrans Houtt. are the source of two valuable spices: nutmeg and mace, traditionally used for its flavoring and medicinal properties and found as an ingredient in many marketed polyherbal formulations and food products. In this study, a sensitive and efficient ultra high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the rapid determination of 16 bioactive constituents in different parts of the fruit of M. fragrans and its marketed polyherbal formulations using a polarity switching technique. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Aquity UPLC BEH C₁₈ column in 9.4 min. Quantitative analysis was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode with continuous polarity switching in a single analysis. The developed method was found to be accurate with overall recovery in the range from 95.95 to 102.07% (RSD ≤ 1.91%), precise (RSD ≤ 1.98%), and linear (r² ≥ 0.9992) over the concentration range of 0.1–200 ng/mL. Quantitative analysis indicated that the total content of the 16 bioactive constituents was highest in the mace of M. fragrans. Thus, this rapid and sensitive method could be utilized as a promising reference method for the quality control of M. fragrans and its marketed herbal formulations/food products.     

Study on the metabolites of betulinic acid in vivo and in vitro by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Betulinic acid is a triterpenoid organic acid with remarkable antitumor properties and is naturally present in many fruits, condiments and traditional Chinese medicines. Currently, a strategy was developed for the identification of metabolites following the in vivo and in vitro biotransformation of Betulinic acid with rat intestinal bacteria utilizing ultra high performance liquid chromatography with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with polymeric solid‐phase extraction. As a result, 46 metabolites were structurally characterized. The results demonstrated that Betulinic acid is universally metabolized in vivo and in vitro, and Betulinic acid could undergo general metabolic reactions, including oxidation, methylation, desaturation, loss of O and loss of CH₂. Additionally, the main metabolic pathways in vivo and in vitro were determined by calculating the relative content of each metabolite. This is the first study of Betulinic acid metabolism in vivo, whose results provide novel and useful data for better understanding of the safety and efficacy of Betulinic acid.     

Rapid determination of quinolones in cosmetic products by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

This study developed an improved analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of 13 quinolones in cosmetics by ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with ESI triple quadrupole MS/MS under the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The analytes were extracted and purified by using an SPE cartridge. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 3.02 μg/kg. The precision for determining the quinolones was <19.39%. The proposed method was successfully developed for the determination of quinolones in real cosmetic samples.     

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the rapid analysis of constituents in the traditional Chinese medicine formula Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill

An ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method in both positive and negative ion modes was established in order to comprehensively investigate the major constituents in Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill. Briefly, a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS C₁₈ column was used to separate the aqueous extract of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill. A total of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid v/v were used as the mobile phase. All analytes were determined using quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization source in positive and negative ion modes. At length, a total of 173 components including flavones and their glycosides, monoterpene glycosides, triterpene saponins, phenethylalchohol glycosides, iridoid glycosides, phthalides, tanshinones, phenolic acids, sesquiterpenoids and cyclopeptides were identified or tentatively characterized in Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill in an analysis of 16.0 min based on the accurate mass and tandem mass spectrometry behaviors. The developed method is rapid and highly sensitive to characterize the chemical constituents of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill, which could not only be used for chemical standardization and quality control of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill, but also be helpful for further study in vivo metabolism of Wu Ji Bai Feng Pill.     

Sensitive and rapid analytical method for the quantification of glucosamine in human plasma by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

A highly sensitive and rapid ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the determination of glucosamine in human plasma using miglitol as the internal standard. Special attention was paid to achieve the high throughput and sensitivity of the established method, and the absence of a matrix effect on the analytes. The sample preparation procedure involved a simple deproteinization step. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters ACQUITY HSS Cyano column using a mixture of acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium acetate solution containing 0.03% formic acid (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase with a very short run time of 1.5 min. This method was validated over the concentration range of 10–3000 ng/mL for glucosamine. The intra‐ and inter‐batch precision was <13.9% for the low, medium, and high quality control samples. The established method is highly sensitive with a lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL, low enough to determine the circadian rhythm on endogenous glucosamine level in human plasma, which has not been reported in detail until now. The method was successfully applied to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of glucosamine in healthy volunteers following a single oral administration of 750 or 1500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法用于食物中毒的快速筛查与确证

