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Illegal deforestation is a worldwide problem which may be alleviated through technological means of deforestation monitoring, e.g. wireless sensor networks capable of identifying chain-saw noise, performing sound source localization (SSL), and alerting the authorities to the location of the illegal deforestation activity. In this paper we evaluate the feasibility of performing SSL on low-power, energy-constrained, microphone-array-equipped sensor nodes (SNs) with the Delay-and-Sum (DS) beam-forming algorithm. Our work is the first application of this technique for chain-saw noise. We evaluate array configurations of 4, 8, and 16 microphones, and a multitude of DS algorithm configurations, utilizing chain-saw recordings from the ESC dataset, which is available online. We implement the DS algorithm as a digital circuit in a Xilinx Spartan-6 FPGA and analyze its energy consumption. Our analysis indicates that accurate chain-saw localization can be achieved with much simpler microphone arrays and DS configurations compared to previous work. Furthermore, adding FPGA-based SSL capability to the SN increases the energy consumption by less than 10%, compared to a baseline SN capable only of chain-saw identification through spectral analysis executed in software on the SN microcontroller. 相似文献
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I.IntroductionAnidealplanarsurroundsoundsystemshouldreproduceanaturalanddistinctimageandshouldnothavetheeffectofAnagepositi9ndistortion.Itshouldalsohaveagoodeffectoverawidelisteningarea)agoodcompatibilitywith8tereosystem.ItshouldnotrequiremanytransInissionchannels.InthispaPeritisproposedthataseriesofplanarsurroundsoundsystemstomeetaboverequlremellts.II-ThereproductionsignalsoftheperfectplanarsurroundsoundsystemFirstthecharacteristicsofaperfectplanarsurroundsoundsystemareanalysed.There-prod… 相似文献
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本利用立体声像的相关理论分析方法,分析了用扬声器重发虚拟声时,倾听的头部尺寸对声像定位的影响。结果表明,当实际倾听的头部尺寸与虚拟声信号处理所用头部模型的尺寸有差别时,前方范围内的声像位置畸变较小,但侧向的声像位置畸变较大,因而本特别指出,倾听头部尺寸的不同是虚拟声重发时侧向的声像位置畸变的重要原因,声像定位实验证实了理论分析。 相似文献
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Youngjin Park 《Applied Acoustics》2009,70(5):771-776
We propose a novel probabilistic method for quantitative analysis of the sound localization performance. The analysis is based on the two kinds of probability distributions estimated from a single dataset containing listening test results for sound localization. The quantitative parameters of the von Mises probability distributions provide meaningful interpretations on the localization performance. The mean direction represents the listener’s perceptual bias, and the shape parameters and the circular variance provide information on how much the responses are concentrated about the mean direction. The front-back confusion can be determined more systematically by the proposed method than the conventional one, especially for the responses near the boundary of front-back confusion region based on the conventional criterion. The proposed method can be easily extended to analyze the up-down and left-right confusions. To investigate the feasibility of the proposed method, the already published dataset originally obtained by Iida et al. was analyzed using the proposed probabilistic method. The results showed that the proposed method can provide meaningful and reasonable interpretations on the localization performance. 相似文献
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Accelerated steered response power method for sound source localization using orthogonal linear array 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In microphone arrays application, it is a difficult task to accurately and fast localize sound source in a noisy, reverberant environment. In order to solve this problem, many approaches have been presented. Among them, the steered response power-phase transform weighted (SRP–PHAT) source localization algorithm has been proved robust. However, SRP–PHAT requires high computation cost for searching a large location space. To overcome this shortcoming, an improved SRP–PHAT will be presented that reduces a two-dimension searching space into a couple of one-dimension ones by using an orthogonal linear array. In this method, the parameters of direction of arrival (DOA) are separated. The main computation can be carried out independently in two one-dimension spaces, thus the computational load will be greatly cut down. Simulations show that there is no loss in accuracy in the proposed method. 相似文献