建立了一种利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱筛查食物中毒的方法。试样用乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液和0.1%(v/v)甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)分离。采用四极杆飞行时间质谱信息依赖性扫描(information dependent acquisition,IDA)模式进行分析。该模式可以实现一次进样分析同时获得分析物的一级和二级碎片的精确质量质谱图,结合SCIEX OS软件可对581种目标物质进行快速筛查,其中包括546种农药、24种真菌毒素、11种鼠药,以一级离子精确质量数、一级离子同位素丰度比以及二级碎片进行标准质谱库匹配。应用建立的快速筛选确认检测方法对一起突发性食物中毒安全事件样本进行检测,共检测11份样本,其中9份均检测出呋喃丹。进一步以呋喃丹标准品确认保留时间,结果表明,样品与标准品保留时间一致。呋喃丹的精确质量数偏差均小于3.7×10-6,在0.5~500 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.998,仪器检出限(S/N=3)为0.3μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为1μg/kg,在10、50、200μg/kg 3个添加水平的回收率为75.6%~95.9%,相对标准偏差为3.6%~6.9%(n=6)。该方法快速、简便、准确、灵敏,适用于突发性公共安全事件的快速筛查与检测要求。     

高效液相色谱-基质辅助激光解吸电离串联飞行时间质谱分离鉴定牛乳铁蛋白素

建立了高效液相色谱-基质辅助激光解吸电离串联飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)分离鉴定牛乳铁蛋白素(bovine lactoferricin, LfcinB)的方法。采用胃蛋白酶酶解牛乳铁蛋白,酶解液离心后取上清液,经过离子交换色谱、反相液相色谱、透析等技术分离,对分离得到的目标产物进行抗菌活性分析、蛋白含量测定和MALDI-TOF/TOF MS鉴定。分离得到高活性的LfcinB,其相对分子质量为3124.89,蛋白含量为18.20 μg/mL。本方法具有精度高、分析速度快和分辨能力强等优点,是其他传统的分析鉴定LfcinB方法所无法比拟的,为进一步研究LfcinB奠定了基础。     

高效液相色谱-离子阱飞行时间质谱对保健食品中激素类成分的快速筛查和确证

采用高效液相色谱-离子阱飞行时间串联质谱(HPLC-IT-TOF-MS)对保健食品中雌激素、雄激素、糖皮质激素和二羟基苯甲酸内酯类药物等21种激素成分进行快速筛查、定性识别和准确定量。样品经含1.0%乙酸的乙腈溶液超声提取,提取液经QuEChERS吸附剂净化,以C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.0 mm, 3.0 μm)分离,乙腈和0.1%乙酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,正、负离子模式同时扫描。结果表明,21种化合物在5.0～250 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性相关性,相关系数均大于0.993。胶囊和口服液样品中各化合物的定量限(以信噪比≥10计)分别为2.0～5.0 μg/kg和1.0～2.5 μg/L。在低、中、高3个添加水平下,各化合物的平均回收率为60.2%～116.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.0%～18.3%。该方法利用精确质量数匹配和自建标准谱库检索,实现快速筛查,并使用多级特征碎片离子进行确证,具有简便、快速、高效、准确等优点,适用于保健食品中多种激素的快速筛查和测定。     

Multi‐constituent determination and fingerprint analysis of Scutellaria indica L. using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method integrating multi‐constituent determination and fingerprint analysis has been established for quality assessment and control of Scutellaria indica L. The optimized method possesses the advantages of speediness, efficiency, and allows multi‐constituents determination and fingerprint analysis in one chromatographic run within 11 min. 36 compounds were detected, and 23 of them were unequivocally identified or tentatively assigned. The established fingerprint method was applied to the analysis of ten S. indica samples from different geographic locations. The quality assessment was achieved by using principal component analysis. The proposed method is useful and reliable for the characterization of multi‐constituents in a complex chemical system and the overall quality assessment of S. indica.     

32种氧化型染料的高效液相色谱定量及高效液相色谱-串联质谱确证方法北大核心CSCD

染发类产品中氧化型染料种类多,实际样品测定时干扰多,建立染发类产品中多种常用染料的测定方法,为该类产品的有效监管提供技术手段十分必要。该研究根据染料使用频率分组,采用能够屏蔽硅羟基和金属离子影响的C_(18)柱,优化了《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)中32种染料的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)并建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)确证方法。样品以10 g/L亚硫酸氢钠水溶液为抗氧化剂,用无水乙醇-水(1∶1,v/v)混合溶液冰浴超声提取10 min。HPLC方法采用甲醇、乙腈和磷酸盐缓冲液为流动相分两个液相色谱条件进行梯度洗脱分离,于280 nm波长下检测,其中一个HPLC条件中的相互干扰组分均在另一个HPLC条件下完全分离,避免了实际样品检测时组分间的干扰,并排除了32种以外的其他15种常用染料的干扰。HPLC-MS/MS方法分别采用5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液-乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸水溶液-乙腈为正离子和负离子模式下的流动相,电喷雾离子模式下用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定性和定量分析。HPLC和HPLC-MS/MS两个方法中,日内精密度和48 h内稳定性的相对标准偏差(RSD)<10%,回收率为82.6%~114.9%(RSD<10%)。HPLC方法中32种染料在大约10~500 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r^(2)>0.99),检出限为9.7~40.1μg/g;HPLC-MS/MS方法中氢醌线性范围为2.0~79.7 mg/L,检出限为8.0μg/g,其他组分线性范围约为0.1~4 mg/L,检出限为0.01~0.4μg/g。采用HPLC、HPLC-MS/MS两个方法和《化妆品安全技术规范》方法同时测定实际样品,共检出16种染料,检出含量范围为58~25160μg/g。3个方法检测结果的RSD为1.9%~10.1%。该研究增加了HPLC-MS/MS确证方法,适应化妆品法定检验中的未知物确认程序;方法简便快速,结果准确,专属性强,具有较好的通用性和可操作性。     