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Xinwang Wan 《Applied Acoustics》2010,71(12):1126-1131
Sound source localization is essential in many microphone arrays application, ranging from teleconferencing systems to artificial perception in a reverberant noisy environment. The steered response power (SRP) using the phase transform (SRP-PHAT) source localization algorithm has been proved robust, however, the performance of the SRP-PHAT algorithm degrades in highly reverberant noisy environment. Though the SRP-based maximum likelihood localizers are more robust than SRP-PHAT, they have the drawback of requiring noise variance to be estimated in a silent room. This paper presents an improved SRP-PHAT algorithm based on principal eigenvector. Sound source location is estimated from the principal eigenvector computed from the frequency-domain correlation matrix. Using both simulated and real data, we show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher source localization accuracy compared to the SRP-PHAT algorithm. 相似文献
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An experiment was carried out to determine whether sudden loss of vision in one eye would result in a bias in sound localization in the direction of the viewing eye. Fifteen normal-sighted young adults were tested binocularly and with the right or left eye covered. Within each vision condition, sound localization was assessed using three different arrays of six loudspeakers, positioned frontally and on the right and left sides of space, in combination with two stimuli, a one-third octave noise band centred at 4 kHz and broadband noise. These assessed the utilization of mainly the interaural level difference cue and binaural and spectral cues in combination, respectively. One block of 90 speaker identification trials was presented for each of the 18 conditions. For the lateral arrays in combination with the broadband noise stimulus, monocular vision resulted in decreased accuracy on the contralateral side. Errors were in the direction of the viewing eye. While monocularity resulted in performance decrements with the 4-kHz stimulus, the error pattern was not consistent. These results support the hypothesis of visually guided auditory adaptation of binaural and spectral cues in combination in response to sudden deprivation of vision in one eye. 相似文献
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多特征向量约束的自适应环境宽容匹配场算法可用于随机和不确知海洋声传播介质中的声源位置定位。该方法需要对拷贝场复声压的互谱矩阵进行估计。为了克服蒙特卡洛统计方法计算互谱矩阵较为耗时的缺点,文章将起伏介质中的随机或不确知声压表示为以正交的随机多项式为基底的级数,随机多项式基底的输入变量为描述环境随机性或不确知性的随机变量。利用随机多项式展开基底的正交性可快速估计拷贝场复声压互谱矩阵。仿真结果表明:在声源频率较低、浅海海水声速存在随机起伏的条件下,在计算效率上使用随机多项式展开方法估计拷贝场复声压互谱矩阵较蒙特卡洛统计方法可提高一个数量级;在高信噪比下,多特征向量约束匹配场声源定位算法在定位准确率和输出峰均比上优于线性匹配场和对角加载的最小方差匹配场声源定位方法。 相似文献
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为减小声速误差对定位精度的影响,提出了一种基于声速修正的分布式声源定位方法。首先,将声速表示为未知声源位置的函数,逼近风场中的声速场分布,然后将其代入TDOA (Time Differences of Arrival)算法中,构建非线性超定方程组,最后采用粒子群优化算法求解声源位置。对不同风速、不同声源位置及不同测试区域进行仿真,结果表明:修正后的定位精度比修正前有明显提高,尤其对于大范围并且声源靠近测试区域边缘位置的定位系统,改善更加明显;4个节点的定位系统实验结果表明,修正后的定位误差可降至修正前的4l%,该方法能更好的应用于风场中的定位系统。 相似文献
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A parametric loudspeaker utilizes nonlinearity of a medium and is known as a super-directive loudspeaker. In this paper, the sound localization in the vertical direction using the upper and lower parametric loudspeakers is confirmed by listening tests and physical measurements. The differences in levels between the upper and lower parametric loudspeakers are varied as a parameter. The direction of sound localization in the vertical plane can be controlled not only when the acoustical axis is set to the right ear but also when it is set to at 5 deg to the right of the right ear. The effect of the level difference between the upper and lower loudspeakers is weaker than the differences observed when using ordinary loudspeakers. We obtained interesting characteristics of the left-right sound localization in the horizontal plane with the upper and lower parametric loudspeakers in the vertical plane. It is found that by setting the parametric loudspeaker at the right ear (that is, the horizontal angle of a listener to it is only 3 deg to the right), the direction of sound localization in the horizontal plane moved approximately 10 deg to the right. Moreover, by setting the parametric loudspeaker 5 deg to the right, the direction of sound localization moves approximately 20 deg to the right. The ILD (Interaural Level Difference) using a dummy head is calculated from the measured left and right sound signals. It is determined that ILDs of the parametric loudspeaker are larger than those of the ordinary loudspeaker. A simple geometrical acoustic model is introduced and analyzed. The analysis helps to explain the measured characteristics. 相似文献
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本文利用环绕声重发的声像定位理论,探讨了对5.1通路(3/20环绕声系统的改进方法。理论和实验结果表明,通过改变系统现有的分立-对信号馈给方法,而采用文中所提出的新的信号馈给方法,就可以在一定的程度上克服现有方法的缺陷,使系统不但可重发稳定、明晰的前方声像,而且可重发稳定的侧向声像,并且听音区域有所扩大,因而改进后的系统既可用于伴随图像的声音重发,又可作为通用系统(兼容地)用于不伴随图像伯声音重发 相似文献
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在两扬声器虚拟声重放中,通过精确重构双耳声压而产生不同的空间听觉感知。其重放的定位性能应该是由双耳声压控制的代价和稳定性所共同决定的。过去研究主要对双耳声压控制的稳定性进行分析,并以此作为扬声器布置和信号处理的依据。该文研究表明仅对双耳声压的稳定性分析是不足以完全衡量扬声器虚拟声重放的定位性能的。进一步采用虚拟声信号处理滤波器响应平均功率对双耳声压控制的代价进行分析。结果表明,缩窄左右对称扬声器布置的张角或采用非对称扬声器布置会明显增加产生侧向目标虚拟源时的双耳声压控制代价。虚拟源(虚拟声像)定位实验表明,双耳声压控制代价增加会引起虚拟源定位缺陷。实际应用中,为了有效产生侧向虚拟源,应避免采用过窄张角(如立体声偶极)和非对称的扬声器布置。 相似文献
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Acoustic guide signals for visually impaired persons sometimes do not include the high frequency components necessary for front–back discrimination in sound localization. However, head movement makes this discrimination possible, even in such cases. This paper clarifies the necessary duration of continuous sound to be able to use head movement effectively in sound localization and whether or not, the effect of head movement appears in sound localization of intermittent sound used in place of continuous one. Head movement is effective for sound localization when the duration of continuous sound exceeds 800 ms, and persists even if the sound is intermittent rather than continuous. 相似文献
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This paper deals with the construction and characteristics of a specially designed wooden clapper intended to operate as an impulse sound source for measurements in rooms. It is to be used as an alternative impulse sound source for experimental estimations of impulse responses of rooms located at remote and specific places where none of the standard sound sources - an omnidirectional loudspeaker system, etc. - can be used. The paper describes the spectral characteristics and directivity of the clapper impulse. Its features are compared with other impulse sources. 相似文献
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针对现有方法对材料吸声系数进行现场测量时存在低频测量误差大的问题,本文提出了一种利用扬声器线阵列对材料吸声系数进行现场测量的新方法。该方法使用基于能量比值约束的最小二乘法在待测材料表面进行平面波声场重建并结合双传声器传递函数法对材料的吸声系数进行测量。数值仿真表明在100~1600 Hz频率范围内,新方法在未加约束时能够对材料的吸声系数进行准确测量。在半消声室中利用新方法测量了三聚氰胺泡沫的吸声系数,分析了能量比值约束值对测量结果的影响,并和阻抗管以及其它两种现场测量方法的测量结果进行了对比。结果表明该方法能够对吸声材料在160~1600 Hz频段内的吸声系数进行准确测量,并且相较于现存的现场测量方法,新方法具有更低的测量频率下限。 相似文献
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为了提高噪声和混响条件下分布式传声器阵列进行声源定位的性能,提出一种利用空间稀疏性和压缩感知原理的声源三维定位方法。该方法首先通过两次离散余弦变换方式提取出声音信号特征,并用该特征来构建稀疏定位模型,以便能够综合利用语音信号的短时和长时特性,同时降低模型维数;然后利用在线字典学习技术动态调整字典,克服稀疏模型与实际信号之间的失配问题,增强稀疏定位模型的鲁棒性;进而提出一种改进的平滑l0范数稀疏重构算法来进行声源位置解算,以提高低信噪比条件下的重构精度。仿真结果表明该方法不仅可以实现多目标定位,而且具有较强的抗噪声和抗混响能力. 相似文献