基于高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱技术测定荔枝和香蕉中的草铵膦及3种代谢物

采用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱技术，建立了荔枝和香蕉中草铵膦及3种代谢物的检测分析方法。样品加水超声提取，离心沉淀后进样分析，分析物经Extend-C18色谱柱分离，以0.1%氨水-甲醇（9：1，v/v）作为流动相等度洗脱，在电喷雾负离子扫描、多反应监测模式下，外标法定量分析，同时探讨了前处理和仪器分析条件对草铵膦及代谢物的影响效果。结果表明，草铵膦及3种代谢物在1~1000 μg/L范围内，峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好；当添加浓度水平在50、100、1000 μg/kg时，草铵膦及代谢物在荔枝和香蕉中的平均回收率为82.9%~98.6%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.6%~6.3%，检出限（LOD）为5~10 μg/kg。本方法简化了样品前处理步骤，具有良好的可靠性和灵敏度，适于荔枝和香蕉中草铵膦及其代谢物的快速分析。     

Novel approaches in analysis of Fusarium mycotoxins in cereals employing ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry

Rapid, simple and cost-effective analytical methods with performance characteristics matching regulatory requirements are needed for effective control of occurrence of Fusarium toxins in cereals and cereal-based products to which they might be transferred during processing. Within this study, two alternative approaches enabling retrospective data analysis and identification of unknown signals in sample extracts have been implemented and validated for determination of 11 major Fusarium toxins. In both cases, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (U-HPLC) coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (HR MS) was employed. ¹³C isotopically labeled surrogates as well as matrix-matched standards were employed for quantification. As far as time of flight mass analyzer (TOF-MS) was a detection tool, the use of modified QuEChERS (quick easy cheap effective rugged and safe) sample preparation procedure, widely employed in multi-pesticides residue analysis, was shown as an optimal approach to obtain low detection limits. The second challenging alternative, enabling direct analysis of crude extract, was the use of mass analyzer based on Orbitrap technology. In addition to demonstration of full compliance of the new methods with Commission Regulation (EC) No. 401/2006, also their potential to be used for confirmatory purposes according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC has been critically assessed.     

Comparison of extraction solvents and sorbents in the quick,easy, cheap,effective, rugged,and safe method for the determination of pesticide multiresidue in fruits by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

An improved analytical method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of several plant growth regulators and fungicides (carbendazim, pyrimethanil, metalaxyl, triadimefon, paclobutrazol, thiophanate, prochloraz, dimethomorph, difenoconazole, (4‐chlorophenoxy)‐acetic acid, (2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)‐acetic acid, thiadiazuron, forchlorfenuron and gibberellins) in fruits followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were extracted and purified using a modified QuEChERS method. Different extraction solvents and sorbents in the QuEChERS method were compared. Optimum results were followed by the addition of 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile; C₁₈ sorbent was added due to the acidic nature of several pesticides. The recoveries of the pesticides were in the range 73.7–118.4%, with relative standard deviations lower than 16.63%. Limits of detection ranged from 0.1–1.0 μg/kg. The method presented here is simple, rapid, sensitive and can be applied to large‐scale monitoring programs to screen the presences of pesticides in fruits.     

Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents and rat metabolites of the Wen‐Jing decoction by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry

The Wen‐Jing decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used as a blood‐activating and stasis‐eliminating drug to treat gynaecological syndromes, such as dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, and menstrual disorders. However, its pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of action have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The goal of this study was to characterize and identify multiple constituents and metabolites in Wen‐Jing decoction. An ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated in the present study for the first time. A total of 101 compounds, including 11 monoterpene glycosides, 19 flavonoids, 49 triterpene saponins, 5 phthalides, 3 phytoecdysones, and 14 others, were unambiguously or tentatively characterized by comparing their retention times and MS data with reference standards or with data reported in the literature. After oral administration of Wen‐Jing decoction, 27 compounds, including nine prototype compounds and 18 metabolites were detected in rat plasma. Thus, the ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry method was found to be efficient for in‐depth structural elucidation of chemical compounds in complex matrices of herbal medicines, which will provide useful chemical information for quality control and mechanism‐of‐action research.